Feed intake and digestibility in Yankasa sheep fed diets containing various levels of Leucaena leucocephala leaf residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Fasae ◽  
J. A. Alokan ◽  
G. E. Onibi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Metabolism Study ◽  
Age Range

Four Yankasa sheep, weighing between 19 and 24kg live weight and with age range between 15-24 months were used in a metabolism study to determine the intake and the digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala leaf residue (LLLR) while diets B, C and D had 15, 30 and 45% LLLR inclusion respectively. Dry matter and dietary crude protein intake by trhe environmental animals decreased with increasing level of LLLR inclusion in the diets, although these values were not significant (P>0.05). Also, digestion rates for dry matter and nutrients decreased as protein level of the diets decreased but variation were not significant (P<0.05). Inclusion of 15% LLLR in the dust produced the best weight gain, though this was significantly (P>0.05) different from other treatments. None of the animals developed any health problem and none was underfed as they all recorded an increase in weight. The diet with 15% LLLR produced performance similar to the control both in nutrient intake and weight gain

The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: I. The effect of level and source of supplementary nitrogen on the utilization of maize silage by cattle of different ages

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Urea Addition

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.

Intensive beef production. 12. Replacement of concentrates with chopped dried grass

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
R. Massie ◽  
A. MacDearmid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Trial

SUMMARY1. A growth trial was carried out using 24 British Friesian steers given diets containing (1) 100%, (2) 60%, (3) 40% and (4) 0% concentrates and chopped dried grass up to 100%.2. Daily dry-matter intake was significantly lower for steers on Treatment 1 than for steers on the other three treatments.3. Rate of live-weight gain declined from 1·18 to 0·88 kg/day and carcass gain from 625 to 430 g/day between steers on Treatments 1 and 4.4. Killing-out percentage dropped from 55·3% (1) to 51·9% (4) and the 8th-10th rib from steers on Treatments 3 and 4 contained significantly more crude protein and less ether-extractable matter than ribs from steers on Treatments 1 and 2.

Beef production from silage 3. The effect of supplements of hay and dried grass on the performance of beef cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Tetlow ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
Margaret Gill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT1. The primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut between 7 and 9 June and ensiled with formic acid at 2·5 1/t. The regrowth was cut on 24 July; part was dried at high temperature (dried grass), the remainder was left to dry in the field (hay). The dried grass (DG) and part of the hay were ground and pelleted, the hay being pelleted alone (PH) or with the addition of formaldehyde at 20 g/kg crude protein (PHF). The remainder of the hay was offered in the chopped form (CH). The four supplements (CH, PH, PHF, DG) were offered at two levels, 6·5 (L) and 130 (H) g dry matter per kg live weight to 54 British Friesian steers (initial live weight, 110 kg) receiving the silage ad libitum.2. The silage had a high pH and a high proportion of the total nitrogen was in the form of ammonia, indicating poor fermentation. The solubility of nitrogen in the supplements was highest (262 g/kg total nitrogen) in CH, progressively less in PH and PHF and lowest (122 g/kg total nitrogen) in DG.3. Total dry-matter intake was highest with DG at the higher level of inclusion. Dry-matter intake was significantly higher for PH and PHF than for CH (P < 0·001). However, intake of digestible energy did not differ between hays. Live-weight gain was increased from a low level of 0·24 kg/day (silage alone) by all supplements, but this effect was greater with DG than with the hays (P < 0·001). Level of supplementation increased live-weight gain from 0·54 to 0·74 kg/day.4. Supplements of dried grass gave higher live-weight gains than did hay made from the same sward. However, the results indicate that supplementation of badly preserved silage with grass hay of good quality can produce acceptable levels of performance of up to 0·70 kg/day in 4-month-old steers. Processing of the hay had little effect on animal performance.

