scholarly journals Dietary diversity and nutritional status of pregnant women attending an ante-natal clinic in KZN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Michelle Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Interview Situation ◽  
Cato Manor ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Aim: This research aimed to establish the socio-demographic background, nutritional status, as well as food intake patterns of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy attending an antenatal clinic in Cato Manor, Durban. This study formed part of the first phase of the MRC approved study “A multi-staged multi-disciplinary healthcare approach in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality rates in a selected district in KwaZulu-Natal”, aimed at pregnant women and planned by the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Durban University of Technology. The research was conducted in South Africa in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. This study was conducted in a primary health care clinic (PHC) in Cato Manor which falls under the auspices of the eThekwini municipality. The total sample (n=300) as predetermined by the MRC approved study included all pregnant women presenting at the PHC for their first antenatal visit over a designated period until the total sample size has been reached. These women were allocated into 3 groups: Group 1 compromised of the antenatal intervention group (n=100). A total of 139 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were eligible to be accepted to be a part of the study; however, due to a low return rate and incomplete questionnaires, a final sample of 100 women were included in the study and their data was used. Methods: A valid and relevant socio-demographic questionnaire was completed in a one-on-one interview situation wherein participants would be asked to tick relevant answers pertaining to the question at hand. Information regarding income, education level, religious influences and any other questions relating to the socio demographic background of the participants were included in the questionnaire. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was also completed in a one-on-one interview situation whereby participants would be asked to tick relevant answers pertaining to the question at hand, in order to determine the food variety and food diversity intake of the participants. Participants’ dietary intake was determined through the completion of two x 24- hour recall questionnaires which were conducted in an interview situation. The two x 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed pertaining to the participant’s dietary intake during the week as well as to the participants’ dietary intake on a weekend day. Finally, participants’ anthropometric measurements were obtained through the use of a scale and stadiometer in order to measure the weight and height, respectively, of each participant and calculate the BMI (body Mass Index) of each participant. All measurements were conducted twice and the average of the two figures was used in order to ensure accuracy. Results: The majority of the participants’ role in the family was that of a daughter (72%) and they lived in a squatter camp (48%). In addition, 57% of participants shared a house with between two and five other people and the majority lived in a brick house (51%) with more than two rooms (63%). Most of the women were unemployed at the time of research (65%) and received a total monthly income of <R1500 a month (67%; n=43) with only one other person contributing to the monthly income (60%; n=59). Food insecurity was prevalent among some participants as 25% (n=24) reported sometimes not having enough money in the month to buy food and 40% of the participants spent <R500 a month on food. Furthermore, standard 10 (matric) was the highest level of education completed by most participants (48%) and Zulu was the most spoken language among the group (49%). The majority of the participants had a normal BMI (40%) whereas 28% were considered overweight and 20% fell within obese class I. In addition, according to blood pressure measuring instruments, most participants had a normal systolic (82%) and diastolic (65%) blood pressure with a low prevalence of both low and high blood pressure. The total range of individual food items consumed by an individual during the seven-day data collection period measured by the (FFQ) was between six and 62 foods. Fifty-two percent of participants consumed all nine food groups and a summary of the food variety within the food groups of the pregnant women was a mean of 31.02 (SD11.029) different foods within the nine food groups in a seven-day period which indicates a medium food variety score (FVS). Furthermore, the cereal group reported the highest individual mean FVS (±SD) of 6.60 (±3.000), followed by the vegetable group 4.56 (±2.217) and the meat group with a mean of 4.51 (±2.011). The nutrient analysis indicated a deficient intake of all nutrients with the exception of phosphorous, vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin K. The mean (SD) for carbohydrates was 191.82g (SD±68.718) which indicated that all participants met the EAR of 135g per day; however, the energy contribution indicated that 95% of participants consumed <100 percent of the EER for energy. Furthermore, the findings from the Top 20 food items measured by the 24-hour recall questionnaires indicated that pregnant women in the Cato Manor community consumed a largely carbohydrate-based diet as starchy food were the top three consumed. Protein-based foods, dairy, as well and fruit and vegetables had a very low consumption rate with the per capita intake of fruit and vegetables of 165.73g per day being significantly lower than the WHO goal of ≥400g, and the mean intake of 12.55g of dietary fibre was less than half of the recommended amount of 25g per day. However, the energy distribution of the macronutrients from the average of both 24-Hour Recalls indicated that the pregnant women were in the range of 15-30 percent of the total fat intake, 10-15 percent of the total protein intake and 55- 75 percent of the total carbohydrate intake.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association with Size of Offspring at Birth and One Year of Age (P11-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Tyagi ◽  
G S Toteja ◽  
Neena Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake ◽  
Slum Population

