scholarly journals Attitude as an Expressible Info-Operational Reaction to a Perceived/Purposed Object/Objective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Information ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Controversial Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The definition of the psychological concept of attitude is still a controversial problem, and the scholars have not yet reached a consensus on this important issue. The attitude is defined in various ways, as a mental and emotional “construct” not directly detectable, or as a “psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity”. However, as attitude is an achievement of the mind during the exploration of reality, it is naturally to approach first of all the nature of mind and the relation with the cognition processes from the informational perspective. Therefore, in this paper it is investigated the concept of attitude from a completely new point of view, starting from the informational nature of consciousness. It is shown that the informational structure of consciousness can be fully described by the activity of seven distinct cognitive centers and the attitude can be defined actually as an informational reactive output with respect to an object/objective either perceived or mentally proposed. The attitude is thus the result of a decisional info-processing of an input internal or external information, expressible by the specific informational center managed by the brain associated with this activity, defined suggestively as I want. It is shown that attitude is consequently a function of all other six centers, which intervene in the decisional process as decisional criteria or as priority contributing components, and these centers can become dominant or inactive. In agreement with some previous studies and with the neuro-connections of specific regions of the brain, it is shown that emotions contribute to attitude, but also the personal state, the inherited predispositions, the social interactions, the life experience and the trust in the objective, if this is a proposed project. Associated with the attitude, behavior is different, depending on all cognitive centers.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

scholarly journals Seven Computations of the Social Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaz Molapour ◽  
Cindy C Hagan ◽  
Brian Silston ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Maxwell Ramstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The social environment presents the human brain with the most complex of information processing demands. The computations that the brain must perform occur in parallel, combine social and nonsocial cues, produce verbal and non-verbal signals, and involve multiple cognitive systems; including memory, attention, emotion, learning. This occurs dynamically and at timescales ranging from milliseconds to years. Here, we propose that during social interactions, seven core operations interact to underwrite coherent social functioning; these operations accumulate evidence efficiently – from multiple modalities – when inferring what to do next. We deconstruct the social brain and outline the key components entailed for successful human social interaction. These include (1) social perception; (2) social inferences, such as mentalizing; (3) social learning; (4) social signaling through verbal and non-verbal cues; (5) social drives (e.g., how to increase one’s status); (6) determining the social identity of agents, including oneself; and (7) minimizing uncertainty within the current social context by integrating sensory signals and inferences. We argue that while it is important to examine these distinct aspects of social inference, to understand the true nature of the human social brain, we must also explain how the brain integrates information from the social world.

Еnactivist Criticism of the Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Anastasia O. Shabalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Person Experience

The article considers the main arguments against the neurobiological theory of consciousness from the point of view of the enactivist approach within the philosophy of mind. The neurobiological theory of consciousness, which reduces consciousness to neural activity, is currently the dominant approach to the mind-body problem. The neurobiological theory emerged as a result of advances in research on the phenomena of consciousness and through the development of technologies for visualizing the internal processes of mind. However, at the very heart of this theory, there is a number of logical contradictions. The non-reductive enactivist approach to consciousness, introduced in this article, contributes to the existing argumentation against the reduction of consciousness to neural processes with remonstrations that take into account the modern neuroscientific data. The article analyzes the argumentation of the sensorimotor enactivism developed by A. Noe and offers the account of the teleosemantic approach to the concept of information provided by R. Cao. The key problems of the neurobiological theory of consciousness are highlighted, and the objections emerging within the framework of the enactivist approach are analyzed. Since the main concepts on which the neural theory is based are the concepts of neural substrate, cognition as representation, and information as a unit of cognition, the author of the article presents three key enactivist ideas that oppose them. First, the enactivist concept of cognition as action allows us to consider the first-person experience as a mode of action, and not as a state of the brain substrate. Second, the article deals with the “explanatory externalism” argument proposed by Noe, who refutes the image of cognition as a representation in the brain. Finally, in order to critically revise the concept of information as a unit of cognition, the author analyzes Cao’s idea, which represents a teleosemantic approach, but is in line with the general enactivist argumentation. Cao shows that the application of the concept “information” to neural processes is problematic: no naturalized information is found in the brain as a physical substrate. A critical revision of beliefs associated with the neural theory of consciousness leads us to recognize that there are not enough grounds for reducing consciousness to processes that take place in the brain. That is why Noe calls expectations that the visualization of processes taking place in the brain with the help of the modern equipment will be able to depict the experience of consciousness the “new phrenology”, thus indicating the naive character of neural reduction. The article concludes that natural science methods are insufficient for the study of consciousness.

