AN ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING REPATRIATION OF AFGHAN REFUGEES FROM PAKISTAN

Pakistan has been hosting Afghan refugees for almost four decades. These refugees are a burden on resources of country, hence Pakistan introduced repatriation of refugees with assistance of humanitarian organizations, but desired success not yet achieved. This study focused on "An analysis of economic factors influencing repatriation of the Afghan refugees from Pakistan”, therefore, utilized cross-sectional design to measure association between economic factors and expatriation. Study applied quantitative survey method to collect data through questionnaire. The simple random technique used to approach samples in population. Variables measured by the items selected from four different instruments. Data were analyzed with regression using SmartPLS. The results explored that productivity, labour market integration and access to shelter as indicators of economic factors for Afghan refugees in Pakistan are significantly associated with expatriation in presence of the mediating variable (economic well-being). Hence, a pull force of economic factors in Pakistan attracts them to stay in host country and avoid repatriation to homeland.

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The Association Between Afghan Refugees’ Food Insecurity and Socio-economic Factors in Iran: A Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province

BORDER CROSSING ◽

10.33182/bc.v11i1.1220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Mahasti Khakpour ◽

Azar Khorshahi ◽

Mohammad Reza Pakravan Charvadeh ◽

Nasrin Omidvar ◽

Rachel Engler-Stringer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Face To Face ◽

Afghan Refugees ◽

Residency Status ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Afghan refugees are one of the most vulnerable migrant groups in terms of food insecurity status around the world. We aimed to investigate the association between Afghan protracted refugees' food insecurity and its socio– economic determinants in Mashhad, Iran. In a cross– sectional design, information was gathered through face– to– face interviews with 299 Afghan main income earners or his/her representative in Golshar district, Mashhad, Iran. In a quantitative approach, the association of socio– economic factors with food insecurity was assessed. The results showed that less than 1% of all the households were food secure, 69.2% of those with children and 47.5% of those with no child faced severe food insecurity. Class of households' income, residency status and personal dwelling were significantly associated with severe food insecurity of Afghan refugees. Determining effective socio– economic factors to formulate appropriate policies and practices is not only necessary but also inevitable to assure sustainable food security for refugees.

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Determinants of Screen Time Among Children Under Five Years: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23506 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diana Raj ◽

Norliza Ahmad ◽

Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽

Zalilah Mohd Shariff

Keyword(s):

Screen Time ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Time Future

BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is detrimental to the child’s health. However, screen time situation among Malaysian children is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of screen time among children under five years old using the latest WHO guidelines. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to randomly select 489 children from nine government health clinics. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Results show an overall prevalence of 91.4% with a median of 3.00 hours (IQR: 1.36-5.04). Majority of children watched television (66%), followed by mobile phones (30%) and computers (4%). The determinants of screen time were Malay ethnicity, (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.65-7.68), parental age of 30 years or more (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.58-6.16), parental screen time exceeding 2 hours a day (AOR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.73), parent’s moderate self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (AOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01-5.20) and parent’s positive perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (AOR 1.15, 95% CI:1.01-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Parents played an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions that focus on the parents may ensure age appropriate screen time for their children.

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Exploration of simultaneous polydrug use: risk and protective factors in undergraduate students in one university, Kingston - Jamaica

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-07072012000500009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (spe) ◽

pp. 68-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carole Mitchell ◽

Laura Simich ◽

Carol Strike ◽

Bruna Brands ◽

Norman Giesbrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Medical Science ◽

Well Being ◽

Survey Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Polydrug Use ◽

Ease Of Access ◽

The University

Simultaneous polydrug use in undergraduate students was studied in one university in Kingston, Jamaica. The study was a cross-sectional, and used a survey method of data collection. We examined protective and risk factors associated with simultaneous polydrug use in a sample of 295 undergraduate students from the health and medical science departments in the university. Our results suggest that continued residence with family, family support, and students' emotional well-being are protective factors. On the other hand, ease of access of substance and limited emotional support may be considered risk factors. Our findings may inform preventive programs, though further research is required.

