scholarly journals PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
IVANA MARAŠ ◽  
DARKO GOLIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Piercing The Corporate Veil ◽  
Important Significance ◽  
Detailed Presentation ◽  
Court Practice

The subject of the paper is the institute of piercing the corporate veil – the review of norms as well as court practice cases related to the application of this institute. The primary goal of this paper is detailed presentation of the institute of piercing the corporate veil, as an important exception from the principle of limited liability with certain forms of companies and recognition of important significance that is still not entirely used in practice. The conclusion from research is that it is necessary to provide a more precise and clearer positive legal regulations of this institute in order to unify court practice and facilitate creditors in applying and proving rights through the institute of piercing the corporate veil. With more precise regulation of legal provisions and positive examples of court practice, the creditors would be encouraged to use this instrument more frequently. Methods used in this paper include dogmatic method, normative method, comparative method as well as axiology method, explained in more detail below.

دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة مقارنة Blood Money for Unintended Manslaughter in Traffic Accidents in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
عارف علي عارف القره داغي ◽  
فايزة بنت إسماعيل ◽  
ئاوات محمد آغا بابا
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Major Factors

الملخّصيتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي في العصر الحاضر لكثرة وقوعها وحاجة الناس إلى بيان أحكامها من حيث كيفية تقديرها. وتحرير الخلاف في دية المرأة، ومسألة دية الجنين في حال تعرضه للموت في بطن أمه نتيجة الحادث المروري، أو في حالة تعرضه للإجهاض والموت، وتناول أيضًا دية شخصين إذا ماتا نتيجة اصطدام سيارتين؛ فكيف تقدَّر الدِّية؟ وعالج البحث مسألة العاقلة في الوقت الحاضر التي تساعد الطرفين (الجاني والمجني عليه وذلك بجمع الدية وإعطائها للمجني عليه). وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج المقارن: حيث يتم من خلاله جمع النصوص المتعلقة بالموضوع، وآراء العلماء المتقدمين، والمعاصرين، والمقارنة بينهما لمعرفة نقاط الاتفاق والاختلاف، لتجلية معالم الموضوع، وتسهيل مناقشتها بصورة دقيقة، ثم بيان الرأي الراجح. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنَّ دية القتل في الحوادث المرورية في العصر الحاضر تساوي بالدينار الذهبي، الذي يساوي 4.250 جرامًا من الذهب، أو بما يساويها من النقد. وأنَّ الراجح هو تساوي دية الرجل مع دية المرأة. وفي حالة عدم وجود العاقلة لابأس من إنشاء شركة تعاونية لمساعدة من وقع منه الحادث.الكلمات المفتاحية: الدِّية، حوادث المرور، دية المرأة، دية الجنين، العاقلة. Abstract         This research addresses the subject of blood money for unintended manslaughter in traffic accidents according to Islamic jurisprudence in the present era due to the frequency of their occurrence and the need for people to understand the legal provisions concerning determining the amount. In this regard, we seek to clarify the disagreements regarding the blood money for women and foetuses that die in the mother’s womb as a result of traffic accidents or abortion. We also address the issue of blood money for two people who die as a result of collision between two cars. We also examine the issue of ʿĀqilah (those who pay the blood money) who helped the two parties (the offender and the victim by collecting blood money and giving it to the victim). To clarify these issues, we use the inductive approach and comparative method wherein we collect the various texts on the subject, and the views of classical and contemporary scholars to engage in a comparison between them in order to identify the points of agreement and disagreement between views. From here, we also hope to identify the major factors pertaining to such issues in order to facilitate a precise and concrete discussion to arrive at the most correct opinion. The study found that blood money for manslaughter in traffic accidents in the present era is equal to a gold dinar, which is equal to 4.250 grams of gold, or its cash equivalent. We advocate that the correct view is that the amount of blood money paid to a man is equal to that of a woman, and that in the absence of an ʿĀqilah it is possible to form a cooperative or mutual fund to render assistance to the victim.Keywords: blood money, traffic accidents, women, foetus, ʿĀqilah.

scholarly journals Observance of Maqaasid and Urf and their Impact Contracts and Actions an Applied Jurisprudence Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 34-74
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad Ali Mahdi Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Family ◽  
Curriculum Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Legal Controls

