scholarly journals Checklist of Fish Hosts of Species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Anisakidae) in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-306
Author(s):  
Furhan Mhaisen
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Type B ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
Different Parts

Surveying literature concerning the occurrence of the nematode larval forms of the genus Contracaecum in fishes of Iraq, showed the infection of 44 freshwater and marine fish species in Iraq with such larvae. The infection included larvae of unidentified Contracaecum species, Contracaecum rudolphii type-B and Contracaecum septentrionale Kreis, 1955. The infections were distributed in Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers as well as some of their tributaries, lakes, marshes, drainage networks in addition to many fish ponds and floating cages in different parts of Iraq. This checklist also provided references on some histopathological and biochemical changes, some ecological aspects of the infection, life cycle and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, this checklist includes literature on six species of adult Contracaecum species as well some unidentified species of this genus from 17 bird species from different parts of Iraq, of which both Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris and pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus were infected with a maximum number of three Contracaecum species as well as unidentified species of this genus.

Checklist of Fish Hosts of Species of Lernaea Linnaeus, 1758 (Hexanauplia: Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae) in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Furhan Mhaisen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lernaea Cyprinacea ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
New Habitats

Surveying literature concerning the occurrence of Lernaea cyprinacea and L. oryzophila as well as some unidentified Lernaea species infecting fishes of Iraq, showed the infection of 31 fish species with L. cyprinacea, one fish species with L. oryzophila and seven fish species with unidentified Lernaea species as adults or larval stages. The infections were distributed in Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers as well as some of their tributaries, lakes, marshes, drainage networks in addition to many fish ponds and floating cages in different parts of Iraq. The study also provided information on control methods, histopathological effects, some ecological aspects of the infection, life cycle, experimental infection, fertilization of fish ponds and effect of water pollution on the infection with L. cyprinacea. It is concluded that fail of inspection of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, while transferring to different inland waters and fish farm as well as ignoring the application of quarantine measures plaid an important role in spreading L. cyprinacea in new habitats as well as the infection of other freshwater fishes with this parasite.

scholarly journals Breeding avifauna of Niemodlin countryside (SW Poland) during the years 2002-2007, and its changes over the last 56 years (1962-2007)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Ficedula Albicollis ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Saxicola Torquata ◽  
Sw Poland

Abstract Niemodlin countryside (c. 300 km2) is situated in the south-western part of Opole Silesia, SW Poland. Forests occupy c. 40%, arable grounds – 1/3, and meadows and pastures – 7%. There are 31 fish-ponds with a total diked surface of 663 ha. The paper presents results of field investigations carried out during the years 2002-2007 and an analysis of changes in the breeding avifauna over the last 56 years. During the years 2002-2007, 123 breeding and 11 probably breeding bird species were recorded in this area. During the years 1962-2007 151 species were recorded as breeding residents; and additional five species – as probably breeding resident. The following species were recorded as breeding for the first time in 1962-2007: Haliaeetus albicilla, Larus canus, Motacilla cinerea, Saxicola torquata, Locustella luscinioides, Ficedula albicollis, Corvus corax and Carpodacus erythrinus. In the same period the following species became extinct: Podiceps nigricollis, Anas clypeata, Milvus milvus, and Tringa glareola. The following species increaed in numbers in 1962-2007: Coturnix coturnix, Grus grus, Columba oenas, Apus apus, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos medius, Motacilla cinerea, Saxicola torquata and Corvus corax. In the same period, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps grisegena, Ciconia ciconia, Aythya nyroca, Perdix perdix, Gallinago gallinago, Larus ridibundus, Tyto alba, Alcedo atthis, Picus viridis, Riparia riparia and Corvus cornix decreased in numbers. The areas with the highest concentration of rare and endangered species are postulated to be protected as nature reserves, landscape parks and other spatial forms of nature conservation.

scholarly journals The risks of introduction of the Amazonian palm Euterpe oleracea in the Atlantic rainforest

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
F. C. S. Tiberio ◽  
T. A. Sampaio-e-Silva ◽  
D. M. S. Matos ◽  
A. Z. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Palm Species

