scholarly journals etermination of Geothermal Reservoir Zone of Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shofi Hidayatullah ◽  
◽  
Agus Didit Haryanto ◽  
Johanes Hutabarat ◽  
Ryan Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Alteration Zone ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Mineral Data ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Chloride Water ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Exploration Well

The Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power (SMGP) Field is located in Mandailing Natal (350 km to the southeast from Medan), North Sumatra. This study needed alteration mineral data validation with fluid geochemical characteristics from surface manifestations, and production wells were determined the geothermal reservoir zone. Therefore geothermometer and geoindicator calculations were used. Laboratory tests were carried out on 38 surface manifestations and 11 cutting samples of exploration well. Manifestations in this area include hot springs, fumaroles, and steaming ground. Alteration minerals found in the study area are anhydrite, epidote, calcite,chlorite, muscovite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite. The alteration zone is located in the zeolite zone, the epidote zone,and the anhydrite-sericite zone. Geochemical manifestations of surface and production wells containing chloride water, sulfate water, sulfate-chloride water, and bicarbonate water. The estimated reservoir temperature of SH-01 well shows temperatures ranging from 240–280˚C, SH-02 well shows temperatures of 249.89–302.92˚C, SH-03 well show temperatures of 231.09–280˚C. The mineral geothermometer calculation, which is correlated with the geochemical fluid geothermometer, shows valid results. This is evident from the estimated reservoir temperatures of the two geothermometers.

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of the cooling effect in geothermal reservoirs induced by injection of CO2 and cooled geothermal water

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Hejuan Liu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Yang Gou ◽  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Wentao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Thermal Breakthrough

The utilization of geothermal energy can reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The reinjection of cooled return water from a geothermal field by a closed loop system is an important strategy for maintaining the reservoir pressure and prolonging the depletion of the geothermal reservoir by avoiding problems, e.g., water level drawdown, ground subsidence, and thermal pollution. However, the drawdown of water injectivity affected by physical and chemical clogging may occur in sandstone aquifers, and the reservoir temperature may be strongly affected by the reinjection of large amounts of cooled geothermal water, thus resulting in early thermal breakthrough at production wells and a decrease in production efficiency. In addition to the injection of cooled geothermal water, the injection of CO2 can be used to maintain the reservoir pressure and increase the injectivity of the reservoir by enhancing water–rock interactions. However, the thermal breakthrough and cooling effect of the geothermal reservoir may become complex when both CO2 and cooled geothermal water are injected into aquifers. In this paper, a simplified small-scale multilayered geological model is established based on a low-medium geothermal reservoir in Binhai district, Tianjin. The ECO2N module of the TOUGH2MP simulator is used to numerically simulate temperature and pressure responses in the geothermal reservoir while considering different treatment strategies (e.g., injection rates, temperatures, well locations, etc.). The simulation results show that a high injection pressure of CO2 greatly shortens the CO2 and thermal breakthrough at the production well. A much lower CO2 injection pressure is helpful for prolonging hot water production by maintaining the reservoir pressure and eliminating the cooling effect surrounding the production wells. Both pilot-scale and commercial-scale cooled water reinjection rates are considered. When the water production rate is low (2 kg/s), the temperature decrease at the production well is negligible at a distance of 500 m between two wells. However, when both the production and reinjection rates of cooled return water are increased to 100 m3/h, the temperature decrease in the production well exceeds 10 °C after 50 years of operation.

Geothermal gradients in the Hinton area of west-central Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Lam ◽  
F. W. Jones ◽  
C. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Disturbed Region ◽  
West Central ◽  
Exploration Well

Temperature data from petroleum exploration well logs of 3360 wells in a region of west-central Alberta are used to estimate thermal gradients. A relatively high geothermal gradient (~36 °C/km) of oblong shape located near Hinton is observed. The axis of the anomaly strikes approximately southwest–northeast and passes through the Miette Hot Springs area. It appears that water is heated at depth in the Rocky Mountain disturbed region and travels eastward and toward the surface along fault planes.

scholarly journals POTENSI PANAS BUMI DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT BERDASARKAN ANALISA GEOKIMIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Agustinus Denny Unggul Raharjo ◽  
Nur Prasetyo Ponco Nugroho ◽  
Hastowo Resesiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Binary Cycle ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Papua Barat

