scholarly journals CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS AS A СAUSE OF DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Lyzikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The review deals with the main role of chronic endometritis in the genesis of disorders of the female reproductive function and reveals the etiologic risk factors for the development and starting mechanism of chronic inflammatory processes in the endometrium, features of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of chronic endometritis. The work shows the importance of diagnosis of chronic endometritis with immunohistochemical method, reasonability of immunohistochemical research for the assessment of receptor expression and expressiveness of local immunity in the endometrium, the necessity of detection of fertility alpha-2-microglobulin (AMGF) protein for prediction of reproductive disorders.

Chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis-associated infertility

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mekan R. Orazov ◽  
Victor E. Radzinsky ◽  
Snezhana V. Volkova ◽  
Marina B. Khamoshina ◽  
Ludmila M. Mikhaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

The article highlights modern ideas about the role of the endometrium in the genesis of reproductive failures. A crucial place of chronic endometritis in the structure of the endometrial infertility factor in endometriosis is noted. Given the frequent association of chronic endometritis and endometriosis, common features of these diseases have been identified. The characteristic of endometrial microbiota in infertility, chronic endometritis and endometriosis is given. An extremely important area of scientific research is precisely the interaction between the microbiota of the endometrium and its immunity, and not just the confirmation of the presence of microorganisms in the endometrium. The modern aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic endometritis and endometriosis are described. The main pathogenetic determinants of chronic endometritis are the failure of adaptation mechanisms to the constant effects of microbes and, as a consequence, the decrease and inferiority of the immune response and the development of autoimmune reactions. The modern paradigm for the development and progression of endometriosis involves the presence of bacterial contamination of the endometrium and the abdominal cavity, which in turn becomes a trigger for genetically-epigenetic modifications of cells, launching different cascades that underlie reproductive function disorders. The pathogenetically significant relationship between chronic endometritis and endometriosis is highlighted. It was revealed that chronic endometritis can be both a cause and a consequence of endometriosis. Disorders of the endometrial receptivity in chronic endometritis associated with endometriosis, their importance in the implementation of endometrial infertility are described. The important role of the microbiome in the formation of reproductive disorders is noted.

scholarly journals GnRH Receptor Expression and Reproductive Function Depend on JUN in GnRH Receptor‒Expressing Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1496-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie R Jonak ◽  
Nancy M Lainez ◽  
Ulrich Boehm ◽  
Djurdjica Coss
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. LH and FSH are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and unique β-subunits, which provide biological specificity and are limiting components of mature hormone synthesis. Gonadotrope cells respond to GnRH via specific expression of the GnRH receptor (Gnrhr). GnRH induces the expression of gonadotropin genes and of the Gnrhr by activation of specific transcription factors. The JUN (c-Jun) transcription factor binds to AP-1 sites in the promoters of target genes and mediates induction of the FSHβ gene and of the Gnrhr in gonadotrope-derived cell lines. To analyze the role of JUN in reproductive function in vivo, we generated a mouse model that lacks JUN specifically in GnRH receptor‒expressing cells (conditional JUN knockout; JUN-cKO). JUN-cKO mice displayed profound reproductive anomalies such as reduced LH levels resulting in lower gonadal steroid levels, longer estrous cycles in females, and diminished sperm numbers in males. Unexpectedly, FSH levels were unchanged in these animals, whereas Gnrhr expression in the pituitary was reduced. Steroidogenic enzyme expression was reduced in the gonads of JUN-cKO mice, likely as a consequence of reduced LH levels. GnRH receptor‒driven Cre activity was detected in the hypothalamus but not in the GnRH neuron. Female, but not male, JUN-cKO mice exhibited reduced GnRH expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GnRH receptor‒expression levels depend on JUN and are critical for reproductive function.

scholarly journals Possible Relationship between Long-Term Adverse Health Effects of Gonad-Removing Surgical Sterilization and Luteinizing Hormone in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Kutzler
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Neoplastic Tissues

