Neurobehavioral assessment of Danio rerio intoxicated by sodium arsenate and the use of Arsenicum Album to reverse the condition of anxiety

Background: Various studies have indicated that the zebrafish serves as a useful and easily executable experimental model. Environmental pollution caused by heavy metal waste is very relevant due to the widespread use of heavy metals in industrial and agricultural practices, and the fact that many effluents are released into the environment without any treatment. Sodium arsenate changes behavioral parameters and brain ectonucleotidase activities in zebrafish1. Aims: The objective of this paper is to assess behavioral changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by sodium arsenate, through an analysis of locomotor activity and anxiety-related parameters, and determine whether ultra-diluted substances are able to mitigate neurobehavioral effects. Materials and methods: Zebrafish were held in aquariums with controlled temperature and pH, until the time of the toxicological experiment. The animals were exposed for 96 hours to the heavy metal sodium arsenate and divided into four groups with eight fish in each: Arsenicum Album 6 cH, Arsenicum Album 30 cH and inert aqueous solution (positive control) groups received drugs made in distilled water, according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia; the experiment was blinded. The fourth white control group (negative control) did not receive the sodium arsenate or drugs. All the homeopathic drugs that treated the heavy metal toxicity were initiated 5 days before the end of the experiment (therefore, the animals were already taking the medication one day before exposure). Afterwards, the animals underwent behavioral tests (locomotion and anxiety) to assess neurotoxicity. All the animals went through various steps: assessment of neurotoxicity signs where the following was observed: time and frequency on the surface and erratic movements; general activity test in an Open Field, where it was observed: time in seconds of locomotion and immobility; and light/dark test (anxiety-like behavior), where it was observed: the number of times the animals crossed from the light to the dark compartment, how long they spent on each side, number of attempts to enter each compartment and immobility time on the light side. The data obtained was analyzed statistically by ANOVA, followed by Bartlett's Test and the Tukey Test, with p?0.052. CEUA Protocol No. 07/2016. Results and Discussion: The heavy metal sodium arsenate produced an anxiogenic effect in the animals that were subjected to it without medication (aqueous solution, positive control group). This effect was observed in the light/dark test through increased time (sec) of the animals on the dark side (245.361.82) in relation to the control group (101.162.3) and a consequent decrease in time of the animals on the light side (54.336.3) compared to the control group (198.962.3). There was also a decrease in locomotion (quadrants) on the light side (96.263.7) in relation to the control group (201.889.2). In the Open Field, there was a decrease in the total of quadrants crossed (346.241.33) compared to the control group (520.5131.6), as well as an increase in the erratic movements (3.50.7) in relation to the control group (1.70.9), proving the toxic effect of heavy metals in the animals. The group that was medicated with Arsenicum Album 30 cH showed a decrease in the erratic movements (0.661.0) in relation to the intoxicated animals, resulting values close to the control group. The group that took Arsenicum Album 6 cH reversed all the positive control parameters (aqueous solution) in a statistically significant way, maintaining the values of the dark side time, the light side time and the clear side locomotion (161.663.7; 138.496.3; 121.049.8, respectively) close to the values of the control animals. Arsenicum 6 cH also increased the total number of quadrants in the Open Field (525.0142.3) and reduced the erratic movements (2.51.1), demonstrating anxiolytic ability. Clear side time for the animals treated with Arsenicum Album 6 cH, in relation to the control group, was more similar, and the same occurred in regard to the dark side time. When fish are treated with anxiolytics, they tend to remain more time on the light side, which indicates decreased anxiety (Serra et al. 1999). In relation to locomotion on the light side, there was a greater similarity between the control group and the fish treated with Arsenicum Album 6 cH, as well as in the displacement behavior in the Open Field with respect to the total number of quadrants of the fish displacement, which coincides with data from the literature that reports increased locomotor activity, as anxiety decreases. Locomotion or swimming activity is also used as an anxiety index and suppression of this activity is indicative of anxiety3. In relation to erratic movements, it was observed that this behavior decreased in animals treated with a concentration of 6 cH as well as with those treated with a concentration of 30 cH, compared to the positive control. Conclusion: The animals intoxicated by the heavy metal sodium arsenate showed increased anxiety, which was reversed by Arsenicum Album that in a concentration of 6cH proved to be more effective as a possible anxiolytic. Other studies are already being conducted by our group. Keywords: Homeopathy, High Dilution, Zebrafish, Intoxication. References 1. Baldissarelli, L.A.; Capiotti, K.M.; Bogo, M.R.; Ghisleni, G; Bonan, C.D. Arsenic alters behavioral parameters and brain ectonucleotidases activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 155: 566-572, 2012. 2. Zar, J. H. Biostatistical analysis. 5 ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010. 944 p. 3. Blaser R.E., Chadwick L., Mcginnis G.C. Behavioral measures of anxiety in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res. 2009.