ABSTRAKKabupaten Manokwari Selatan merupakan daerah otonomi baru di Provinsi Papua Barat dengan potensi sumberdaya alam besar. Sebagai daerah pemekaran baru, kedepan akan mengalami pertambahan penduduk yang signifikan. Pertambahan penduduk bersama dengan pembangunan dan modernisasi akan membawa beban pada kebutuhan listrik, sebagai alternatif pemenuhan listrik dapat dengan cara memanfaatkan sumberdaya panasbumi yang terdapat di Kampung Demini, Distrik Momiwaren. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi sumberdaya panasbumi di Kampung Demini dengan menggunakan metode geothermometer untuk perkiraan suhu reservoir panasbumi berdasarkan kandungan SiO2, Na, dan K. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, walaupun berjenis suhu rendah, mata air panas Demini dapat dikembangkan menjadi pembangkit listrik siklus binari. Kata kunci: Panasbumi, Siklus Binari, Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan ABSTRACTSouth Manokwari Regency is a new autonomous region in West Papua Province with abundant natural resources. As new autonomous region the regency will experienced significant population growth. Population growth along with development and modernization will give burden to electricity demand. Alternatively, electricity could be acquired with geothermal resources in Demini vilage, Momiwaren District. The research aims to reveals the geothermal resources potent in Demini vilage using geothermometer method to predict the geothermal reservoir temperature. Based on survey the geothermal resources, altough lowenthalpy type, could be developed into binary cycle electric generator. Keywords: Geothermal, Binary Cycle, South Manokwari Regency

scholarly journals Study of geothermometers and chemical composition of hot springs in Zavkhan province

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Ch ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Bolormaa O
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient. Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын химийн найрлага, геотермометрийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Завхан аймгийн нутагт орших Отгонтэнгэр, Зарт, Цэцүүх, Улаан хаалга, Хожуулын халуун рашаануудын гидрохимийн найрлагыг нарийвчлан тогтоосоны үндсэн дээр тухайн рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон гүнийг тогтоох зорилго тавин ажиллаа. Завхан аймгийн рашаанууд нь халуун 33.4-45.5°C температуртай, шүлтлэг орчинтой (pH 8.4-9.56), 170-473 мг/л хүртэл эрдэсжилттэй, HCO3-Na болон SO4-Na-ийн төрлийн халуун рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Эдгээр рашаануудаас Цэцүүхийн халуун рашааны исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал нь -0.8 мВ, ууссан устөрөгчийн агуулга 0.22 мг/л илэрсэн нь судалгаанд хамрагдсан бусад рашаануудтай харьцуулахад ангижрах төлөвт оршиж байгаа бөгөөд илүү эмчилгээний идэвхтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан халуун рашаануудын гүний температурыг химийн найрлагаас нь хамааруулан хэд хэдэн геотермометрийг ашиглан тооцоход дунджаар 102-149oС байсан ба энэ нь бага температуртай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа учир тухайн халуун усны нөөцийг өрөө тасалгаа халаах болон бинари системийг ашиглан цахилгаан гаргаж авах боломжтой байна. Мөн Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны нөөц нь газрын гадаргаас доош 1.3-3.7 км-ийн гүнд байрладаг болохыг орд дээрх температур, газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон бүс нутгийн геотермал градиентад үндэслэн тооцоолон тодорхойллоо. Түлхүүр үг: Гидрохими, халуун рашаан, геотермометр, гүний температур.

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF ALTERATION MINERALS AROUND THE OMA-HARUKU HOT SPRINGS, CENTRAL OF MOLUCCAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Helda Andayany ◽  
Josephus Ronny Kelibulin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Spring Area ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Xrd Method

Petrographic analysis to rock samples located at Oma-Haruku hot springs was dominated by mudstone. Another alteration mineral types of the rocks in this area are quartz, aragonite/calcite and feldspar minerals. Petrographic analysis was supported by the XRD method. The method indicated that the alteration minerals content was generally dominated by the presence of aragonite/calcite with particle size of 0.05 - 2 mm, the abundance of 55% and the spread evenly. Based on such presence of aragonite/calcite, one can interpret that the origin rock was carbonate. Alteration minerals which were generally dominated by mudstone indicate that the type of hot spring area in Oma-Haruku is a type of high-temperature reservoir, namely > 175 oC. Therefore, the area is  potentially as geothermal field in Central of Moluccas.