Spaying and neutering dogs is commonly used to prevent the birth of unwanted animals and eliminate the risk of reproductive diseases. However, removal of the gonads prevents the feedback of estrogen and testosterone on the pituitary and hypothalamus. As a result, luteinizing hormone (LH) is continuously elevated at supraphysiologic concentrations. Although the main role of LH is for reproductive function (e.g., ovulation), there are LH receptors present in several normal tissues including the thyroid and adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, cranial cruciate ligament and round ligament, and lymphocytes. In addition, there are LH receptors present in several neoplastic tissues (e.g., lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, mastocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and osteosarcoma). The role of LH receptors in non-reproductive normal and neoplastic tissues is not known but may stimulate nitric oxide release and induce cell division. The precise etiology of the increased incidence of several non-reproductive long-term health complications following spaying and neutering is not known but may be related to LH receptor activation in these non-reproductive target tissues. How these effects may be mediated is described in this review.

Inflammation and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Stevens ◽  
Karen M.J. Douglas ◽  
Athanasios N. Saratzis ◽  
George D. Kitas
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associates with increased cardiovascular mortality. This appears to be predominantly due to ischaemic causes, such as myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. The higher prevalence of cardiac ischaemia in RA is thought to be due to the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. There are two main reasons for this, which might be inter-related: the systemic inflammatory load, characteristic of RA; and the accumulation in RA of classical risk factors for coronary heart disease, which is reminiscent of the metabolic syndrome. We describe and discuss in the context of RA the involvement of local and systemic inflammatory processes in the development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, as well as the role of individual risk factors for coronary heart disease. We also present the challenges facing the clinical and scientific communities addressing this problem, which is receiving increasing attention.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
John L. Carroll ◽  
Gerald M. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Main Role ◽  
High Risk Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position

The causes of SIDS are unknown, and there are no tests that predict which infants will die of SIDS. Home monitoring, while it may prevent death in some high-risk infant populations, has not altered the overall incidence of SIDS. Studies have identified several important risk factors, such as prematurity, low birth-weight, inadequate prenatal care, maternal smoking, maternal anemia, and poor socioeconomic conditions. Other recent studies have raised important questions about child care practices, such as infant sleeping position. Still others raise equally important questions about the role of neglect or intentional injury, which now must become the subject of proper scientific investigation. The possibility that underlying metabolic defects may account for a substantial proportion of cases has been raised but requires verification. A common thread is evident: There are risk factors, such as maternal smoking and infant sleeping position, that could be subject to preventive intervention strategies. Approximately 200 new articles are published on the topic of SIDS every year. The pediatrician must have the necessary perspective to incorporate these into the "big picture." Because the main role of the pediatrician involves support, advice, and counseling of parents of present SIDS victims and future siblings, a strong knowledge base is essential. The pediatrician also can serve as an advocate for future children by insisting [See table in the PDF file] on the full and proper investigation of every SIDS case. Although we will never eliminate sudden unexplained death during childhood, we can at least hope, through better diagnosis of treatable conditions and improved preventive intervention strategies, to whittle away this diagnosis of exclusion to its minimum possible incidence.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MICROBIOCENOSIS OF THE VAGINAL TRACT AND ITS ROLE IN INITIATING THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE ENDOMETRIUM IN WOMEN WITH REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ирина Данусевич ◽  
Irina Danusevich ◽  
Елена Иванова ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Исай Михалевич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Vaginal Tract ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Histological Confirmation