Abstract Objectives In resource poor countries like India pregnant women are prone to inadequate dietary intake which causes macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies and consequently leads to low‐birth weight infants with higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Present study was planned with the following objectives: To assess dietary intake of pregnant women during third trimester.To correlate maternal dietary intake with size of infants at birth and at one year of age. Methods This longitudinal study was carried out among slum population of Delhi. Dietary intake data was obtained from 144 pregnant women during pregnancy (gestational age > 28 weeks) using 24 hr recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pregnant women were followed upto delivery and birth size (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) of infants was measured within 72 hours of birth. Infants were followed quarterly upto one year of age for anthropometric measurements. For statistical analysis One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used. Results Food consumption data revealed that average consumption of all food groups was lower than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and percentage adequacy was poor for cereals (96.25%), pulses (51.3%), green leafy vegetables (24.4%), other vegetables (42.5%), fruits (34.8%) and milk and milk products (36.9%).Median intake for all the nutrients was also found lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Percentage adequacy was alsopoor for energy (70.4%), protein (61.0%), thiamine (70.8%), riboflavin (28.6%), niacin (54.9%), B6 (41.6%), folates (35.1%), ascorbic acid (99.4%), retinol (16.2%), calcium (33.6%), iron (28.6%), magnesium (90.1%), and zinc (57.8%).Maternal food group intake and nutrient intake during pregnancy were found significantly correlated with weight, length and MUAC of infants at birth but not at 12 months of age. Even though birth weight and weight at 12 months increased consistently with increase in maternal energy and protein adequacy, this association was not significant at 12 months of age. Conclusions Dietary intake of pregnant women was lower than the recommended dietary intake among slum population of Delhi. Maternal dietary intake was found significantly associated with size of infants at birth. Funding Sources Indian Council Of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

scholarly journals Maternal first-trimester dietary intake and childhood blood pressure: the Generation R Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leontine C. L. van den Hil ◽  
H. Rob Taal ◽  
Layla. L. de Jonge ◽  
Denise H. M. Heppe ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Later Life ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase

Suboptimal maternal dietary intake during pregnancy might lead to fetal cardiovascular adaptations and higher blood pressure in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of maternal first-trimester dietary intake with blood pressure in children at the age of 6 years. We assessed first-trimester maternal daily dietary intake by a FFQ and measured folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12 concentrations in the blood, in a population-based prospective cohort study among 2863 mothers and children. Childhood systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured using a validated automatic sphygmomanometer. First-trimester maternal daily intake of energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate was not associated with childhood blood pressure. Furthermore, maternal intake of micronutrients was not associated with childhood blood pressure. Also, higher maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure (0·31 mmHg per standard deviation increase in vitamin B12 (95 % CI 0·06, 0·56)). After taking into account multiple testing, none of the associations was statistically significant. Maternal first-trimester folate and homocysteine concentrations were not associated with childhood blood pressure. The results from the present study suggest that maternal Fe intake and vitamin B12 concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy might affect childhood blood pressure, although the effect estimates were small and were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to assess whether these differences in blood pressure persist in later life.

scholarly journals Food security and coping strategies of a rural community within the Valley of a Thousand Hills

