IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SUBSTANTIVE HYDRO-CLIMATIC VARIABLES ON 2012 FLOOD EXTENT IN YOLA AND ENVIRONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
A. A. SADIQ
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Flood is a seasonal phenomenon which is natural in it hazardous implication and occurs when there is relative high flow over the banks of the streams as a combine consequence of  high recorded data of hydro-climatic related variables in a given geographical area.  Yola North LGA, of Adamawa state had experienced an unprecedented flood in the year 2012 over the past decade which might have been influenced by some hydro-climatic variables and caused devastating effects on lives, properties, farmland and buildings respectively. This study focused on the impact assessment of substantive hydro-climatic variables on 2012 flood event in Yola -North and its environs. The hydro-climatic variables data were obtained from Meteorological station at UBRBDA, Yola for a decade. The amount of rainfall experienced was found to be highest (1085.2mm) in the year 2012 than any other year under consideration (2008-2017) except that of 2016, number of rainy days was highest (81 days) in the year 2012. Similarly, in the month of August in the year 2012 evaporation rate was lowest with about 69 mm than any other month of August in the decade, the annual value of water discharge was highest in the year 2012 over the decade with about 6,340(m3/s), the gauge height was found to be highest with about 7.33 m in the year 2012 and the water level was highest in the month of June, July and September  with the corresponding values of 3.37 m, 3.49 m and 6.58 m compared to similar months in the years of the decade respectively. These increased changes in some hydro-climatic data analyzed might be the fundamental natural factor that causes the unique flooding than any other factor in the year 2012 in the study area and over time posed negative impact on agricultural lands.  Therefore, the study recommends the urgent need to carry out a comprehensive seasonal hydro-climatic data record simulation analysis and variations with a view of taking them as a recipe and strategies of forecasting and predicting the reoccurrence of such phenomenon. The additional meteorological station should be provided by the government agencies in all agricultural zones of the state for adequate and wide range of hydro-climatic data recording for appropriate prediction of weather indices in future.      

scholarly journals On the Effectiveness of Sampling for Evolutionary Optimization in Noisy Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qian ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Yaochu Jin ◽  
Xin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Evolutionary Optimization ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Noisy Optimization ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
True Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In real-world optimization tasks, the objective (i.e., fitness) function evaluation is often disturbed by noise due to a wide range of uncertainties. Evolutionary algorithms are often employed in noisy optimization, where reducing the negative effect of noise is a crucial issue. Sampling is a popular strategy for dealing with noise: to estimate the fitness of a solution, it evaluates the fitness multiple ([Formula: see text]) times independently and then uses the sample average to approximate the true fitness. Obviously, sampling can make the fitness estimation closer to the true value, but also increases the estimation cost. Previous studies mainly focused on empirical analysis and design of efficient sampling strategies, while the impact of sampling is unclear from a theoretical viewpoint. In this article, we show that sampling can speed up noisy evolutionary optimization exponentially via rigorous running time analysis. For the (1[Formula: see text]1)-EA solving the OneMax and the LeadingOnes problems under prior (e.g., one-bit) or posterior (e.g., additive Gaussian) noise, we prove that, under a high noise level, the running time can be reduced from exponential to polynomial by sampling. The analysis also shows that a gap of one on the value of [Formula: see text] for sampling can lead to an exponential difference on the expected running time, cautioning for a careful selection of [Formula: see text]. We further prove by using two illustrative examples that sampling can be more effective for noise handling than parent populations and threshold selection, two strategies that have shown to be robust to noise. Finally, we also show that sampling can be ineffective when noise does not bring a negative impact.

ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING NATURAL DISASTER: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The linkages between disaster and environmental damage are recognized as important to predicting, preventing and mitigating the impact of disasters. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures are well developed for non-ndisaster situations. However, they are conceptually and operationally inappropriate for use in disaster conditions, particularly in the first 120 days after the disaster has begun. The paper provides a conceptual overview of the requirements for an environmental impact assessment procedure appropriate for disaster conditions. These requirements are captured in guidelines for a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REA) for use in disasters. The REA guides the collection and assessment of a wide range of factors which can indicate: (1) the negative impacts of a disaster on the environment, (2) the impacts of environmental conditions on the magnitude of a disaster and, (3) the positive or negative impacts of relief efforts on environmental conditions. The REA also provides a foundation for recovery program EIAs, thus improving the overall post disaster recovery process. The REA is designed primarily for relief cadres, but is also expected to be usable as an assessment tool with disaster victims. The paper discusses the field testing of the REA under actual disaster conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of food availability on child mortality: a cross country comparative analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agboola Mary Oluwatoyin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the impact of food security on child mortality (infant mortality and under-five mortality), using a dynamic panel data analysis for 114 countries for the period 1995–2009 by considering a wide range of controlled variables such as income, social indicators and policy variables. The result suggests that food security has a negative impact on child mortality for all countries and even more impact on child mortality within the food insecure African countries. Therefore, based on the findings of the study; it is recommended that an increase in food security is indeed a positive policy option, particularly within the food insecure African countries, since it ensures a decrease in child mortality within these countries.  