Where Does Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index Come From?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cevolini
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Filing Cabinet ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enlightenment Project ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Social Use ◽  
The Mind

Thanks to a grant of the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste, Bielefeld University has started a fifteen-year project (2015–2030) that includes the production of a critical edition of Niklas Luhmann’s extant works and manuscripts, as well as the digitalization of his famous card index. This valuable enterprise has rekindled interest in what many scholars hold to be a ‘holy grail’: a marvelous instrument that aided great creativity and scientific production by the German sociologist. Indeed, people feel that looking inside the filing cabinet is like looking inside the mind of a genius at work. This article suggests a different point of view, rooted in the Enlightenment project of the sociologist of Bielefeld. The main hypothesis is that in the use of a card index as a surprise generator, there is nothing particularly surprising if one considers the evolution of knowledge management in early modern Europe. Rather, the question should be: how it is possible to explain the evolutionary improbability of the social use of ‘machines’ as secondary memories for knowledge management and reproduction? This article provides some suggestions for research and tries to determine where Luhmann’s card index comes from.

scholarly journals Writers as Leaders of Nation: Typological Convergence of I. Franko and P. Kulish

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Yevhen Nakhlik
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The article draws a parallel between P. Kulish’s and I. Franko’s disposition to the age-related ideological autorevision. It is argued that, experiencing evolution of the worldview and creative work, revising his own early radical social impulses caused by the ‘national radical stage’ (Franko’s definition) of liberation movement in Halychyna, mature Franko in 1896 – 1907 got closer to the views of P. Kulish, especially those of the late period of his life (1874 – 1897). Like the latter, Franko defended the right to worldview evolution and changing views. These typological coincidences consisted also in the movement from the center-left forces to the right-centered ones; the transition to the primacy of the national idea over the social one; the drastic national self-criticism and simultaneous emphasis on the nation-building and state-building; gradual reorientation from the idea of social revolutionary development of society to evolutionary progress and moderate “means and ways of acting and speaking” (as Franko called it); the warnings against admiring communist illusion, against ochlocracy; and, finally, in the focus on the leading role of the nationally conscious Ukrainian intellectuals in the liberation struggle. Ideological and formal parallels between Franko and Kulish were revealed not only in the letters and journalism, but also in Franko’s practice of grounding his works on the materials of the national, biblical and Christian history and mythology (i. e. literary historicism and mythologism, focused on the present, the future and the author’s personality; symbolic autobiography). From this point of view it is worth to compare:  “Pisnia Budushchyny” (“Song of Future”) – “Try Braty” (“Three Brothers”); “Pokhoron” (“Funeral”), “Ivan Vyshenskyi” – “Velyki Provody” (“Great Farewell Procession”), “Marusia Bohuslavka”, “Dramovana Trylohiia” (“Drama-like Trilogy”); “Moisei” (“Moses”) – “Mahomet i Khadyza” (“Muhammad and Hadiza”), “Duma-Perestoroha, Velmy na Potomni Chasy Potribna” (“Warning Refl ections that will be Needed in Future”); “Strashnyi Sud” (“The Last Judgement”) – “Kulish u Pekli” (“Kulish in Hell”); “Slavianska Oda” (“Slavic Ode”) – “Tsarski Slova” (“Royal Words”).