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Italian Children’s Well-Being after Lockdown: Predictors of Psychopathological Symptoms in Times of COVID-19

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11429

Author(s):

Marcella Caputi ◽

Barbara Forresi ◽

Ludovica Giani ◽

Giovanni Michelini ◽

Simona Scaini

Keyword(s):

Small Sample Size ◽

Well Being ◽

Small Sample ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Cross Sectional Design

The first Italian lockdown imposed to fight the spread of COVID-19 caused important disruptions in families’ everyday lives. The main aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of psychopathology in children aged 5–10 years, immediately after the national 2-month lockdown. A total of 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) were recruited and asked to complete an online research concerning their 158 children (76 boys, mean age = 7.4 years). Parents completed questionnaires on parent–child conflict, resilience, temperament, behavior, and previous adverse childhood experiences. Hierarchical regressions showed that children’s psychopathology was predicted by low child resilience, high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, adverse experiences, and high flooding levels. Moreover, girls exposed to adverse experiences appeared more vulnerable to psychopathology. The recruitment of a convenience sample, the small sample size, and the cross-sectional design of our study limit the generalizability and interpretation of the present findings. Nonetheless, this research extends our knowledge of children’s functioning in such an exceptional period. Shedding light on predictors of children’s psychopathology following prolonged quarantine can indeed guide effective psychological interventions now and in future similar situations.

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An Epidemiological Study on Factors Influencing Gaming Disorder- an Online Cross- Sectional Design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1074693/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rabbanie Tariq Wani ◽

Imrose Rashid

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Online Gaming ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background: Gaming disorders have increased over time due to easy availability of online gaming. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the gaming disorders. Methods: An online questionnaire was circulated on gaming platforms for the assessment as per IGD20 & DSM5 criteria. Results: A significant correlation was found between duration of play and gaming disorders (r= 0.131, p<0.05). The scores were concurrent as per IGD20 and DSM5 criteria. Conclusion: Undiagnosed gaming disorder among gamers needs to be addressed. Duration of playing of games also needs to be checked inorder to reduce the prevalence of gaming disorders.

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Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Penderita Demensia di Bandung

WIRARAJA MEDIKA ◽

10.24929/fik.v10i2.1000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Upik Rahmi ◽

Yoanita Suryani

Keyword(s):

Family Support ◽

Family Members ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family Responsibilities ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Education Psychology

Abstract Family members are primarily responsible for the care of loved ones with dementia. Family support and living with people with dementia are cultural norms that are expected in Indonesia, where family members with dementia are considered family responsibilities that must be fulfilled. The purpose of this study: to find out Family Support for Dementia sufferers. Quantitative descriptive with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in the city of Bandung with a population of 41 respondents and a sample of (n = 41) primary caregivers / families who care for dementia patients, sampling with total sampling. Family support based on education in the good category (68.3%) and not good 13 respondents (31.7%), emotional factors in the good category 26 respondents (63.4%) and not good 15 respondents (36, 6%), based on spiritual in the good category of 24 respondents (58.5%) and not good 17 respondents (43.9%), social and psychological factors are in the good category 26 respondents (63.4%) and not good 15 respondents (36.6%), and the last indicator of economic factors was in the good category of 25 respondents (61.0%) and not good 16 respondents (39.0%). Family support is very important to improve the quality of life of people with dementia, namely support based on educational, psychological / emotional, spiritual, social and environmental and economic factors. Some have provided good support, but there is still support that is not good Keywords: Dementia, Family Support, Education, Psychology

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Promoting Athlete Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jcsp.2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Georgia A. Bird ◽

Mary L. Quinton ◽

Jennifer Cumming

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Managing Stress ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

The Relationship ◽

University Athletes

This study investigated the relationship between reappraisal and suppression with depression and mental well-being among university athletes. It was hypothesized reappraisal would associate with lower depression and greater mental well-being, whereas suppression would associate with greater depression and reduced mental well-being. Employing a cross-sectional design, 427 participants (Mage = 20.18, SD = 1.52; 188 males and 239 females) completed questionnaires assessing mental health and strategy use. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed reappraisal was positively associated, and suppression negatively associated with mental well-being, ΔR2 = 4.8%, ΔF(2, 422) = 17.01, p ≤ .001; suppression, β = −0.08, p = .028; reappraisal, β = 0.21, p ≤ .001, but neither were associated with depression, ΔR2 = 0.4%, ΔF(2, 422) = 1.33, p = .267; suppression, β = 0.06, p = .114; reappraisal, β = 0.03, p = .525. Results highlight reappraisal as correlated with mental well-being in student-athletes, and therefore, reappraisal could be beneficial for managing stress in sport. Reappraisal may implicate how well-being is promoted through sport, but future experimental research is needed to confirm causal relationships.

