scholarly journals Adopting General Rules to Regulate Writer with Traditional Justice in Organizing the E-Certification Body in Contemporary Iraqi Legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-370
Author(s):  
Abdulbasit Jasim Mohammed ◽  
Sarah Husham Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electronic Documentation ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Certification Body ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Electronic Authentication

The legal and legal necessity in electronic and third-party legal transactions dictates, and keeps abreast of modern developments in this field, The Iraqi legislature, according to the Electronic Signature and Electronic Transactions Law No. (78) Of 2012, created the electronic authentication body, and set out the conditions for its establishment, scope of work, terms of reference and mechanisms for carrying out its activities, to be -from a functional point of view -an extension of the writer with traditional justice, organized under the provisions of the Notary Book Law No. (23) for the year 1998, However, the texts regulating the work of the first are not at the level of the legislative organization of the work of the second, which necessitates researching the extent of the success of the adaptation of the general rules regulating the writer with traditional justice, in completing the aspects of organizing the electronic documentation body in contemporary Iraqi legislation, to ensure the achievement of the goal for which this body was established , The study showed the possibility of adapting texts related to the substantive aspect, which do not contradict the default nature of the documentation side, and the impossibility of this with regard to the functional aspect, related to the nature and entity of each of them.

scholarly journals Properties of the Rainbow multi-variant algorithm and its ability to resist various crypto-analysis methods and attack by outside channels

Radiotekhnika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
D.V. Harmash
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Mathematical Point ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms

This work presents the analysis of the essence and possibilities of protection of the Rainbow post-quantum cryptographic algorithm. The main properties of the Rainbow algorithm and the general essence of cryptographic encryption and electronic signature algorithms based on multivariate quadratic transformations are determined. The main provisions regarding the protocols are given. Analyses are given regarding the ability to protect the algorithm against various attacks. The vulnerability of the algorithm to attack by third-party channels is investigated. The general provisions of the algorithm are considered. The algorithm is presented and considered from a mathematical point of view, as well as the mathematical essence of cryptographic algorithms for encryption and electronic signature based on multivariate quadratic transformations. The application of various methods of cryptanalysis against cryptographic algorithm based on multivariate quadratic Rainbow transformations is studied. The method of decreasing rank against the Rainbow algorithm is analyzed. The method of cryptanalysis by attacking the Oil-Vinegar scheme and the method of cryptanalysis "minranku method" are investigated. The attack is studied using a multilayer structure.

Dental Inclusion of Canine and Wisdom Tooth in Orthodontics Chemical Necroses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2191-2196
Author(s):  
Cristian Constantin Budacu ◽  
Nicoleta Ioanid ◽  
Cristian Romanec ◽  
Mihail Balan ◽  
Liliana Lacramioara Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Wisdom Tooth ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
Canine Guidance ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Functional Point

Canine plays an important role in the dento-maxillary system. From a functional point of view, it provides the canine guidance, by positioning it in the frontal area, has a role in facial aesthetics. It plays an important prosthetic role by having the longest root and one of the longest arcade teeth. Three molars represent the last teeth that erupt in the arches both in the jaw and in the mandible, which is why they remain the most frequently included.Canine incidence is quite common following the wisdom tooth. It can be unilateral or bilateral and is more common in the upper jaw. The canine may remain included at the vestibular, palatal or between the two bones. A separate entity is the incision of the canine in the edentulous mandible or jaw. The study included 213 cases with dento-alveolar pathology, of which 128 patients were selected with dental inclusion. Our study reports that the first three molars are frequent, followed by the canine as opposed to other studies conducted by Guzduz K in 2011 and Fardi A of the same year bringing the canines first (Fardi, Guzduz). Some studies attribute the first place to the superior canine in terms of frequency, but they are abstracted from the molar three inclusion that they consider as most frequently (Compoy). The most common tooth in inclusion is the third molar (lower and upper) followed by the upper canine; the most commonly affected are women for both canine and molar.

scholarly journals Creation of Technical Conditions for Use or Infringement – The Meanders of the Warehouse Keeper’s Liability in Light of CJEU Judgment C-567/18 Coty Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szczepanowska-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trademark Use

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of “stocking” does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.

scholarly journals Reinsurance of Third Party Motor Insurance and Motor Insurance in Finland

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teivo Pentikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Motor Insurance ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Limits

The need and extent of reinsurance of third party motor insurance depends fundamentally on the risk limits prescribed in the legislation of the country in question (and on the other hand the legal limits of the compulsory insurance may have been fixed with regard to the reasonable possibilities of the insurers getting reinsurance). There are two kinds of risk limits which are applied in different countries: total limits and individual limits. The former defines the maximum joint indemnity for an accident, paid to all claiments together, and the latter defines the maximum indemnity paid to each claiment separately. From the social point of view limits of this sort are not expedient, especially in regard to physical injuries. Owing to this total limit the indemnity for a single claiment can depend on the number of other claiments, which is quite inadequate from the point of view of the actual need to get insurance cover for injuries. The individual lump sum limit allows full compensation for slight injuries but can cut down the compensation for serious ones, which is an irrational method of settling an indemnity system. Owing to these risk limits motor car drivers may also be held responsible for the extra claims personally on the basis of civil (or criminal) law, which compels them to take an extra third party liability insurance (which often also has risk limits).