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leigh Felt
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Food security is a global concern and the insecurity thereof is prevalent in South Africa even though the country is deemed to be secure in terms of food availability. The study was conducted to determine the socio-economic, health and nutrition and food security status of the community living in the Valley of a Thousand Hills in KwaZulu Natal, in addition to analysing their coping strategies. Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were required to participate in this study. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires; socio demographic questionnaires, dietary intake questionnaires- namely 24 hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the coping strategy questionnaires were used. Lastly anthropometric measurements were taken to determine BMI. A prevalence of extreme poverty exists as a magnitude of the high unemployment rate, out of which 75.8% had been unemployed for more than 3 years. The household monthly income was less than R500 per month for 37.3% of the respondents. The mean Food Variety Scores (FVS) (±SD) for all foods consumed from the food groups during seven days was 22.45 (±10.32), indicating a low food variety score. In this study the food group diversity is summarized as the majority of the respondents (91.1%, n=226) being classified with a good dietary diversity score using 6-9 food groups. The mean of the three 24-Hour recall nutrient analysis indicated a deficient intake by both men and women in all of the nutrients (100% of the men and women could not meet the DRI’s for energy and calcium) except for the mean (±SD) carbohydrate intake by men aged 19-50 (214.71 ± 80.22). The main source of food intake was from the carbohydrate food group with an insufficient intake of animal products, dairy products and fruits and vegetables respectively; contributing to the macro and micro nutrient inadequacies. Ninety six percent of this community experienced some level of food insecurity with the worst Coping Strategy Index food insecurity score being 117 out of a possible 175. Four percent of this community was classified as being food secure. Overweight and obesity were the most exceptional anthropometric features by the women respondents with 26.5% (n=66) being overweight and 57% (n=142) obese. The men’s anthropometric features were predominantly normal weight. This study has established poverty and unemployment as being the principal contributors for the food insecurity experienced by the populace and poor dietary intakes. The low food variety diet consumed by the respondents resulted in the DRI’s not achieved for most nutrients. The majority of the respondents only consumed two meals a day, as a coping strategy to reduce/prevent temporary food insecurity. Intervention strategies are needed to improve the food security status and dietary intake of the community members to overcome the crisis of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Study of the relationship between the parameters of complex prenatal screening of the first trimester of pregnancy with a risk of the most common aneuploidies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
V. I. Oshovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Complex prenatal screening of the first trimester remains the most accessible and effective way of stratifying the risks of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in the general population, which has satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Over the last decade, due to including additional parameters (average pulsation index of blood flow in the uterine arteries, average blood pressure, placental growth factor concentration, obstetric and somatic anamnesis data), it has also become a tool for determining obstetric risks. The objective: to study the effect of these additional parameters on the accuracy of predicting the most common aneuploidies was made. Materials and methods. The cohort included 2164 pregnant women at 11+0 – 13+6 weeks of gestation, who underwent extended complex screening of the first trimester, which aimed to determine the risk of trisomy on the 21st, 13th and 18th chromosomes in the fetus and calculation risk of perinatal complications, namely: premature birth, preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Results. It was found that the history of miscarriage at 13–22 weeks of pregnancy (P=0,0006), increased resistance in the uterine arteries (P=0,0307), decreased concentration of placental growth factor (P=<0,0001) and increased mean blood pressure (P=0,0125) correlate with a high risk of trisomy of chromosome 21. Type I diabetes mellitus in pregnant women (P=0,0477) correlates with an increased risk of trisomy on chromosome 18. The concentration of placental growth factor (P=<0,0001) correlates with an increased risk of trisomy on chromosome 13. Conclusions. The data obtained require detailed analysis in the context of the possibility of optimizing mathematical models for predicting aneuploidy, as well as studying the relationship between markers of trophoblast invasion and chromosomal pathology of the fetus to better understand the mechanisms of first trimester fetal loss and placental dysfunction in the second half of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Maternal serum selenium as a predictor of preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Vismaya Kaveri ◽  
Manjula S. K. ◽  
Sheela C. N. ◽  
Anura Kurpad ◽  
Pratibha Dwarkanath
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
National High Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Selenium Levels