scholarly journals Anak autis sebagai mad’u dakwah: Analisis komunikasi interpersonal

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Uky Firmansyah Rahman Hakim ◽  
Rima Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Communication Stage ◽  
To Receive

<p>Anak autis merupakan seseorang yang memiliki gangguan komunikasi, yang membuat penderitanya tidak mampu mengadakan interaksi sosial dengan baik. Sehingga keberadaan anak autis masih dipandang sebagai orang lain di masyarakat. Padahal, anak autis mampu melakukan komunikasi, meskipun komunikasi yang dilakukan berbeda dengan orang non-autis. Kaitannya dengan dakwah, anak autis seharusnya mampu menerima pesan-pesan dakwah, sehingga penelitian mengenai anak autis dari sudut pandang mad’u dakwah sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SLB Autis Jalinan Hati Payakumbuh dengan tujuan mengetahui tentang apakah anak autis dapat digolongkan sebagai mad’u dakwah, dan bagaimana perkembangan sosial dan komunikasi anak autis sehingga ia mampu menerima pesan dakwah. Melalui penelitian lapangan (<em>field research</em>), penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, data diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa (1) dilihat dari pengertian dan kriteria mad’u, anak autis dapat digolongkan sebagai mad’u dakwah; (2) anak autis memiliki pola komunikasi interpersonal yang berbeda dengan anak non-autis, dalam perkembangannya ia tetap mampu melakukan komunikasi dengan orang lain, baik mengirim ataupun menerima pesan, melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu <em>the</em> <em>own agenda stage </em>(tahapan perkembangan komunikasi yang mendasar)<em>, </em><em>the requester stage</em><em> </em>(perkembangan komunikasi mengalami kemajuan yang baik, tetapi masih terbatas)<em>, </em>dan<em> </em><em>the early communication stage</em><em> </em>(tahapan kemampuan berkomunikasi sudah lebih baik).</p><p>Child with autism is someone who has a communication disorder, which makes the sufferer unable to have good social interactions. So that the existence of autistic children is still seen as another person in society. In fact, autism can communicate, even though communication is different from non-autism. With regard to da'wah, autism should be able to receive da'wah messages, so research on autism from the point of view of mad'u da'wah is very important to do. This research was conducted at SLB Autism Jalinan Hati Payakumbuh to know whether autism can be classified as mad'u da'wah, and how the social development and communication of autism so that they can receive da'wah messages. Through field research (field research), this study uses qualitative descriptive methods, data obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. The results show that (1) seen from the definition and criteria of mad'u, autism can be classified as mad'u da'wah; (2) autism has different interpersonal communication patterns from non-autism, in their development they are still able to communicate with other people, either sending or receiving messages, through 3 stages, namely the own agenda stage (basic stages of development of communication) , the requester stage (communication development has progressed well, but is still limited), and the early communication stage (the stage of communication skills is better).</p>

scholarly journals Personnel vs. Social Company Policy on the Modern Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Ксения Карасёва ◽  
Kseniya Karasyova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Market Relations

The paper features the personnel and the social company policies and their interdependence. It contains classical definitions, as well as basic directions of staff management and personnel policy. In addition, the paper introduces an authentic definition of personnel policy. Social policy is interpreted from the point of view of "narrow" and "broad" approaches. Formation and implementation of personnel and social policies are regarded as key conditions for the effective functioning of business under the influence of market relations, competition and social orientation of companies. The author's vision of the correlation and interrelation between the personnel and social policies is revealed through their general characteristics. Personnel and social policies are inextricably linked. Their aim is to increase productivity by narrowing the gap between the interests of the employees and the interests of the organization.

scholarly journals Reforma agrária e produção do espaço: um estudo sobre o projeto de assentamento Almas/BA

GeoTextos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Luiz Assiz dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Space Form ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Space ◽  
Definition Of