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Antidepressant-like Effect of Baccharis Ilimita in the Forced Swimming Test in Mice

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70885-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Kikko ◽

P. Koerich ◽

E. Bondan ◽

F. Nunes ◽

M. Pizzolatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Open Field ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Forced Swimming Test ◽

Positive Control ◽

Forced Swimming ◽

Control Group ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Swimming Test

The aim of the present work was to investigate if flowers extract (FE) and leaf extract (LE) of Baccharis ilimita (Asteraceae) induced antidepressant-like effect. Previous phytochemical investigations have shown the presence of structurally and biogenetically diverse secondary metabolites in this gene, such as flavonoids, diterpenes and triterpenes. Male Swiss mice were injected with FE and LE (12.5; 25.0 or 50.0 mg/kg; i.p.) or saline (S) and after 30 min, they were tested in the forced swimming test (FST). The results showed that FE and LE (50 mg/kg) decreased the duration of immobility time in comparison to the control group (S: 114.8s ± 10.23; FE50: 47.52s ± 9.45; LE50: 53.36s ± 10.38). However, the 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg doses had no effect on the immobility time in comparison to the control group. The FE and LE did not produce any change in ambulation in mice when tested in an open field. The imipramine (IMP; 15.0 mg/kg i.p.) was used as the positive control. Our results suggested that FE and LE of Baccharis ilimita presents antidepressant-like effect in mice. Such results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect may be attributed at lest partially the flavonoids or the interaction of the active(s) principle(s) present in this plant.Descritores:Baccharis ilimita. Forced swimming test. Depression. Mice.

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The protective effect of Zinc and Magnesium against subchronic Cadmium toxicity in Wistar rats (Biochemical and neurobehavioral effects)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i5.29078 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 217-225

Author(s):

Djemli Samir

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Open Field ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Control Group ◽

Cadmium Poisoning ◽

Behavioral Parameters ◽

Group A ◽

Cadmium Zinc

Objective: The present study shows the beneficial effect of (zinc 10mg / kg + magnesium 10mg / kg) against cadmium poisoning at a dose of 15mg / kg on biochemical parameters and neurobehavioral functions in Wistar rats during a period of 45 days. Methods: The experiment was carried out on 20 Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 232g for an initial weight before starting treatment with cadmium. The rats are grouped in cages at a rate of 5 in groups:Group (1) control: was supplied only with waterGroup (2) contaminated with cadmium (Cd):Â water plus oral administration cadmium dose 15mg / Kg / l.Group (3) contaminated with (Cd) dose 15mg / Kg / l in water plus magnesium (Mg) dose 10mg / Kg / l oral administration.Group (4) contaminated with (Cd) dose 15mg / Kg / l in water plus zinc (Zn) dose 10mg / Kg / l oral administration.Results: The rats exposure to cadmium showed a very highly significant decrease in body weight of cadmium-contaminated rats (P <0.001) compared with the control group. Regarding the biochemical parameters, there was a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the cadmium group blood glucose level compared to the control group, a highly significant increase (P <0.01) in the group urea level. cadmium compared to the control, a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the creatinine level of the cadmium lot compared to the control, a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) of transaminases (GOT, GPT) of the group cadmium relative to the control, complete blood Â count (CBC) demonstrated a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the white blood cell count, the hematocrit of the cadmium lot compared to the control, a very highly significant decrease (P <0.001). ) the red blood cell and hemoglobin levels of the cadmium group compared to the control. A significant improvement (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of lots: zinc, magnesium, cadmium + zinc and cadmium + zinc compared to cadmium. However, the results obtained from the neurobehavioral tests reveal a significant elevation (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) in the number of cells crossed, the number of straightening in the test. Open field in the group exposed to cadmium resulting in locomotors hyperactivity compared to the control and it is minimal in other groups treated with zinc and magnesium. On the other hand, the plus maze (labyrinth test) revealed a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of the time spent in the closed arms of the cadmium group compared to the control, a significant improvement (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of the lots: zinc, magnesium, cadmium + zinc and cadmium + zinc compared with cadmium. Conclusion: Subchronic cadmium toxicity has harmful effects on the biochemical, hematological and neuro-behavioral parameters of Â Wistar rats, with the installation of an anxiety that will lead to a depressive state, which will be reduced and improved by the antioxidant effect of zinc + magnesium.Â Keywords: Cadmium-zinc-magnesium-subchronic toxicity-Wistar-Open field-plus mazeÂ