يسلط البحث الضوء على أثر مراعاة المقاصد والنيات في العقود التي تقتضي الإيجاب والقبول من الطرفين كالبيع والإجارة والهبة والزواج إلى آخره، والتصرفات التي تقتضي وقوع الرضا من طرف واحد كالإبراء والإسقاط والطلاق، ويعالج البحث كثيرا من الإشكالات التي تقع – بحسن نية- أحيانا، وأحيانا أخرى تحت وطأة العرف الذي ينظر بعين الازدراء والاحتقار إلى من يخالف قواعده حتى ولو كان مطالبا بحقه الشرعي في ضوء مراعاة المقاصد الشرعية، ومواد القانون المدني المصري بما يساعد المفتين والقضاة على حل النزاع ورفع الإشكال بمنهجية علمية وفق الأحكام الشرعية. في هذا البحث رصد لكثير من الإشكالات العملية ووضع الحلول الفقهية العادلة لها، ومن هذه الصور: إنفاق الابن على الأسرة على ما جرت به العادة من غير تصريح بطلب المعاوضة ولا بالهبة ثم التنازع بعد ذلك في طلب العوض. مساهمة الزوجة براتبها في مسكن الزوجية، ثم طلب العوض عند النزاع. التوقيع على وثيقة الطلاق لا بقصد الفراق وإنما بغرض الحصول على معاش الوالد. التنازل عن الميراث خشية الازدراء من الأقارب. ومن أهداف البحث وضع الحلول الفقهية لكثير من الإشكالات العملية التي ترد إلى لجان الفتوى في موضوع البحث. التأكيد على مرونة الفقه، وقدرته على وضع الحلول العادلة لجميع مستجدات الحياة. استجابة لما نادى به مؤتمر الأزهر العالمي للتجديد في الفكر الإسلامي، من قدح زناد العقل الفقهي للخروج برؤى متطورة تبني على ما أصله الفقهاء السابقون لتضع الحلول العادلة لكثير من إشكالات العصر، وموضوع البحث أحد هذه الإشكالات. المنهج الذي سأتبعه في البحث- إن شاء الله- يتمثل فيما يلي: المنهج المقارن. منهج التحليل العلمي. منهج التخريج الفقهي. انتهى البحث إلى العديد من النتائج التي تدل على مراعاة مقاصد المكلفين في العقود والتصرفات وفق ضوابط شرعية تم بيانها تفصيلا في أثناء البحث، كما تم ذكر النتائج إجمالا في نهاية البحث. الكلمات المفتاحية: أثر، المقاصد، العرف، مراعاة، العقود والتصرفات.   Abstract The research sheds light on the effect of observing purposes and intentions in contracts that require an offer and acceptance by both parties, such as selling, leasing, gift, marriage...etc, and behaviors that require consent from one party, such as acquittal, abolition and divorce. The research deals with many problems that sometimes occur - in good faith. And sometimes under the pressure of custom, which looks with contempt at those who violate its rules, even if they are claiming their legitimate right in light of observing the legitimate purposes, and the articles of the Egyptian Civil Code in a way that helps the muftis and judges to resolve the dispute and raise the problems with a scientific methodology in accordance with the legal provisions. Research problem: In this research, many practical problems have been monitored and the fair jurisprudential solutions have been developed for them.The son’s spending on the family on what is customary, without permission to ask for compensation or as a gift, then dispute after that in the request for compensation.The wife’s contribution with her salary to the marital home, and then asking for compensation in the event of a dispute.Signing the divorce document not for the purpose of separation, but for the purpose of obtaining the father's pension. Relinquishing the inheritance for fear of contempt from relatives Research aims: Develop jurisprudential solutions to many practical problems that are referred to the fatwa committees about the research. Emphasis on the flexibility of jurisprudence, and its ability to develop just solutions to all developments in life. In response to what was called by the Al-Azhar International Conference for Renewal of Islamic Thought, to ignite the trigger of the jurisprudential mind to come up with advanced visions that build on the origins of the previous jurists to put just solutions to many of the problems of the time, and the subject of research is one of these problems. Research Methodology: The method that I will follow in the research - God willing - is as follows: The comparative method. Scientific analysis method. Jurisprudence graduation curriculum. Research results: The research ended with many results that indicate the observance of the purposes of the taxpayers in contracts and actions according to legal controls that were detailed during the research, and the results were mentioned in general at the end of the research. Keywords: Impact, intentions, custom, observance, contracts, actions.

scholarly journals Piercing the corporate veil in various jurisdictions – Principled or unprincipled?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Badar Mohammed Almeajel Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Piercing The Corporate Veil ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Company ◽  
Fair Balance