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

scholarly journals Natural State Modeling of Singapore Geothermal Reservoir

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Hendrik Tjiawi ◽  
Andrew C. Palmer ◽  
Grahame J. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engineered Geothermal System

 The existence of hot springs coupled with the apparent anomalous high heat flow has sparked interest in the potential for geothermal development in Singapore. This geothermal resource may be potentially significant and could be exploited through Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) technology, i.e. a method to create artificial permeability at depth in granitic or sandstone formations as found under Singapore. The apparently ever-increasing fossil fuel price has made the cost of using the EGS technology more viable than it was in the past. Thus, to assess the resource, a numerical model for the geothermal reservoir has been constructed. Mass and heat flows in the system are simulated in 2D with AUTOUGH2.2, and the graphical interface processed through MULGRAPH2.2. Natural state calibration was performed to match both the observed and the expected groundwater profile, and also to match the hot water upflow at the Sembawang hot spring, with simulated flowrate matching the hot spring natural flowrate. The simulation gives an encouraging result of 125 - 150 °C hot water at depth 1.25 – 2.75 km.

scholarly journals The Estimation of Reservoir Temperature for Thermal Springs Using the Integrated Multicomponent Geothermometry Method at Changbai Mountain, Northeastern Songliao Basin, China

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Na ◽  
Bai-zhong Yan ◽  
Bao-ming Chi ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Xue Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Volcanic Region ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
Songliao Plain ◽  
Circulation Characteristics

The Changbai Mountain volcanic region, eastern Songliao Plain, China, is considered a potential target development area for geothermal water exploitation. To assess the feasibility of geothermal development, we applied integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) in the program GeoT to estimate the geothermal reservoir temperatures for four major thermal springs in this area. Numerical optimizations of Al and HCO3- concentrations, dilutions, and steam fractions were conducted to reconstruct the original deep fluid compositions by the IMG method. The results show that the geothermal reservoir temperatures of these springs range from 118 to 172°C in the Changbai Mountain volcanic region. In contrast to classic geothermometers, the IMG method can quantify processes affecting the fluid chemical composition and yield reasonable temperatures. The reservoir temperatures for the Julong and Jinjiang thermal springs are significantly greater than those for the Shibadaogou and Xianrenqiao thermal springs. Moreover, the geothermal deep circulation characteristics of the above springs are also investigated based on reservoir temperature estimates. The methods presented in this study could be applied to other geothermal fields under similar geothermal resource conditions.

Numerical Study on the Temperature Behavior in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs and Analysis Methodology for Geothermal Reservoir Characterization and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Wei ◽  
Shiqing Cheng ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Ruilian Gao ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Field ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Geothermal Reservoirs ◽  
Naturally Fractured ◽  
Heat Expansion ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Abstract An important way to develop geothermal energy is by producing low-medium temperature fluids from naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs. Pressure analysis is the most used to characterize such reservoirs for improving development efficiency. However, pressure inversion easily leads to non-uniqueness and cannot estimate thermal properties. Additionally, no reliable methods are proposed to evaluate the development potential of geothermal reservoirs. To narrow the gap, this study aims at studying the temperature behaviors and exploring suitable analysis method for characterizing geothermal reservoir and evaluating development potential. The numerical and analytical models are simultaneously established to analyze the temperature behaviors. Our models account for the J-T effect (μJT), adiabatic heat expansion/compression effect (η), reservoir damage, viscous dissipation, heat conduction and convection effects. The solution's development is dependent on the fact that the effects of reservoir temperature changes on transient pressure can be ignored so that the pressure and energy equations can be decoupled. We firstly compute reservoir pressure field based on Kazemi model, then use this obtained pressure field to solve the energy-balance equations. The numerical solution is verified and is found to be in good agreement with the proposed analytical solutions. This work shows that the most used constant μJT and η assumption will produce inaccurate temperature results when reservoir temperature changes significantly. Moreover, we find that temperature behaviors can exhibit three heat radial flow regimes (HRFR) and a heat inter-porosity regime with V-shape characteristic. Fracture thermal storativity ratio and matrix heat inter-porosity coefficient defined in this study can be estimated from this characteristic, which are further used to evaluate geothermal development potential. Our work also shows that temperature data can give information that would not be provided by conventional pressure analysis. The temperature derivative curve will show ‘hump’ characteristic if reservoir is damaged. The temperature data can characterize the skin-zone radius and permeability. More than that, the properties such as J-T coefficient, effective adiabatic heat expansion coefficient and porosity can be estimated. Eventually, an integrated workflow of using both temperature and pressure data analysis is presented to characterize naturally fractured geothermal reservoir for the first time. Simulated test examples were interpreted to demonstrate its applicability.

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