scholarly journals The Public Health Implications of Brexit: A Health Impact Assessment Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Green
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Public Bodies

Abstract On March 29th 2019, the United Kingdom (UK) was due to exit the EU in a process known informally as ’Brexit’. This exit and entry into a 2-year transition is a period of unprecedented political and social upheaval - with many unknowns and much uncertainty attached to the outcomes and future impact. In preparation for Brexit, Public Health Wales commissioned the Wales HIA Support Unit to carry out a health impact assessment of Brexit in Wales to support and inform its and other public bodies planning and future work. This paper examines the unique HIA carried out between July and December 2018 on the impact of the UK withdrawal from the EU in Wales. It discusses the robust, participatory process undertaken, the stakeholders involved and the benefits reaped from this. It highlights the evidence gathered and analysed including the collection methods, the complex nature of the work and disseminates the main findings from the HIA including the potential determinants of health and population groups identified. Finally, it describes the challenges faced, how these were overcome, and the huge benefits, impact and influence it has had to date across a wide range of UK and Welsh organisations and public bodies. This work demonstrates continued leadership in the field of impact assessment and spearheads the requirement for public bodies to carry out HIAs as part of the forthcoming statutory requirements of the Public Health (Wales) Act 2017 an can inform practice at a global level. Key messages HIA can inform and influence action in response to important strategic decisions. The Brexit HIA is a unique example which can inform international HIA practice.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Impact of Sanctions on Russia for Oil & Gas Industry and Defence Industry Complex of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Foreign Earnings ◽  
Defence Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of the author’s research of the impact of a wide range of restrictions and prohibitions applied to theRussian Federation, used by a number of countries for their geopolitical purposes and as a means of competition. The object of study was the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the development of Oil & Gas industry and defence industry complex ofRussiain 2014–2016. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the impact of sanctions on the volume of oil and gas production, the dynamics of foreign earnings from the export of oil and gas, and of foreign earnings from the sale abroad of military and civilian products of the Russian defence industry complex (DIC). As the research method, the author used the economic analysis of the time series of statistical data presented in open statistics and literature. The author showed that some countries use the anti-Russian sanctions as a means of political, financial, economic, scientific, and technological struggle with the leadership ofRussiaand Russian economic entities. It is noteworthy that their introduction in 2014 coincided with the readiness of theUSto export gas and oil, which required a niche in the international energy market. The imposed sanctions have affected the volume of oil production inRussia, which was one of the factors of reduction of foreign earnings from the country’s oil and gas exports. However, the Russian defence industry complex has relatively well experienced the negative impact of sanctions and other non-market instruments of competition

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR BUILDING RECONSTRUCTIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kolpakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Ecological Impact Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The aim of the work was to analyze the impact on the environment during the reconstruction of buildings. This topic will be of interest to specialists considering the problems of reconstruction of buildings in general. The article assesses the negative impact on the environment of the reconstruction of a children's clinic in the city of Moscow, and also considers the general problems that arise during the reconstruction of buildings and underground structures.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS OBJECTS OF THE STATE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

MEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zachosova ◽  
Zinaida Zyvko ◽  
Oleksii Koval
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security System ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The need to form a system of economic security for the effective operation of financial institutions is determined. Peculiarities of ensuring economic security of different types of financial institutions are found out, characteristic features of functional systems of economic security of financial intermediaries are revealed. It is offered to understand the management of economic security of financial institutions as a direction of management activities aimed at achieving a high level of protection of the institution's resources from the negative impact of internal and external threats by implementing a wide range of management decisions to use available opportunities and resources while providing financial services. The basics of the mechanism of economic security management of financial institutions are formed. It is assumed that the organization of the economic security system of a financial institution is carried out in several stages, such as the formation of the economic security system, ensuring the economic security system, identification, assessment, ranking of threats, and development of countermeasures; assessing the level of readiness of institutions to implement a mechanism for managing economic security; assessment of the level of economic security, development of management decisions. It is determined that the purpose of economic security management is to achieve the maximum possible level of realization of the institution's interests and meet the interests and needs of clients with optimal resource costs to minimize the impact of threats that accompany the activities of institutions.

