scholarly journals AN AUTOMATED ENERGY BILL METERING SYSTEM BASED ON GSM TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
K. OKOKPUJIE ◽  
A. ABAYOMI-ALLI ◽  
O. ABAYOMI-ALLI ◽  
M. ODUSAMI ◽  
I. P. OKOKPUJIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Full Control ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Error Energy ◽  
Energy Theft

The measurement of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings by utility provider is important in billing, control, and monitoring of the usage of energy. Traditional metering techniques used for the measurement of energy are not convenient and is prone to different forms of irregularities. These irregularities include meter failure, meter tampering, inaccuracies in billing due to human error, energy theft, and loss of revenue due to corruption, etc. This research study proposed the design and construction of a microcontroller-based electric energy metering system using the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network. This system provides a solution to the irregularities posed by the traditional metering technique by allowing the utility provider have access to remote monitoring capabilities, full control over consumer load, and remote power disconnection in the case of energy theft. Proteus simulation software was used to model the system hardware and the software was obtained by using embedded C programming and visual basic. It was observed that the system could remotely take accurate energy readings, provided full control over consumer loads and execute remote disconnection in case of energy theft. The system provides high performance and high accuracy in power monitoring and power management.    

Influence of DC Bias and Remnant Flux on Measuring Current Transformers

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2268-2271
Author(s):  
Lu Shen ◽  
Shu Tao Zhao ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Xiao Qian Tian
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Ratio Error ◽  
Phase Displacement ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exciting Current ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Dc Bias

Current transformer (CT) is an important transmission equipment in power systems. DC bias and remnant flux can change the working point of CT in the core magnetization curve and has a direct impact on the accuracy of electric energy metering and measurement. The simulation circuit model is built by using the simulation software PSCAD and the change of ratio error, phase displacement and exciting current with DC bias and remnant flux are analyzed. The results show that DC bias and remnant flux will both increase the ratio error and phase displacement in opposite directions and the error size will be far more than the limit value when DC bias and remnant flux exist in same direction at the same time. Furthermore, the existence of DC bias and remnant flux will also cause the raise of exciting current size, asymmetry of exciting current waveform and appearance of even harmonics. This will seriously affect the transmission accuracy of measuring CT.

The Design of the Ethernet Meter Reading System Based on Broadband Power Line

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 2755-2759
Author(s):  
Ye Tian ◽  
Yan Feng Ren ◽  
Guang Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Reading System

According to the current national conditions and the intelligent communities’ requirements on the electric energy metering system based on the broadband power line communication (PLC), this paper introduces a design program for achieving the remote meter reading through the broadband PLC technology. The system takes the high-performance single chip microcomputer and the Ethernet controller RTL8019AS as the core, the low-voltage power line as the medium of data communication, and makes the electronic meters access to the Ethernet via the broadband power line, thereby achieving the remote automatic meter reading. The multi-functional low-voltage power line remote meter reading system constituted by this system and the backstage management system together will have broad application prospects. In addition, this paper also makes a preliminary study on the reliability of the meter reading system.

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation of a HVAC System Based on a High-Performance Heat Transfer Fluid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Colangelo ◽  
Brenda Raho ◽  
Marco Milanese ◽  
Arturo de Risi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The University

Nanofluids have great potential to improve the heat transfer properties of liquids, as demonstrated by recent studies. This paper presents a novel idea of utilizing nanofluid. It analyzes the performance of a HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) system using a high-performance heat transfer fluid (water-glycol nanofluid with nanoparticles of Al2O3), in the university campus of Lecce, Italy. The work describes the dynamic model of the building and its heating and cooling system, realized through the simulation software TRNSYS 17. The use of heat transfer fluid inseminated by nanoparticles in a real HVAC system is an innovative application that is difficult to find in the scientific literature so far. This work focuses on comparing the efficiency of the system working with a traditional water-glycol mixture with the same system that uses Al2O3-nanofluid. The results obtained by means of the dynamic simulations have confirmed what theoretically assumed, indicating the working conditions of the HVAC system that lead to lower operating costs and higher COP and EER, guaranteeing the optimal conditions of thermo-hygrometric comfort inside the building. Finally, the results showed that the use of a nanofluid based on water-glycol mixture and alumina increases the efficiency about 10% and at the same time reduces the electrical energy consumption of the HVAC system.

scholarly journals Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a 3-kW PV system installation in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramhari Poudyal ◽  
Pavel Loskot ◽  
Ranjan Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Pv System

AbstractThis study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of installing a 3-kilowatt-peak (kWp) photovoltaic (PV) system in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study also analyses the importance of scaling up the share of solar energy to contribute to the country's overall energy generation mix. The technical viability of the designed PV system is assessed using PVsyst and Meteonorm simulation software. The performance indicators adopted in our study are the electric energy output, performance ratio, and the economic returns including the levelised cost and the net present value of energy production. The key parameters used in simulations are site-specific meteorological data, solar irradiance, PV capacity factor, and the price of electricity. The achieved PV system efficiency and the performance ratio are 17% and 84%, respectively. The demand–supply gap has been estimated assuming the load profile of a typical household in Kathmandu under the enhanced use of electric appliances. Our results show that the 3-kWp PV system can generate 100% of electricity consumed by a typical residential household in Kathmandu. The calculated levelised cost of energy for the PV system considered is 0.06 $/kWh, and the corresponding rate of investment is 87%. The payback period is estimated to be 8.6 years. The installation of the designed solar PV system could save 10.33 tons of CO2 emission over its lifetime. Overall, the PV systems with 3 kWp capacity appear to be a viable solution to secure a sufficient amount of electricity for most households in Kathmandu city.