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Influence of Propylparaben on Vitellogenesis and Sex Ratio in Juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200978020319 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Přemysl Mikula ◽

Kamila Kružíková ◽

Radka Dobšíková ◽

Danka Haruštiaková ◽

Zdeňka Svobodová

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Sex Differentiation ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group

The aim of the study was to evaluate the xeno-oestrogenic potential of propylparaben in vivo using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Experimental juvenile zebrafish (20 days post hatching) were fed a feed containing 500, 1000, or 2000 mg kg-1 of propylparaben, fish in a positive control group were given a feed treated with 20 mg kg-1 of 17β-oestradiol, and the control fish were given the feed free of either tested substance. The exposure of fish to propylparaben did not affect vitellogenesis after 20 days exposure but seemed to influence the sex differentiation processes, as evidenced by a sex ratio significantly skewed towards females in the group fed 500 mg kg-1 of propylparaben following 45 days of exposure. The potential of the fish to respond to oestrogenic stimulation was confirmed, since significantly higher vitellogenin concentrations were detected in the fish from the positive control group.

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Utilization of Tofu Dregs Flour in Making Snack Bars for People with Diabetes Mellitus

Media Ilmiah Teknologi Pangan (Scientific Journal of Food Technology) ◽

10.24843/mitp.2020.v07.i01.p04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Ni Putu Diah Cahyani Subamia ◽

Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽

I Dewa Gede Mayun Permana

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Control Group ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Control Group Design

Type II diabetes mellitus due to an unhealthy lifestyle, one of which is the lack of fiber in daily food consumption. One food that has a high fiber content is tofu dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour to produce a snack bar with the best characteristics, and determine the effect of consumption of snack bar from tofu dregs on blood sugar content in rats. The research was conducted two steps. Step I: Formulation of snack bar using a completely randomized design with tofu dregs flour concentration of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 %. The variables of this study were the content of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sensory tests, and effectiveness tests. Step II: the best characteristic snack bar in the step I was used experimental rats. This step used true experimental design with pre-post test control group design. The variables of study were blood glucose levels before treatment and after treatment. The treatment group consisted of normal, negative, positive control, and snack bar. The results of the first step of the research showed that substitution of wheat flour with 40 % tofu dregs produced the best characteristic snack bar with 17.19 % water content, 1.33 % ash content, 11.03 % protein, 20.53 % fat, 49.92 % carbohydrate, light brown color, unpleasant aroma, distinctive soy taste, crumb texture, 0.63 % water soluble food fiber, 1.57 % water insoluble fiber, and total food fiber 2.36 %. The results of the second step of the study showed that the provision of substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour 40 % could reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic mellitus rats until normal, start 290 mg/dl to 108.5 mg/dl. Tofu dregs flour can be used for snack bar formulations for people with diabetes mellitus.

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The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Arya Barahmanta ◽

Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽

Pambudi Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Area

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a interaction prosess of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO). Purpose: To determine the difference number of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. Materials and Methods: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male) were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. Result: The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). Conclusion: Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, Osteocyte Correspondence: Arya Brahmanta, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">arya.brahmanta@hangtuah.ac.id</a>

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Comparing the Genetic Detox Ability and Heavy Metal Burden in a Cohort of Samples of Egyptian Children and those with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Clinical and Medical Research ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-4333-1(2)-009 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Blaurock-Busch E

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Potentially Toxic Metals ◽

Gstt1 Null Genotype ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Glutathione S Transferases ◽

Metal Burden ◽

Detoxification Pathway

The heavy metal burden of patients with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been widely discussed [1-5]. Present knowledge suggests that ASD patients, compared to ‘normal’s’ show a greater metal burden, which may be a cause of the ASD pathogenesis, possibly due to a limited detoxification potential. We thus aimed to evaluate if the metal burden of ASD children is due to comprised detoxification ability, and if missing of enzymes such as the glutathione-S-transferases provide an explanation, or if additional factors play a role. Genetically, we noticed a slight difference in the detoxification ability of the ASD group compared to the Control group. In the ASD group, carrier of the genotype GSTT1 null genotype (i.e. the homozygous loss) are 1.7 times more common as in the Control group and the GSTT1 allele is more frequent in the ASD patient collective. These findings are not statistically significant but indicate a trend. In addition, our data indicates that levels of potentially toxic metals in blood and hair of both groups demonstrate a similar immediate and long-term exposure. However, 36% of the ASD group showed signs of zinc deficiency compared to 11% of the Control group and this points towards inefficiency of the Phase I detoxification pathway. More research is needed to explore the role of other elements in the detoxification pathway.

