scholarly journals Historical sociolinguistics and authorship elucidation in medieval private written correspondence:

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-394
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Cutillas Espinosa ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández Campoy
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Authorship Attribution ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Corpora of historical correspondence and their social metadata offers a very useful archival source to carry out studies in Historical Sociolinguistics. However, illiteracy among female population and the subsequent use of scribes make authorship and gender constitute some of the most controversial socio-demographic issues when doing sociohistorical research. Letters might not have been autographs but rather dictated to a scribe, which can lead to the distortion of findings concerning authorship and gender-based patterns, from the perspective of sociolinguistic variation. On the other hand, Forensic Linguistics appeared as a branch of Applied Linguistics to assist the law in legal processes, where authorship elucidation is often one of the most disputed questions. In this paper we will present an overview of the main approaches to authorship attribution within Forensic Linguistics and relate them to sociohistorical data in the case of the letters by Margery Paston, putting their theorical tenets and techniques to the test of time. The data suggests that formal (spelling) features are less indicative of authorship than other morphosyntactic markers. Forensic Linguistics and Historical Sociolinguistics can mutually benefit each other, by sharing their expertise in authorship research and its application to current and historical texts in their social context

The Impact of Sex and Gender on Heart-Brain Axis Dysfunction: Current Concepts and Novel Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Baroni ◽  
Vincenzo Lionetti
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The Heart-Brain Axis (HBA) recapitulates all the circuits that regulate bidirectional flow of communication between heart and brain. Several mechanisms may underlie the interdependent relationship involving heterogeneous tissues at rest and during specific target organ injury, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, mood disorders or dementia. In-depth translational studies of the HBA dysfunction under single-organ injury should include both male and female animals to develop sex/gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Indeed, sex and gender are determining factors since females and males exhibit significant differences in terms of susceptibility to risk factors, age of onset, severity of symptoms and outcome. Despite most studies have focused on the male population, we have conducted a careful appraisal of the literature investigating HBA in females. In particular, we have i) analysed sex-related heart and brain illnesses, ii) recapitulated the most significant studies simultaneously conducted on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems in female population, iii) hypothesised future perspectives for the development of gender-based approach to HBA dysfunction. Although sex/gender-oriented research is at its infancy, the impact of sex on HBA dysfunction is opening unexpected new avenues for managing health of female subjects exposed to risk of lifestyle multi-organ disease.

scholarly journals Eponymously named surgical instruments and gender: why representation matters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Arnott ◽  
Perri Deacon ◽  
Julie Ann Van Koughnett
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Spine Surgeon ◽  
The Impact

Women continue to be under-represented in most surgical specialties, especially in academic hospitals. Historically, most surgical instruments are named for the surgeon who     developed or invented them. A review of surgical instruments was completed to better understand the impact of women innovators in surgery. Eponymous instrument names were cross-referenced to the surgeon for whom they were named through a review of historical texts, medical journals, and online instrument catalogues; an interview was also conducted. Of 458 eponymous instrument names, only three were connected to women: spine surgeon Dr. Nancy Epstein, and ophthalmologists Dr. Bonnie Henderson and Dr. Sheri Rowen. Dr. Sheri Rowen was interviewed to discuss her experience developing new surgical instruments and her career as a female surgeon. This interview highlighted the importance of same-gender role models in surgery, which is supported by the literature; having female surgeon role models is associated with a greater interest in a surgical career for female medical students. Gender-based discrimination has also been shown in the literature to be a barrier against women in surgery. A discussion of opportunities for improving the representation of women in surgery is presented: medical education departments should improve female surgeon representation through lectures, conferences, and meetings; schools should also provide female surgeon mentorship for female medical students.

scholarly journals Gender-based incidence, recovery period, and mortality rate of COVID-19 among the population of district Attock, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ejaz ◽  
M. T. Ashraf ◽  
S. Qadeer ◽  
M. Irfan ◽  
A. Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract COVID-19 is reported as an extremely contagious disease with common symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat, and tiredness. The published literature on incidence and gender-wise prevalence of COVID-19 is scarce in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the distribution, incubation period and mortality rate of COVID-19 among the male and female population of district Attock. The data were collected between 01 April 2020 and 07 December 2020 from the population of district Attock, Pakistan. A total of 22,962 individuals were screened and 843 were found positive for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. The confirmed positive cases were monitored carefully. Among the positive cases, the incidence of COVID-19 was 61.7% among males and 38.2% among females. The average recovery period of males was 18.89±7.75 days and females were 19±8.40 days from SARS-CoV-2. The overall mortality rate was 8.06%. The death rate of male patients was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to female patients. Also, the mortality rate was higher (P<0.05) in male patients of 40-60 years of age compared to female patients of the same age group. Moreover, the mortality rate significantly increased (P<0.05) with the increase of age irrespective of gender. In conclusion, the incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 is higher in males compared to the female population. Moreover, irrespective of gender the mortality rate was significantly lower among patients aged <40 years.

Photos from the Quarter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Keyword(s):  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This sample of photos from 16 August–15 November 2019 aims to convey a sense of Palestinian life during this quarter. The images capture Palestinians across the diaspora as they fight to exercise their rights: to run for office, to vote, and to protest both Israeli occupation and gender-based violence.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

Somali Immigrant Mothers’ Experiences of School Engagement: Implications for School Leaders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0013161X2110335
Author(s):  
Nimo M. Abdi
Keyword(s):  
School Engagement ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Coloniality Of Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Somali Immigrant ◽  
Mothers Experiences

Purpose: This critical phenomenology study examines the experiences of Somali mothers’ involvement with an urban school in London, United Kingdom. Specifically, the study explores Somali mothers’ experiences and responses in navigating the coloniality of gender discourses imbedded in school structure and culture. The research questions that guided the study concerned the gender-based tools that Somali mothers use to navigate the school structure and culture and how school leaders can recognize and tap into parental knowledge and ways of being to serve these communities. Methods: This study is based on the stories of five Somali immigrant mothers. Data collection included focus groups, field memos, site observations, and school archival data. Data were analyzed through hermeneutic interpretation of whole-part-whole. Findings: Somali mothers use three important elements—identity, resistance, and traditions—to respond to coloniality of gender in school as they negotiate tensions between the Somali conception of motherhood and western notions of gender. The findings emphasize the practices rooted in Indigenous Somali culture and gender roles as assets. Implications: This research argues that the matripotent leadership practices of Somali mothers can inform theory, practice, and policy, as these practices offer a more collective and humanizing approach to leadership centered in ideals connected to a non-Western conception of motherhood, gender, and gender dynamics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document