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertension disorder condition occurring in 7-10% of all pregnancies. Preeclampsia if unidentified and left untreated is associated with poor maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. The objective of the present study was to characterize maternal serum selenium levels as a predictor of preeclampsia and to correlate dietary selenium intake with serum selenium levels in first trimester of pregnancyMethods: A retrospective case-control study of 107 pregnant women was conducted over 1.5 years at St. John’s Medical College Hospital. On screening for inclusion criteria, at baseline, information on maternal socio-demography, anthropometry, dietary intake and clinical examination was collected. A venous blood sample at baseline and 2nd or 3rdtrimester of pregnancy was collected for estimation of selenium concentrations. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and followed up during pregnancy to select cases and controls. Pregnant women were termed ‘cases’ based on NHBPEP (National High Blood Pressure Education Program) classification and subsequent 22 women with normal blood pressure controlled for age were termed as ‘controls.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for baseline characteristics, biochemical parameters and blood pressure at recruitment among cases and controls. Cases had significant lower levels of energy (P=0.032) and micronutrients like zinc (P=0.027), selenium (P=0.022), magnesium (P=0.047) at first trimester. The serum selenium levels were significantly higher in cases as compared to the controls (69.2±13.7 vs. 59.6±12.9; P=0.021) at baseline.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum selenium levels may not be an independent predictor of preeclampsia. Assessment of other micronutrients, oxidative stress markers and other complementary elements may be useful in predicting preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Blood Pressure during the First Trimester of Pregnancy in relation to the MTHFR C677T Polymorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Psara ◽  
E. O'Sullivan ◽  
K. Pentieva ◽  
M. Ward ◽  
G. Horigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Riboflavin Status ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractThe common C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene encoding the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is implicated in hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertension affects up to 15% of all pregnancies and has been identified as a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously reported higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant women with the variant MTHFR 677TT genotype compared to CT/CC genotypes. In addition, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in non-pregnant hypertensive adults from our Centre demonstrated that supplemental riboflavin (co-factor for MTHFR) lowers BP specifically in those with the TT genotype. However, the role of this common folate polymorphism and its interaction with riboflavin during pregnancy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MTHFR genotype and riboflavin status on BP in pregnancy. Data were generated from the ongoing Optimal Nutrition for the Prevention of Hypertension (OptiPREG) project. Pregnant women were recruited at the end of the first trimester from antenatal clinics in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland. Participants were screened for MTHFR genotype and BP was measured according to current clinical guidelines. Biomarker status of riboflavin was determined using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac), a functional assay with higher EGRac values representing a lower status. Overall, 117 (11.6%) participants were identified with the variant MTHFR 677TT genotype. Both systolic and diastolic BP decreased from 8th to 16th gestational week (GW), however, this typical BP pattern was not observed in the TT genotype group. After adjusting for maternal age, GW and body mass index, women with the TT genotype at 12th GW had higher mean systolic (P 0.035) and diastolic (P 0.034) BP. When the results at the 12th GW were stratified by riboflavin status, the BP phenotype owing to this polymorphism was evident only among women with lower status (i.e. EGRac > 1.30), with mean (SEM) systolic BP of 120.4 (3.1) mmHg compared to 112.6 (2.5) mmHg in those with higher status (EGRac ≤ 1.30) within the TT genotype group; in contrast, low versus high riboflavin status had no impact on BP in CT/CC genotype groups. These results suggest that MTHFR genotype influences BP during pregnancy and that riboflavin can exert an important modulating effect on BP in women with TT genotype. An RCT is required to fully investigate the role of MTHFR genotype and its interactive effect with riboflavin in BP during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The potential of a Web-based, Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool (Foodbook24) for National Nutrition Surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M. Timon ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Eileen R. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Web Based ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Daily Intakes