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“Mutual Respect Would be a Good Starting Point:” Students’ Perspectives on Incivility in Nursing Education

Canadian Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0844562118821573 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 133-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra P. Small ◽

Denise English ◽

Glenys Moran ◽

Patricia Grainger ◽

Geraldine Cashin

Keyword(s):

Nursing Education ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Baccalaureate Nursing ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Starting Point ◽

Good Starting Point ◽

Academic Incivility ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Teaching Learning

Background Studies indicate that incivility is common in nursing education and perpetuated by both students and faculty. Academic incivility negatively affects the well-being of those involved, interferes with the teaching–learning process, and is antithetical to nursing as a caring profession. An understanding of academic incivility is essential to establish best practices to address this problem. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine incivility in nursing academia from the perspective of baccalaureate nursing students. Methods The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design, with a mixed method questionnaire administered to 380 students. The quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and qualitative data through content analysis. Results The majority of students thought incivility is a mild to moderate problem in nursing education. They thought that students contribute to incivility by not taking responsibility (being unprepared and being disinterested) for their education and by not being professional (being disrespectful and being uncaring) and faculty contribute by not being good teachers (being authoritarian, treating students unfairly, having ineffective teaching methods) and not being professional (being disrespectful, lacking compassion). Conclusion Until evidence is available for effective measures to address incivility, nursing schools should consider adopting strategies for solutions as suggested by the students in this study.

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Factors influencing the acceptance of HPV vaccine among civil servants in Delta State Secretariat

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1227

Author(s):

Uchechukwuka Nnemdi Okwe ◽

Helen Chime ◽

Ezekiel Uba Nwose

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Time Constraints ◽

Survey Method ◽

High Income Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: The importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination cannot be overemphasized. Yet, the level of uptake of HPV vaccination has never been evaluated among Secretariat personnel in Delta State of Nigeria. This part-of-four piece of study aimed to identify the barriers to the acceptance of HPV vaccination in Delta State, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey method was adopted using a structured questionnaire. 285 participants were included. The structured questionnaire included questions on acceptance of HPV vaccination and the factors influencing acceptability. Statistical analysis included percentage proportions of respondents. Absolute and relative frequencies of the factors were also determined. Chi-squared analysis was performed based on dichotomy of participants based on yes/no response to being vaccinated.Results: Less than 8% of respondents have completed the HPV vaccination program. Low income earners have accepted the vaccination more than the high income group (p <0.003). Nature of work implying time constraints was an absolute factor. Accessibility is one of four factors that were significantly associated (p <0.002).Conclusions: Given the observation on nature of work and associated implication of time constraints and also inaccessibility as potentially major factors; it suffices to suggest that acceptance of HPV vaccination may be improved by expounding the days and sites of vaccination programs to be closer to the offices and scheduled around lunch-break times.

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What happens to the physical and psychosocial work environment when activity-based offices are introduced into academia?

Journal of Corporate Real Estate ◽

10.1108/jcre-06-2017-0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 230-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hanne Berthelsen ◽

Tuija Muhonen ◽

Susanna Toivanen

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Response Rate ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychosocial Work Environment ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Run ◽

Before And After ◽

Cross Sectional Design

PurposeThere is an increased interest for introducing activity-based offices at universities. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about the importance of the built environment for the psychosocial work environment within academia by analyzing how staff at a large Swedish university experienced the physical and psychosocial work environment before and after moving to activity-based offices.Design/methodology/approachA Web-based survey was distributed to all employees at two faculties at a university three months before (2015,n= 217, response rate 51 per cent) and nine months after (2016,n= 200, response rate 47 per cent) relocation to a new activity-based university building.FindingsIn the new premises, a vast majority (86 per cent) always occupied the same place when possible, and worked also more often from home. The social community at work had declined and social support from colleagues and supervisors was perceived to have decreased. The participants reported a lower job satisfaction after the relocation and were more likely to seek new jobs. No aspects in the physical or psychosocial work environment were found to have improved after the relocation.Research/limitations implicationsThe study had a two-wave cross-sectional design, which does not allow establishing causal relations.Practical implicationsThere is reason to be cautious about relocation to activity-based offices at universities. The potential savings in costs for premises may lead to may be followed by an increase in other costs. The risk that staff cannot concentrate on their work in activity-based university workplaces and lose their sense of community with colleagues are factors, which in the long run may lead to decreased efficiency, more conflicts and poorer well-being.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with new knowledge concerning changes in the physical and psychosocial work environment when relocating from cell offices to activity-based offices in a university setting.

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