scholarly journals Tax Law: Third Party As Payer of Income from Dependent Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Jana Tepperová ◽  
Lucie Rytířová
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Specific Tax ◽  
Collection Point

Abstract Employment related income paid by a third party (non-employer) has its specific tax treatment. In the Czech Republic, a different approach applies for calculation of personal income tax and obligatory insurance contributions from this income. With the preparation of the Single Collection Point (unifying the collection of personal income tax and obligatory insurance contributions), the question arises whether it is possible to set up unified treatment of this income for all obligatory payments. We provide detailed analyses of this topic from the point of view of the Czech legislation and comparison with selected countries. Further we follow with the discussion of problematic issues in unified treatment for all obligatory payments from this income; such as discrimination and complicated administration. We conclude that even if the national legislation for all obligatory payments from this income would not diff er, there will still be different treatment due to specific international regulations.

scholarly journals Aurones: A Golden Resource for Active Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ilaria Mazziotti ◽  
Giovanni Petrarolo ◽  
Concettina La Motta
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Chemical Strategies

Deemed as poorly represented in nature, aurones have been often overlooked by researchers compared to other members of the flavonoid superfamily. However, over the past two decades, they have been reassessed by the scientific community, who are increasingly appreciating their ability to modulate several biological pathways. This review summarizes the recent literature on this class of compounds, which has been analyzed from both a chemical and a functional point of view. Original articles, reviews and editorials featured in Pubmed and Scifinder over the last twenty years have been taken into account to provide the readers with a view of the chemical strategies to obtain them, their functional properties, and their potential of technological use. The resulting comprehensive picture aims at raising the awareness of these natural derivatives as effective drug candidates, fostering the development of novel synthetic analogues.

scholarly journals Automatic Fire Detection and Extinction with Infrared Multispectrum Electro-Optical Technology with Watch-Dog Timer Control, for a 220KV to 33KV Transformer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Yesica Pamela Leandro Chacon ◽  
◽  
Omar Chamorro Atalaya
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Optical Technology ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Functional Point

The present research aims to design an automatic fire detection and extinction system, developed with infrared multi-spectrum electro-optical technology with watch-dog timer control, for an electrical transformer from 220KV to 33KV. Upon its development, it is concluded that the automatic detection and extinction system has a deluge system with sprayed water, which will be activated by a detection system with flame sensors, this system has infrared multispectrum Electro-Optical Technology and will be controlled by through the Timer Watch-Dog, which will automatically detect and report any failure in the state-of-theart microprocessor. By subjecting the detection and extinguishing system to operational and functional tests, an optimal response of the deluge sprinklers was obtained, through the pressure and flow parameters, also a coefficient of determination R2 equal to 0.991 is obtained, which represents that the design is optimal, evidencing feasibility from the operational and functional point of view. Keywords— Detection, Extinction, Automatic, ElectroOptical, Multispectral, Infrared, Timer Watch-Dog, Transformer

scholarly journals Recursos estilísticos de creación humorística en los debates parlamentarios españoles: una clasificación morfo-funcional

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 395-419
Author(s):  
Alejandro Romero Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
The Way

El funcionamiento del humor en entornos serios es un asunto de relativo interés para la Pragmática. Este trabajo se inscribe dentro de este contexto: su objetivo es clasificar y analizar los principales recursos estilísticos de creación humorística utilizados en los debates parlamentarios españoles desde un punto de vista morfo-funcional. Dicha clasificación se ha realizado en función de la manera en que se resuelve el conflicto que provoca el marco humorístico: bien mediante la sustitución de un marco por otro, o bien mediante la oposición de ambos. La conclusión extraída ha sido que el comportamiento humorístico en los parlamentos españoles tiende a activar dispositivos lingüísticos relacionados con la confrontación y la exageración. The functioning of humour in serious frames is an issue of relative interest to Pragmatics. This work is inscribed within this context: its aim is to classify and analyse the main stylistic resources of humorous creation used in Spanish parliamentary debates from a functional point of view. Such classification was made according with the way in which the conflict caused by the humorous frame is resolved: either by substituting one frame by another, or through the opposition of both frames. The conclusion was that humorous behaviour in Spanish parliaments tends to activate linguistic devices related with confrontation and exaggeration.

scholarly journals Palmitoylation as a Functional Regulator of Neurotransmitter Receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Naumenko ◽  
Evgeni Ponimaskin
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Protein Palmitoylation ◽  
Neuronal Proteins ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Pathological Behavior ◽  
Multiple Signaling

The majority of neuronal proteins involved in cellular signaling undergo different posttranslational modifications significantly affecting their functions. One of these modifications is a covalent attachment of a 16-C palmitic acid to one or more cysteine residues (S-palmitoylation) within the target protein. Palmitoylation is a reversible modification, and repeated cycles of palmitoylation/depalmitoylation might be critically involved in the regulation of multiple signaling processes. Palmitoylation also represents a common posttranslational modification of the neurotransmitter receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LICs). From the functional point of view, palmitoylation affects a wide span of neurotransmitter receptors activities including their trafficking, sorting, stability, residence lifetime at the cell surface, endocytosis, recycling, and synaptic clustering. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the palmitoylation of neurotransmitter receptors and its role in the regulation of receptors functions as well as in the control of different kinds of physiological and pathological behavior.

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