BACKGROUND There are many constraints to conducting national food consumption surveys for the purposes of national nutrition surveillance including cost, time and participant burden. Validated Web-based dietary assessment technologies offer a potential solution to many if these constraints. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the feasibility of using a previously validated, Web-based 24-hour recall dietary assessment tool (Foodbook24) for the purposes of nutrition surveillance by comparing the demographic characteristics and the quality of dietary intake data collected from an online cohort of participants in Ireland to the most recent Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). METHODS Irish adult participants (aged 18 and over) were recruited to use Foodbook24 (Web-based tool). Demographic and dietary intake (by means of 2 non-consecutive self-administered 24-hour recalls) data was collected using Foodbook24. Following completion of the study, the dietary intake data collected were statistically weighted to represent the population of participants that completed the National Adult and Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2011) to facilitate the controlled comparison of intake data. Demographic characteristics of survey respondents were investigated using descriptive statistics in SPSS V20. The controlled comparison of weighted mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the Foodbook24 Web-based study (n= 329 plausible reporters) and the mean daily nutrient intake data collected from NANS (n=1051 plausible reporters) was conducted using the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney U-test in Creme Nutrition® software. RESULTS The results of this analysis highlight many differences between the demographic characteristics between both sets of survey participants. Notable differences included a lower proportion of adults aged 65 years and over and a higher proportion of females participated in the Web-based Foodbook24 study relative to the NANS study. Similar ranges of mean daily intakes for the majority of nutrients and food groups were observed (e.g. Energy (kcal/day) and Carbohydrate (g/day)), although significant differences for some nutrient (e.g. Riboflavin (mg/10MJ) and Vitamin B12 (µg/10MJ)) and food groups were identified. A high proportion of participants (47%) reported a willingness to continue to use Foodbook24 for an additional 6-month period. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that by using targeted recruitment strategies in the future to ensure the recruitment of a more representative sample, there is potential for Web-based methodologies such as Foodbook24 to be used for nutrition surveillance efforts in Ireland. CLINICALTRIAL n/a

scholarly journals Correlation Between Serum Biochemical Markers and Early Amniocentesis in Diagnosis of Congenital Fetal Anomalies

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Lončar ◽  
Mirjana Varjačić ◽  
Tanja Novaković ◽  
Dragan Milovanović ◽  
Slobodan Janković
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Combined Test

A combined test performed at the 12th week of gestation enables us to classify the pregnancy as high risk (risk higher than 1:300) or low risk (risk lower than 1:300) for congenital foetal anomalies, with great accuracy of 85 - 90%. According to the available data, the frequency of false positive results is estimated at around 5%. The objective of the study was to examine possible correlation between the serum marker values and amniocentesis results in prenatal diagnostics of congenital foetal anomalies. The study included 745 pregnant women monitored by the Genetic Counselling Service of the Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Clinics Centre Kragujevac. The subjects were included in the study under condition that CRL (embryonic crown-rump length) was from 45 to 84 mm and that the gestational age was at 11-13+6 weeks. Free β HCG and PAPP-A were determined from venous blood using commercial DPS-USA tests. Tests were based on the analytic principle of the immuno-chemiluminescence technique and were performed by application of the automatic Immulite 2000 analyzer by DPC-USA. The foetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and CRL were measured by Colour Doppler. The chromosome identification was performed after a certain number of cell divisions by stopping the cell division in metaphase of mitosis when the chromosomes were the most distinguishable. The foetal karyotype was prepared using G bands. In the total sample of pregnant women (n=745), there were six cases of pathological foetal karyotype. A statistical paradox in the frequency of congenital foetal anomalies in favour of younger population was noticed. A high coefficient of Spearman’s rank correlation suggests great importance of the combined test in the detection of congenital foetal anomalies (p<0,05). A high consistency was also proved for components of biochemical screening and ultrasonographic markers. The combined test, as a method of prenatal screening in the first trimester of pregnancy, if used at 11 - 13+6 weeks’ gestation and for CRL of 45-84 mm, has a great importance in the detection of congenital foetal anomalies.

scholarly journals Dietary intake in pregnant women in a Spanish Mediterranean area: as good as it is supposed to be?