The principle of limited liability of a company has been uniformly adopted by developed countries. In order to ensure a fair balance, the courts agree on occasion to ‘pierce’ or ‘lift’ the corporate veil, which involves imposing liability on the mother company for actions of its subsidiary or individual shareholders, directors, and other involved persons for actions of the company. In this regard, there have been several studies arguing the legal issues associated with the limited liability of a company and piercing the corporate veil such as Schall (2016) and Michoud (2019). This paper compares current veil-piercing practices in three jurisdictions: the UK, the US, and Australia in order to outline the advantages and limitations of the approaches taken by the courts in each country as well as to identify best practices in terms of veil piercing. For that purpose, an analytical approach to the examination of the relevant legal rules, principles, and court cases has been adopted in undertaking the present paper. The paper comes up with a number of specific suggestions and recommendations for improving the regulatory role in regard to the subject of piercing of the corporate veil.

scholarly journals Odpowiedzialność przebijająca w ramach private enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dąbroś
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Unit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Piercing The Corporate Veil ◽  
Civil Courts

In the context of private enforcement of competition law, the issue of piercing the corporate veil, that is, the possibility of holding a non-direct infringer liable becomes particularly important. Pursuant to the thesis of the CJEU ‘Skanska’ judgment, civil courts adjudicating in cases of damages for infringements of competition law should understand the concept of ‘undertaking’ in accordance with Article 101 TFEU and its established interpretation by the Court, which may mean also adopting, under private law, the doctrine of economic succession (economic continuity) and the concept of a single economic unit. Individual member states, such as Spain and Portugal, have already adopted relevant legal regulations regarding the issue in question. In other countries, this matter has become the subject of judicial considerations. In Poland, neither of these two situations occurs. One should opt for the broad adoption of the concept of piercing the corporate veil in the context of liability for damages arising from an infringement of competition law – with both EU and national dimension.

scholarly journals PRAWNE ŚRODKI ZAPOBIEGANIA POCHOPNEMU ZAWIERANIU MAŁŻEŃSTW W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ SOCJOLOGICZNYCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Wanda Stojanowska
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Court Practice

LEGAL MEANS OF PREVENTING INJUDICIOUS MARRIAGE IN THE LIGHT OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Summary The results of the statutory research presented in the present study are part of a completed research project on the methods of decreasing the number of divorces. The project envisaged two main research areas: 1) the prevention of injudicious marriage, and 2) divorce. An analysis was carried out on the research results for the former area, conducted by interviewers using the structured interview method. Interviews were conducted in eight voivodeships and within three groups of respondents: 120 newlyweds, 40 heads of Polish registry offices (Urząd Stanu Cywilnego), and 40 priests conducting pre-marital courses. The subject of the research and its theoretical considerations were the legal means of preventing injudicious marriage provided for in the Family and Guardianship Code (Kodeks rodzinny i opiekuńczy), Article 4 (on the one-month mandatory waiting time for the contraction of marriage) and Article 10 (on the mandatory issue of court consent for a person between the ages of sixteen and eighteen to contract a marriage), as well as the need to introduce a compulsory pre-marital medical examination, which has been the subject of debate for a long time. The study ends with a summary presenting an evaluation of the current legal provisions and court practice, as well as proposals for changes in the law e.g. in methods of preparing couples for marriage as envisaged conducting pre-marital courses. The subject of the research and its theoretical considerations were the legal means of preventing injudicious marriage provided for in the Family and Guardianship Code (Kodeks rodzinny i opiekuńczy), Article 4 (on the one-month mandatory waiting time for the contraction of marriage) and Article 10 (on the mandatory issue of court consent for a person between the ages of sixteen and eighteen to contract a marriage), as well as the need to introduce a compulsory pre-marital medical examination, which has been the subject of debate for a long time. The study ends with a summary presenting an evaluation of the current legal provisions and court practice, as well as proposals for changes in the law e.g. in methods of preparing couples for marriage as envisaged by Canon Law.

scholarly journals THE SUBJECT OF ASSETS VALUATION CONTRIBUTED CAPITAL TO BUSINESS UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF BUSINESS LAW IN 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Phuong Ngo ◽  
Thu Thi Mai Do
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

The article refers to the legal provisions of Business Law in 2014 on the subject of assets valuation contributed capital to the types of businesses: limited liability  company, partnership, joint-stock company. This article does not discuss businesses with foreign elements and State businesses. From the analysis of legal  provisions, this article has pointed out the limitations of the law on the subject of assets valuation contributed capital to business, and proposed the ways to improvement of the law on this issue.