A comparison between an early weaning and a more conventional system of rearing dairy calves

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
J. N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Unlimited Access

1. Two groups of 12 Ayrshire heifer calves were reared from birth to 14 weeks on two contrasting systems.2. The conventionally reared group consumed 19 gal. of milk, 86 gal. of milk substitute and 195 lb. of calf meal (17·0% crude protein in dry matter) in 14 weeks whereas the early-weaned animals consumed 5 gal. of milk, 19 gal. of milk substitute and 259 lb. of early-weaning cubes (22·7% crude protein in dry matter) in the same period and were weaned from milk substitute at 5 weeks old. All the calves had unlimited access to dried grass (12·0% crude protein in dry matter).3. The mean live-weight gain of the calves on the conventional system was 1·26 lb./day and of the early-weaned animals, 1·20 lb./day. These values were not significantly different.4. None of the experimental calves had bloat or indigestion and there was only one minor outbreak of scour.5. At the present day prices of the foods, the early-weaning system was the cheaper system both per day and per pound of live-weight gain.

scholarly journals Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Katariina Manni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.

scholarly journals Meat production of young and adult Kejobong goats fed diets with different protein concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Nuning Ari Purnami ◽  
Endang Purbowati ◽  
Edy Rianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

This study was aimed to examine the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on carcass and meat production in young and adult Kejobong goats. This study used 8 young (5 months) and 8 adult (9 months) Kejobong goats; which were allocated to a randomized nested design, with an age of goat as the nest, and treatment applied was dietary protein concentration (T1: 9.96%; T2: 14.66%). The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI), body weight gain (BWG), and the production of carcass meat. The results showed that the DMI of adult goats (910 g/d) was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (680 g/d). The goats fed diet T2 had higher (P<0.05) DMI, CPI, and BWG (855 g, 140 g, and 94 g/d, respectively) than those of T1 (725 g/d, 80 g/d, and 59 g/d). Slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass meat weight, and carcass meat percentage of adult goats (28.09 kg, 13.19 kg, 8.60 kg and 64.94%, respectively) were higher (P <0.05) than those of young goats (20.06 kg, 8.72 kg, 5.46 kg, and 62.06%, respectively). The weight and percentage of carcass meat of T2 (8.30 kg and 64.99%, respectively) were higher (P<0.05) than those of T1 (5.75 kg and 62.06%, respectively). The meat-bone ratio of adult goats was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (3.53 vs 2.85). The meat-bone ratio of T2 (3.58) was higher (P<0.05) than that of T1 (2.80). It was concluded that adult Kejobong goats produced more meat than the young ones, and the goat-fed diet with 14.66% CP produced more meat than that with 9.96% CP.

scholarly journals Performance of Holstein heifers fed sugarcane silages treated with urea, sodium benzoate or Lactobacillus buchneri

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Faria Pedroso ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio ◽  
Waldomiro Barioni Júnior ◽  
Armando de Andrade Rodrigues ◽  
Daniele Rebouças Santana Loures ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of heifers fed sugarcane silages produced with and without additives. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly assigned, in a block design, to evaluate rations (46% silage; 54% concentrate; 12% crude protein) containing silages treated with (fresh basis) urea (0.5%), sodium benzoate (0.1%) or Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64x10(5) cfu g-1 ). Inoculation with L. buchneri improved daily gain (1.24 vs. 0.94 kg day-1 ), and the addition of benzoate resulted in better feed conversion (7.6 vs. 9.4 kg of dry matter per kg of live weight), in relation to the untreated silage (control). Treatments did not affect dry matter intake (mean of 2.19% of live weight). Rations containing silages treated with benzoate or L. buchneri showed lower cost per kg of weight gain. Treatment with urea did not improve animal performance, but the cost per kg of weight gain was lower than that of the control ration.