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L Rodríguez-Bernal ◽  
Rosa Ramón ◽  
Joan Quiles ◽  
Mario Murcia ◽  
Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveTo assess food and nutrient intakes and compliance with nutritional recommendations in pregnant women according to selected sociodemographic characteristics.DesignCross-sectional study based on data from the INMA-Valencia cohort (Spain), which recruited pregnant women between 2004 and 2005. Information on maternal sociodemographics and anthropometry was collected. Dietary intake was assessed through an FFQ. Intakes of foods were compared with Spanish food-based dietary guidelines. Intake inadequacy for nutrients was assessed using the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US Institute of Medicine.SettingValencia, Spain.SubjectsWe studied 822 pregnant women who had information on dietary intake during their first trimester of pregnancy.ResultsMore than 50 % of pregnant women did not meet the guidelines for cereals and legumes; reported intakes of carbohydrates, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were below recommendations and exceeded the total fat intake according to dietary references. Dietary inadequacy for folate, Fe and vitamin E ranged from 99 % to 68 %. Vegetable intake was related to age only. Younger and less educated women showed lower intakes of protein and n-3 fatty acids and higher intakes of trans-fatty acids as well as greater inadequacy for micronutrients. Spanish women reported lower intakes of fruit and carbohydrates and higher intakes of protein, total fat, SFA, MUFA and n-3 fatty acids compared with their foreign-born counterparts.ConclusionsWomen in the studied area have inadequate intakes of several nutrients relevant during pregnancy. Age, education and country of origin are factors significantly related to dietary intake and adequacy.

scholarly journals Self-Identified Vegetarian Pregnant Women in India Have Better Diets Than Self-Identified Non-Vegetarian Women Because of the Intersections of Caste and Economic Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 508-508
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bellows ◽  
Shivani Kachwaha ◽  
Purnima Menon ◽  
Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Abstract Objectives Poor dietary intake during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern affecting the health of the mother and fetus. This study examines the adequacy of energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes among vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women. Methods We analyzed dietary data from 627 pregnant women enrolled at baseline from an Alive &Thrive maternal nutrition program in Uttar Pradesh, India. Dietary intake was assessed using a multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall. We compared differences between vegetarian and non-vegetarian women in dietary diversity (calculated using the minimum dietary diversity for women guidelines), probability of adequacy, and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) for 11 micronutrients. Results Women who identified themselves as vegetarians (∼47%) were more likely to have higher education and socioeconomic status, and belong to upper caste groups than non-vegetarians. Average dietary diversity score was 4 out of 10 food groups for both groups. Vegetarian women were more likely to meet the MDD-W cutoff of five or more food groups compared to non-vegetarian women (39.2% compared to 32.4% respectively) (P &lt; 0.05). Average MPA for vegetarians was 20% (SD:15.3) compared to 17% (SD:13.7) for non-vegetarian group (P = 0.02). In both groups, median intake of 9 out of 11 micronutrients was below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Only zinc and thiamin had a median intake slightly above EAR. Starchy staple foods accounted for 62.4% of total energy for vegetarians and 69.1% for non-vegetarians. Dairy foods were an important source of fat, calcium, and vitamin B12 for both groups. Among non-vegetarian women, consumption of animal source foods was low (&lt;8%). Conclusions Vegetarian women were more likely to have probability of nutrient adequacy and diet diversity during pregnancy than non-vegetarian women, but these differences are likely confounded by socio-economic and caste status. Since diets are poor for both groups, a range of policies and interventions that address the food environment, nutrition counseling during pregnancy, behavior change, and supplementation are needed in order to achieve adequate nutrient intake for pregnant women in this population. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360.

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