Research the Test Method of the Voltage Transformer Secondary Load in the Three-Phase Three-Wire Electric Energy Metering Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3110-3115
Author(s):  
Gu Li ◽  
Zi Ming Fu ◽  
Jie Feng Yan ◽  
Bing Wen Li ◽  
Zhi Rong Cen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Secondary Load ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Definition Of

This paper analyzes and studies the definition of the voltage transformer secondary load, examines the practical purposes of the measured values of the voltage transformer secondary load, and presents a variety of testing methods to analyze and compare the differences. This paper gives the test methods of the voltage transformer secondary load when the connection of the voltage transformer is the Y / Y in a three-phase three-wire power supply system, filling the blank of this type of test method in the industry. When other units within the industry carry out such work, the conclusions of this paper are available for reference, and the conclusions of this paper can be referred when drafting relevant regulations in the future.

scholarly journals Polycrystalline SnSe with a thermoelectric figure of merit greater than the single crystal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongjian Zhou ◽  
Yong Kyu Lee ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Sejin Byun ◽  
Zhong-Zhen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tin Selenide ◽  
Tin Oxides ◽  
Thermally Conductive

AbstractThermoelectric materials generate electric energy from waste heat, with conversion efficiency governed by the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT. Single-crystal tin selenide (SnSe) was discovered to exhibit a high ZT of roughly 2.2–2.6 at 913 K, but more practical and deployable polycrystal versions of the same compound suffer from much poorer overall ZT, thereby thwarting prospects for cost-effective lead-free thermoelectrics. The poor polycrystal bulk performance is attributed to traces of tin oxides covering the surface of SnSe powders, which increases thermal conductivity, reduces electrical conductivity and thereby reduces ZT. Here, we report that hole-doped SnSe polycrystalline samples with reagents carefully purified and tin oxides removed exhibit an ZT of roughly 3.1 at 783 K. Its lattice thermal conductivity is ultralow at roughly 0.07 W m–1 K–1 at 783 K, lower than the single crystals. The path to ultrahigh thermoelectric performance in polycrystalline samples is the proper removal of the deleterious thermally conductive oxides from the surface of SnSe grains. These results could open an era of high-performance practical thermoelectrics from this high-performance material.

Based on Numerical Simulation of High-Performance Parallel Machine Muffler Experimental Calibration

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 1645-1650
Author(s):  
Gen Yin Cheng ◽  
Sheng Chen Yu ◽  
Zhi Yong Wei ◽  
Shao Jie Chen ◽  
You Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Message Passing Interface ◽  
Parallel Machine ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Experimental Calibration ◽  
The Cost

Commonly used commercial simulation software SYSNOISE and ANSYS is run on a single machine (can not directly run on parallel machine) when use the finite element and boundary element to simulate muffler effect, and it will take more than ten days, sometimes even twenty days to work out an exact solution as the large amount of numerical simulation. Use a high performance parallel machine which was built by 32 commercial computers and transform the finite element and boundary element simulation software into a program that can running under the MPI (message passing interface) parallel environment in order to reduce the cost of numerical simulation. The relevant data worked out from the simulation experiment demonstrate that the result effect of the numerical simulation is well. And the computing speed of the high performance parallel machine is 25 ~ 30 times a microcomputer.

scholarly journals Electrical Harmonic Energy Measurement Based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Reconstruction Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengshuang Liu ◽  
Xudong Shi ◽  
Chen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Energy Measurement ◽  
Fundamental Wave ◽  
Wavelet Packet Decomposition ◽  
Energy Metering

In order to study the accurate measurement of electric energy in complex industrial field, a method of harmonic electric energy measurement based on wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm, as well as the calculation formula of harmonic power and the principle of harmonic electric energy measurement are proposed. Using db42 wavelet function to carry out harmonic energy metering simulation analysis, the results show that: The fundamental frequency of the simulation signal is 50 Hz, two-layer wavelet packet transform is adopted, the simulation input signals within 40 fundamental wave cycles are taken, and the sampling frequency fs is 800 Hz. Conclusion: The three-phase harmonic energy metering device based on virtual instrument technology has realized the measurement of each harmonic active power and reactive power, and the accuracy reaches 0.2 s.

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of straw bales in achieving passive house certification (PHIUS+ 2015) in western Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Lubyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Passive House ◽  
House Design ◽  
Straw Bale ◽  
Wall System

Achieving Passive House certification requires super insulation which can significantly raise the embodied energy and carbon footprint of a project, effectively front-end loading the climate impact, especially where petrochemical foam-based products are used. This research sought to evaluate the use of straw bales - a low embodied energy, carbon sequestering agricultural by-product - to achieve PHIUS+2015 certification. A straw bale wall system was adapted to a single-family detached reference house designed to meet the Passive House standard. The wall system was evaluated for applicability across three Western Canadian cities using WUFI Passive energy simulation software to evaluate compliance; thermal bridging and hygrothermal performance were also evaluated. It was found that the proposed straw bale wall assembly satisfied the PHIUS+ 2015 requirements in all three locations - Saskatoon, Calgary, and Kelowna - with only minor changes required to the reference house design. The annual heating demand and peak heating load, the two targets most sensitive to design changes, were, respectively, 4% and 8.6% below the target in Saskatoon, 63.1% and 21.3% below in Calgary, and 63.1% and 32.6% below in Kelowna. The research also revealed that maintaining a high degree of air tightness is essential for satisfying the requirements. Overall, this research demonstrates that straw bales can be a beneficial component in creating high performance enclosures without exacting a large embodied carbon footprint.

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