scholarly journals Soil Degradation Assessment in Europe, A Review of Status, Interaction and Remediation

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Jannes Stolte ◽  
Gudrun Schwilch
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

As soil formation is an extremely slow process, soil can be considered a non-renewable resource. Soils should thus be adequately protected and conserved to ensure that soil functions are not lost or diminished. Soil functions are, however, threatened by a wide range of processes. Europe’s soil resources may continue to degrade due to changes in climate, land use and other human activities. The challenge is to prevent degradation and its adverse effects on soil functions and ecosystem services, and even improve the ability of soil to perform its functions. The soil degradation processes are complex and all parts of Europe are affected by one or more soil threats to some degree. There is a lack of knowledge on, a large uncertainty in, and lack of quantitative information on understanding the interrelationships between soil threats, soil threat and soil functions, and soil and ecosystem services. A major challenge in clarifying these relationships is how to integrate information and to analyse the key interactions. To bridge this gap, we have made an approach based on a review and expert knowledge to understand and describe those interrelations. This has been described in qualitative terms, and showed that the soil functions ‘biomass production’ is affected by almost all threats, whereas the threat ‘biodiversity decline’ has a major negative impact on all functions. It also showed that both soil biodiversity and soil erosion are more or less affected by almost all other soil threats. In the RECARE project, various prevention and remediation measures were trialed. Changes in manageable soil and other natural capital properties were measured and quantified, and a methodology to assess changes in ecosystem services was developed. Overall, the results showed positive on the impacts of the measures on ecosystem services. Although methodological challenges remain, the assessment served as an input to a stakeholder valuation of ecosystem services at local and sub-national levels. Although these activities are steps towards a soil remediation strategy, there is a need for further research on the mentioned issues in order to achieve an improved overview of existing information on soil degradation at the European scale, their interactions, and effects on ecosystem services. In addition, the lack of legally binding targets limits the impact that existing policies have on reducing soil threats and protecting soil function, although various EU policy instruments have shown positive impacts even in absence of binding targets for Member States.

“Physically defective children” and their care in the first third of the 20th century: the regional aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Pavel Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Special Children ◽  
The Impact

We systematically study the practice of social protection of children with hearing and vision disabilities, as well as other categories of “physically defective” children and adolescents in the Tambov Governorate in the first third of the 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, first of all, periodicals, archival sources, memories, statistical data, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied. We summarize the domestic and foreign experience of studying the social security system of “special” children in provincial Russia. The variants of social care for children with disabilities, including in the context of charitable activities, have been clarified. The legal aspects of the regulation of physical and social defectiveness during the Soviet period are specially considered. The main stages of the charitable and public initiative to support children with disabilities are identified. Attention is drawn to the impact of the First World War of 1914–1918, revolutionary upheavals, Civil War, regional specificity and the specific historical manifestations of the care of these “special” children at the level of a particular region – Tambov Governorate. The influence of regional trends on education and training, as well as the subsequent socialization of children with hearing and vision disabilities is clarified. It is proved that the new economic policy has had a powerful negative impact on the entire system of social security of orphans, children’s homes, in fact eliminating all the positive developments and experience that has developed in the Tambov Governorate.

Comparative Exploration of Psychological Health and Subjective Well-being among Fertile and Infertile Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Ruqia Safdar Bajwa ◽  
Hamida Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Past History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Psychological health directly affects life satisfaction especially to those women who face social and family pressure about their infertility. A wide range of research studies comparing fertile and infertile women documented that there is negative impact of infertility on subjective well-being and global life satisfaction (Abbey et al., 1991, 1992; Callan, 1987; Callan& Hennessey, 1988). The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of psychological health on life satisfaction among fertile and infertile females. Through the convenience sampling technique, a sample of 310 (N=310) fertile and infertile women was selected whose age ranged between 25 to 50 years. Demographic variables included age, employment status, level of education, duration of marital life, type of marriage and family system for both fertile and infertile females. To be included in sample, Women must have been diagnosed with infertility (primary or secondary), they must not have adopted any child, and marriage duration must be at least 2 years and must not have past history of psychiatric illness. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for current psychological health and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to measure life satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics, Regression analysis, ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results have shown that psychological health has impact on life satisfaction in both fertile and infertile groups of women. Furthermore, results show that level of life satisfaction and psychological health is more prevalent in educated and employed women as compared to uneducated and unemployed women. To conclude, this study will be helpful in resolving psychological problems of the infertile females. Education can increase awareness about infertility and infertile females can meet the challenges of the society and can stand with better health and emotions.

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