Abstract The introduction of a species may alter ecological processes of native populations, such as pollination and dispersal patterns, leading to changes in population structure. When the introduced and the native species are congeners, interference in pollination can also lead to hybridization. We aimed to understand the ecological aspects of Euterpe oleracea introduction in the Atlantic forest and the possible consequences for the conservation of the native congener Euterpe edulis. We analysed the population structure of palm populations, including hybrids, and observed the interaction with frugivorous birds of both palm species after E. oleracea introduction. We observed that E. edulis had significantly lower density and a smaller number of seedlings when occurring with E. oleracea. Native and introduced Euterpe species shared nine frugivorous bird species. E. oleracea and hybrids had dispersed outside the original planting area. Consequently, the risks of introduction of E. oleracea may mostly be related to the disruption of interactions between E. edulis and frugivorous birds and the spontaneous production of hybrids. Finally, the cultivation of E. oleracea and hybrids in Atlantic rainforest could affect the conservation of the already endangered E. edulis.

Infestation of the pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) by the copepod Lernaea Cyprinacea (Crustacea) - some ecological aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala-Maria Stavrescu-Bedivan ◽  
Oana Popa ◽  
Florin Aioanei ◽  
Luis Popa
Keyword(s):  
Host Size ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Pumpkinseed Sunfish ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Lernaea Cyprinacea ◽  
Fish Hosts

Infestation of the pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) by the copepod Lernaea Cyprinacea (Crustacea) - some ecological aspects The copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 is known by the large spectrum of fish hosts which it infests, and to which it can cause haemorrhages and ulcerations. The paper focuses on some aspects of the relation between the Pumpkinseed sunfish and this copepod: infestation parameters, preferred attaching situs, relationship between the host size and parasitisation degree, as well as the visible effects of this parasite left on the fish body, in the Moara Domnească Lake, Romania.

scholarly journals The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÔMULO ROMEU NÓBREGA ALVES ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA ◽  
HELDER FARIAS P. ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Commercial Network ◽  
Live Bird

SummaryBrazil’s rich biological and cultural diversity makes it an exceptional location for examining the commerce in live wild birds and its implications for conservation. This paper catalogues the live bird species being traded in Brazil, characterises the trade in these animals, and discusses the implications for avian conservation. In spite of being illegal, capturing and selling birds is still a very common practice in Brazil and involves many actors who make up part of a large commercial network that distributes wild animals to every corner of the country. Our survey revealed that at least 295 bird species are illegally sold as pets in Brazil, with estimates derived from this data pointing to a total of more than 400 species - about 23% of the number of extant bird species in the country. Of the bird species recorded, two were classified as “Critically Endangered”, nine as “Endangered”, six as “Vulnerable”, and 19 as “Near Threatened” according to the most recent IUCN Red List. Most of the species recorded in this study as being widely bought and sold (including on the international market) are not listed by CITES even though many of them are in fact threatened. In light of the widespread illegal trade in wild birds in Brazil and the conservation implications for the species involved, there is an urgent need for actions that can control these activities. Steps should be taken to address the illegal traffic directly and these must include monitoring, law enforcement, effective sentencing (including deterrent sentences), targeting end-users, captive breeding, and education at all levels, taking into account the cultural, economic, social, and ecological aspects of the human populations involved.

scholarly journals Parasitic nematodes of anseriform birds in Hokkaido, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshino ◽  
J. Uemura ◽  
D. Endoh ◽  
M. Kaneko ◽  
Y. Osa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wild Duck ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii ◽  
Amidostomum Anseris ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractParasitic nematodes of 176 individuals of 15 bird species belonging to the order Anseriformes from Hokkaido, Japan were investigated. A total of 12 nematode species were obtained, namely Amidostomum anseris, A. acutum, Epomidiostomum crami, E. uncinatum, Tetrameres fissispina, Eucoleus contortus, Capillaria anatis, Baruscapillaria mergi, Contracaecum rudolphii, Echinuria uncinata, Streptocara crassicauda and Sarconema eurycerca. Among these, E. uncinatum (hosts: Anas platyrhynchos, A. poecilorhyncha, A. acuta, Mel. nigra) and E. crami (hosts: Anser albifroms, Ans. fabalis, C. cygnus, C. columbianus) were the first geographical records in Japan. There appeared to be strict host-parasite relationships between the wild swans/geese and A. anseris/E. crami, and between wild duck species and A. acutum/E. uncinatum, respectively.

scholarly journals Revitalization and preservation of biodiversity. Focus on water bodies in the Cracow region

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 496-504
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wagner ◽  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Katharina Maletz ◽  
Ina K. Talmo
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Reed Bed