Protein requirements of male cattle fattened on diets differing in energy concentrations

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman ◽  
M. Bleiberg ◽  
D. Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Live Weight Gain

ABSTRACTThe effects of three levels of crude protein in the diet, 10, 12 and 14 %, on the performance of entire Israeli Friesian male cattle (bulls) during fattening, was studied in two experiments.The bulls were 5 months old and 200 kg live weight, and 7·5 months and 250 kg, at the start of Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and were slaughtered after 178 to 268 days (Experiment 1) or 156 to 166 days (Experiment 2) on trial, at a live weight of 430 to 480 kg.In Experiment 1 mixed diets of two metabolizable energy concentrations (11·1 and 10·5 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter) were used, each containing concentrates with 10, 12 or 14% crude protein content. In half of the treatments the crude protein content of the concentrate was increased by two percentage units for the first 61 days of the experiment. Daily live-weight gain was significantly higher at 14% and 16% crude protein than at 10% and 12% crude protein during the first 61 days for animals on the high energy diet, but liveweight gain was not affected by crude protein content on the low energy diet over this period, or at either energy concentration from 62 days to slaughter.In Experiment 2 the diet consisted of concentrate, wheat straw and cotton hulls, giving a metabolizable energy concentration of approximately 10·55 MJ/kg dry matter. Daily live-weight gain did not differ significantly between concentrates containing 10, 12 or 14% crude protein, but carcass weight gain was higher at 12% and 14% crude protein than at 10% crude protein.It is concluded that in order to ensure the best performance of bulls of the Israeli Friesian breed, diets with a high concentration of energy should contain 14% crude protein when fed to animals with a body weight of 200 to 300 kg, and 12% crude protein for heavier animals.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and growth rate of rabbits fed varying levels of cassava leaf meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
T. A. Adegbola ◽  
J. C. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Feed Cost

Forty young rabbits were fed on five diets varying in cassava leaf meal (CLM) levels from 0% to 60%. Dry matter and nutrient intake and digestibility, weight gain and economics of CLM inclusion were determined. The DMI (g/d) ranged from 44.24 (60% CLM) to 66.85 (15% CLM); daily live weight gain (LWG, g/d) from 8.43 (60% CLM) to 21.36 (15% CLM); feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 3.13 (15% CLM) 10 5.27 (45% CLM). Differences between treatments in these production criteria were significant (P<0.01). Water consumption (l/kg) increased with inc levels of CLM inclusion (P<0.05). The digestibility of dry matter (DMD) and other nutrients decreased with increasing level of CLM inclusion (P<0.05). Economic analysis showed that diet 1 (0% CLM) was the least economical. Feed cost (N/kg gain) was similar for diets 2 to 5 (P>0.05). It may be concluded that CLM included at between 15 to 30% of the diet is adequate for growing rabbits. 

scholarly journals Feed Intake and Live Weight Gain of Hereford Bulls Offered Diets Based on Whole-Crop Barley and Whole-Crop Wheat Silages Relative to Moderately Digestible Grass Silage with or without Protein Supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134
Author(s):  
Arto Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe present experiment was conducted to study the performance of Hereford bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley (WCB) and whole-crop wheat (WCW) silages relative to a moderately digestible grass silage (GS)-based diet with or without rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation. The experiment comprised 30 bulls and a 3×2 factorial design was used. The bulls were offered silages ad libitum. In all forage diets (WCB, WCW, GS) the concentrate used was either rolled barley alone or rolled barley plus RSM. The amount of the concentrate supplementation was 37 g/metabolic live weight/animal/day for all treatments. The crude protein (CP) content of barley was 126 g/kg dry matter (DM) and the CP content of the concentrate increased 23% with RSM supplementation. Average live weight gains (LWG) for the GS, WCB and WCW feedings were 1411, 1331 and 1181 g/d, respectively. Differences in diet digestibility and energy intake probably explain the differences in LWG among the forage types. RSM supplementation increased both silage and total DM intake in the WCB and WCW feedings but not in the GS feeding. Furthermore, RSM supplementation increased LWG 7 and 17% in the WCB and WCW feedings, respectively, but only 2% in the GS feeding.

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