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Comparative Bio-sorption of Cadmium and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Fibers of Date Palm using Fluidized Bed Column

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.5.7160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 1507-1512

Author(s):

Baker M. Abod ◽

Ramy Mohamed Jebir Al-Alawy ◽

Firas Hashim Kamar ◽

Gheorghe Nechifor

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Date Palm ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height

The aim of this study is to use the dry fibers of date palm as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by fluidized bed column. The effects of many operating conditions such as superficial velocity, static bed height, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated. FTIR analyses clarified that hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups could be very effective for bio-sorption of these heavy metal ions. SEM images showed that dry fibers of date palm have a high porosity and that metal ions can be trapped and sorbed into pores. The results show that a bed height of 6 cm, velocity of 1.1Umf and initial concentration for each heavy metal ions of 50 mg/L are most feasible and give high removal efficiency. The fluidized bed reactor was modeled using ideal plug flow and this model was solved numerically by utilizing the MATLAB software for fitting the measured breakthrough results. The breakthrough curves for metal ions gave the order of bio-sorption capacity as follow: Cd(II)]Ni(II).

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Stabilization of Hazardous Materials into Ferrites

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0438 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (1-3) ◽

pp. 399-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y. Tamaura ◽

P. Q. Tu ◽

S. Rojarayanont ◽

H. Abe

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Present Method ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Waste Waters ◽

Formation Reaction ◽

Coating Method ◽

Hazardous Metal

Stabilization of the hazardous materials by the Fe3O4-coating method was studied. In the ferrite-formation reaction in the aqueous solution, the adsorption of the metal ions and the oxidation of the adsorbed Fe(II) ions are repeated on the surface of the ferrite particles. This reaction was adopted to the coating of the hazardous materials with the Fe3O4(or ferrite). By repeating the two steps of l)the addition of the Fe(II) aqueous solution into the suspension of the hazardous materials, and 2)the oxidation by passing air through the reaction suspension, with the Fe3O4 layer, we could coat the surfaces of the hazardous materials, such as the heavy metal sludge from the neutralization-precipitation process, the CaF2 precipitates in the treatment of the waste waters containing fluoride ion along with hazardous metal ions, and the soils containing Cd(II) ion. These Fe3O4-coated hazardous materials are very stable and no heavy metal ions are leached under the normal environmental conditions. The ferrite sludges formed in the “Ferrite Process” were highly stabilized by the present method, and by the heat-treatment.

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In vitro and in vivo Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Against Clostridium botulinum Type A Botulinum

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180403163946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Aminianfar ◽

Siavash Parvardeh ◽

Mohsen Soleimani

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Type A ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Nano Silver

Background: Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, a serious paralytic illness that results from the ingestion of a botulinum toxin. Because silver nanoparticle products exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, applications for silver nanoparticles in healthcare have expanded. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of botulism toxicity using silver nanoparticles. Methods: A preliminary test was conducted using doses that produce illness in laboratory animals to determine the absolute lethal dose (LD100) of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in mice. Next, the test animals were divided into six groups containing six mice each. Groups I, II and III were the negative control (botulinum toxin only), positive control-1 (nano-silver only) and positive control-2 (no treatment), respectively. The remaining groups were allocated to the toxin that was supplemented with three nano-silver treatments. Results: The mortality rates of mice caused by BoNT/A significantly reduced in the treatment groups with different doses and injection intervals of nano-silver when compared to the negative control group. BoNT/A toxicity induced by intraperitoneal injection of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum causes rapid death while when coupled with nano-osilver results in delayed death in mice. Conclusion: These results, while open to future improvement, represent a preliminary step towards the satisfactory control of BoNT/A with the use of silver nanoparticles for human protection against this bioterrorism threat. Further study in this area can elucidate the underlying mechanism for detoxifying BoNT/A by silver nanoparticles.

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Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

Jurnal Katalisator ◽

10.22216/jk.v3i1.2178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Verawaty Verawaty ◽

Dhea Claudia Novel

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.

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