Observance of Maqaasid and Urf and their Impact Contracts and Actions an Applied Jurisprudence Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 34-74
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad Ali Mahdi Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Family ◽  
Curriculum Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Legal Controls

The research sheds light on the effect of observing purposes and intentions in contracts that require an offer and acceptance by both parties, such as selling, leasing, gift, marriage...etc, and behaviors that require consent from one party, such as acquittal, abolition and divorce. The research deals with many problems that sometimes occur - in good faith. And sometimes under the pressure of custom, which looks with contempt at those who violate its rules, even if they are claiming their legitimate right in light of observing the legitimate purposes, and the articles of the Egyptian Civil Code in a way that helps the muftis and judges to resolve the dispute and raise the problems with a scientific methodology in accordance with the legal provisions. Research problem: In this research, many practical problems have been monitored and the fair jurisprudential solutions have been developed for them.The son’s spending on the family on what is customary, without permission to ask for compensation or as a gift, then dispute after that in the request for compensation.The wife’s contribution with her salary to the marital home, and then asking for compensation in the event of a dispute.Signing the divorce document not for the purpose of separation, but for the purpose of obtaining the father's pension. Relinquishing the inheritance for fear of contempt from relatives Research aims: Develop jurisprudential solutions to many practical problems that are referred to the fatwa committees about the research. Emphasis on the flexibility of jurisprudence, and its ability to develop just solutions to all developments in life. In response to what was called by the Al-Azhar International Conference for Renewal of Islamic Thought, to ignite the trigger of the jurisprudential mind to come up with advanced visions that build on the origins of the previous jurists to put just solutions to many of the problems of the time, and the subject of research is one of these problems. Research Methodology: The method that I will follow in the research - God willing - is as follows: The comparative method. Scientific analysis method. Jurisprudence graduation curriculum. Research results: The research ended with many results that indicate the observance of the purposes of the taxpayers in contracts and actions according to legal controls that were detailed during the research, and the results were mentioned in general at the end of the research.

THE ISSUES OF EVIDENCE FACILITATION IN THE REGULATION OF PACKAGE TRAVEL AND HOTEL SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING TRAVELLERS AND TOURISTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szymszon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Package Travel ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The aim of the article is to show the significance and diversity of legal constructions concerning the facilitations of proof in provisions regulating package travel and hotel services in the context of protecting travellers and tourists. Method. Analysis regarding the regulation of package travel and hotel services including the facilitations of proof are carried out using the formal-dogmatic and legal comparison method. The comparative method has a significant meaning for the proper interpretation of provisions regulating package travel and hotel services due to the interpenetration of national and international regulations. In the process of recreating norms from legal provisions, it is therefore helpful to analyse their similarities and differences. Findings. The provisions regulating package travel and hotel services include the facilitations of proof which improve the legal situation of travellers and tourists, as well as ensuring their protection. Research and conclusions limitations. There is no comprehensive study on facilitations of proof in the regulation of package travel and hotel services in literature on the subject. Practical implications. Conclusions resulting from the article will allow to determine the proper nature of the provisions referring to the facilitations of proof in the regulation of package travel and hotel services, which will enable their proper application in practice. Originality. The issue of the facilitations of proof in the regulation of package travel and hotel services has not been comprehensively researched so far. Type of work. Problem article.

Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Elections

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.

The grounds and conditions of securing a claim in administrative proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Olena ◽  
◽  
Kravchuk O.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

The article examines the grounds and conditions of securing a claim in administrative proceedings. By analyzing the legal provisions, law enforcement (judicial) practice in connection with the acquisitions of legal science, the grounds and conditions of securing a claim in administrative proceedings are highlighted. Attention is focused on problematic issues that arise when courts check the grounds for securing a claim and compliance with the terms of securing a claim. In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that securing an administrative claim on the grounds of obvious signs of illegality of the decision, action or inaction of the subject of power is virtually inapplicable due to reservations about the inadmissibility of resolving the dispute on the merits. It is concluded that an administrative lawsuit can be secured if there is at least one of the grounds specified in part one of Article 150 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and compliance with the conditions of proportionality, adequacy of measures to ensure administrative lawsuit, direct connection with the subject matter and legal the defendant's conduct in the dispute. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the freedom of discretion (discretion) of the court in the application of measures to ensure an administrative claim is unconditional, but not unlimited and controlled by the requirement to properly justify the relevant procedural action. Keywords: administrative court, administrative claim, administrative proceedings, securing the claim, principles of administrative proceedings, protection of individual rights and freedoms, grounds for securing the claim, conditions for securing the claim

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