Abstract The studies included 2 water bodies in Cracow (Kraków), 6 water bodies in the commune of Zabierzów (Cracow County) and 4 in the commune of Niepołomice (Wieliczka County). The studies were carried out in June 2018 and May 2019. The ways on management of the water bodies were compared. Problems related to revitalization were identified. One of these problems is the preservation of biodiversity. In some cases revitalization reduces biodiversity. This can happen due to the liquidation or limitation of the reed bed zone. Such a situation was observed in the water bodied of Zelków and Karniowice (com. Zabierzów). Both have ornamental functions now. Removal of most of reed does not disturb mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), but makes it impossible to nest for other birds such as moorhen (Galinula chloropus). Moorhens were observed in two former fish ponds in Staniątki (com. Niepołomice) and in the pond of the Kaczeńcowa street. In one of them revitalization caused the diminishing of the water area, but did not change the character of the water body. Bird species were recorded at water bodies.

Occurrence of Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845 (Opecoelidae, Podocotylinae) in three species of deep-sea macrourids from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea with an updated key to species and host-parasite checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4638 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-533
Author(s):  
CHARLES K. BLEND ◽  
NORMAN O. DRONEN ◽  
HOWARD W. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Fish Hosts

Podocotyle pearsei Manter, 1934 is documented from the intestine of Vaillant’s grenadier, Bathygadus melanobranchus Vaillant (Macrouridae: Bathygadinae), collected from the northeastern and western Gulf of Mexico from 783–841 m depth. The finding of P. pearsei in B. melanobranchus represents the first originally published report of this genus from this host and the fifth documented host species for P. pearsei. We report three unidentified species of Podocotyle, represented by one individual each, from the intestine of the western Atlantic grenadier, Nezumia atlantica (Parr) (Macrouridae: Macrourinae), and from Bathygadus favosus Goode & Bean (Macrouridae: Bathygadinae) found at 637 m, 710 m and 1,143 m depths in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico off Florida and from the Caribbean Sea off Colombia. We provide a checklist of the parasites known from the three macrourid species relevant to this study, comment on the biogeography of the five species of Podocotyle now known from the deep sea and discuss the low host specificity observed across this genus. The high number of fish hosts for Podocotyle (i.e. type hosts include at least 22 piscine families) encompassing a wide phylogenetic diversity and diet makes it unlikely that members of a single genus could evolve such a broad array of life histories (i.e. utilize dissimilar intermediate hosts), and we predict in the future that Podocotyle will be taxonomically divided up. Morphological and especially molecular work is needed for Podocotyle as well as for other digenean genera known to inhabit the deep sea. Podocotyle sp. 1 & 2 represent the first originally published reports of this genus from N. atlantica while Podocotyle sp. 3 represents the first report of this genus from B. favosus. Podocotyle koshari Nagaty, 1973 is declared a species inquirenda, and a dichotomous key to the 27 species of Podocotyle we recognize is provided. 

scholarly journals Consumo de frutos de Prunus sellowii Koehne (Rosaceae) por aves em um fragmento florestal em Jundiái, SP

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Masteguin ◽  
Rodolfo Antônio de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Ecological aspects of animal and plant species which occur in forest fragments are poorly known. This study intended to characterize the guild of bird species visiting a Prunus sellowii Koehne showing mature fruits. A great number of individuals consumed the fruits, but only 5 species (3 genera) of birds were recorded. The activity of these birds is important to disseminate seeds of the plant to other forest remnants and to areas modified by humans.

scholarly journals Natural enemies of fish as cause of economic losses in fish ponds

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Maja Markovic ◽  
Ksenija Palic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Fish Ponds

The presence of natural enemies of fish can result in huge economic damage to fish ponds. Direct damages result from the fact that ichthyophagous bird species are capable of eating large quantities of fish in a short time interval, or can cause mechanical injuries to fish which later on become ideal places for the development of secondary infections. In the surviving fish, depending on the depth of the lesions, the healing process takes place either by regeneration or substitution. More serious, bigger damaged areas heal with a scar that can lead to the deforming of parts of the body, and consumers find such fish, which are generally used for human consumption, repellent. According to Schaperclaus, birds can cause even more than 60% losses in carp breeding ponds, in particular in objects where carp fry are maintained. Indirect damages occur when the bird organs are inhabited by larvae or other forms of parasites, which reach the water through feces, and later become fish pathogens through transitory hosts.

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