Este artigo busca analisar como o processo de criação e desenvolvimento de assentamentos de reforma agrária representa também um processo de produção do espaço humano. Cada assentamento se constitui numa unidade territorial da reforma agrária, sendo resultado da intervenção estatal no que concerne à modificação do uso e da propriedade da terra no Brasil. O objetivo da pesquisa centrou-se na análise dos resultados, do ponto de vista espacial, da criação de um assentamento rural – o Projeto de Assentamento Almas, localizado no município de Itaguaçu da Bahia/BA – que teve seu processo de implantação antecedido de um planejamento, o qual consistiu, basicamente, em estudos que subsidiaram a definição de um modelo diferente de planejamento. A análise do PA Almas a partir das categorias do espaço – forma, função, estrutura e processo – permitiu-nos apreender a evolução do assentamento na perspectiva das modificações ocorridas em sua configuração territorial. O ritmo de produção espacial do assentamento foi se acelerando à proporção que a dinâmica social estabelecida, ao longo do tempo, foi moldando um novo espaço, a partir do espaço pré-existente, e as novas demandas do grupo social foram sendo materializadas em novas formas-conteúdo e/ ou refuncionalizando formas pretéritas, que participam da dialética espaço-sociedade dentro do assentamento. Abstract This paper analyzes as the agrarian reform establishment creation process and development would also represents a process of production of human space Each establishment is a territorial unit of the agrarian reform as a result of state intervention in the modification of use and earth property in Brazil. The objective of the research was centered in analyses the results on the space point of view of the creation of one rural establishment, called Assentamento Almas’ Project, located in the municipal district of Itaguaçu da Bahia/ BA. It had its implantation process preceded of a planning, which consisted, basically, in studies that subsidized the definition of a different planning model. The analysis of the rural establishment of Almas from the categories of the space - form, function, structure and process - allowed to apprehend the evolution of the establishment in the perspective of the modifications that taken place in its territorial configuration. The rhythm of production of the space of this establishment was accelerated as the established social dynamics along the time went molding a new space from the pre existent one and the new demands of the social group materialized in new form content and / or reoperating former forms which participate in the dialectics space-society inside the rural establishment.

Mind Shift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

This book draws on the latest research on the human brain to show how it differs strikingly from those of other animals in its structure and function at molecular and cellular level. It argues that this ‘shift’, enlarging the brain, giving it greater flexibility and enabling higher functions such as imagination, was driven by tool use, but especially by the development of one remarkable tool—language. The complex social interaction brought by language opened up the possibility of shared conceptual worlds, enriched with rhythmic sounds and images that could be drawn on cave walls. This transformation enabled modern humans to generate an exceptional human consciousness, a sense of self that arises as a product of our brain biology and the social interactions we experience. Linking early work by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky to the findings of modern neuroscience, the book also explores how language, culture, and society mediate brain function, and what this view of the human mind may bring to our understanding and treatment of mental illness.

Society, concept of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Real Essence

The term ‘society’ is broader than ‘human society’. Many other species are described as possessing a social way of life. Yet mere gregariousness, of the kind found in a herd of cattle or a shoal of fish, is not enough to constitute a society. For the biologist, the marks of the social are cooperation (extending beyond cooperation between parents in raising young) and some form of order or division of labour. In assessing the merits of attempts to provide a more precise definition of society, we can ask whether the definition succeeds in capturing our intuitive understanding of the term, and also whether it succeeds in identifying those features of society which are most fundamental from an explanatory point of view – whether it captures the Lockean ‘real essence’ of society. One influential approach seeks to capture the idea of society by characterizing social action, or interaction, in terms of the particular kinds of awareness it involves. Another approach focuses on social order, seeing it as a form of order that arises spontaneously when rational and mutually aware individuals succeed in solving coordination problems. Yet another approach focuses on the role played by communication in achieving collective agreement on the way the world is to be classified and understood, as a precondition of coordination and cooperation.

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