Background. Microbiological disorders in the genital tract predispose to the development of chronic pelvic diseases and subsequently worsen the prognosis for reproductive function, causing infertility, miscarriage. Aims: study of the microbiocenosis of the vaginal tract and its role in initiating inflammatory process in endometrium in women with reproductive disorders. Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients with reproductive disorders with histological confirmation of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis and 50 patients with reproductive disorders without chronic endometritis. Mi- crobiological studies of the biotope of the vagina were carried out according to the guidelines. The counting of immune cells was carried out in peripheral blood with flow cytofluorimeter. Methods of mathematical statistics implemented in the application package Statistica 6.1 (StatSoft Inc., USA) were used in the study. Used criteria were Student’s t-test and Fisher criterion with a significance level less than 5 % (p ≤ 0.05). Results and conclusions. Conditionally pathogenic microflora in women with chronic endometritis in the cervical ca- nal is represented by candidiasis, herpesviruses, ureaplasma and facultative-anaerobically positive microorganisms. Candida, obligate-anaerobic gram-negative, and facultative anaerobic gram-positive microorganisms predominated in the endometrium. The secondary immunodeficiency state is characterized by suppressor activity of T-lymphocytes; the decrease in mi- crobicide activity of blood, pronounced inhibition of the humoral link of the immune system. Violations of the balance of the indigenous and conditionally pathogenic microflora accompanied by a secondary immunodeficiency may be the initiator of chronic inflammation in the endometrium.

scholarly journals Risk factors of the fungal urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
N. V. Sturov ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
I. Yu. Shmelkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tract Infections

The role of fungi as causative agents of infections is growing. In in-patients, especially at intensive care units, fungal infections might cause serious problems. Studies conducted over recent years shows an increase of fungi detection in urine in in-patients from 5,01 up to 10,63%. Most often, the appearance of fungi in the urine connected with contamination or colonization of the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this could be the part of urinary tract infection and even of disseminated fungal process. Candida is the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections. At the same time, the presence of Candida in urine (candiduria) not always comes with clinical signs of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Detection of noCandida albicans agents in urine is increasing, new Candida species revealed are resistant to antifungal drugs so risk of complications is increasing. Recent researches reveal new mechanisms of how Candida interacts with the bacteria that cause urinary infections. The main mechanisms of Candida virulence factors are dimorphism, adhesion proteins — Als1-7,9 and Gls, invasion enzymes — phospholipase, Als3 and Ssa1, as well as enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species. The most significant risk factors of fungal urinary tract infection are the presence of a urinary catheter, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and previous antibiotic intake. The study of the formation process of the cellular and immune response to Candida makes it possible to identify the main links in the pathogenesis of urinary tract candidiasis, as well as the main role of immunosuppression in the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Role Of Vitamin D And Adipose Tissue Hormones In Women With Reproductive Disorders

Folia Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Presiyana V. Nyagolova ◽  
Mitko D. Mitkov ◽  
Maria M. Orbetsova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The role of vitamin D beyond that it plays in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis has been lately quite emphasized. In this respect, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and reproductive disorders. Growing evidence has suggested that vitamin D deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the development of metabolic disorders in the polycystic ovary syndrome. The goal of the review is to present contemporary concepts of the relationship between hormones affecting the metabolic body status, serum vitamin D levels and the reproductive function.

scholarly journals Kinin Peptides Enhance Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Promoting Apoptosis in a Parkinson’s Disease Cellular Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Niewiarowska-Sendo ◽  
Andrzej Kozik ◽  
Ibeth Guevara-Lora
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cellular Model ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Kinin Receptors ◽  
Kinin Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Kinin peptides ubiquitously occur in nervous tissue and participate in inflammatory processes associated with distinct neurological disorders. These substances have also been demonstrated to promote the oxidative stress. On the other hand, the importance of oxidative stress and inflammation has been emphasized in disorders that involve the neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). A growing number of reports have demonstrated the increased expression of kinin receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the effect of bradykinin and des-Arg10-kallidin, two representative kinin peptides, was analyzed with respect to inflammatory response and induction of oxidative stress in a PD cellular model, obtained after stimulation of differentiated SK-N-SH cells with a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Kinin peptides caused an increased cytokine release and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and NO by cells. These changes were accompanied by a loss of cell viability and a greater activation of caspases involved in apoptosis progression. Moreover, the neurotoxin and kinin peptides altered the dopamine receptor 2 expression. Kinin receptor expression was also changed by the neurotoxin. These results suggest a mediatory role of kinin peptides in the development of neurodegeneration and may offer new possibilities for its regulation by using specific antagonists of kinin receptors.

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