Comparison of Health and Economic Values of SARS-COV2 Vaccination with Preventive Measures (Stay-at-Home, Mask and Hand Sanitizer) in California

ABSTRACT Introduction: One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely stay-at-home (SAH) orders issued by governors. Methods: State-level search volume was collected from Google Trends. Average preventive measure interest was calculated for the query terms “hand sanitizer,” “hand washing,” “social distancing,” and “COVID testing.” We then calculated the delay in statewide SAH orders from March 1, 2020, to the date of issuance and by-state presidential voting percentage. Bivariate correlations were computed to assess the relationship between interest in preventive measures and SAH order delay. Results: The correlation between average preventive measure interest and length of time before the SAH order was placed was −0.47. Average preventive measure interest was also inversely related to voting for a Republican presidential nominee in the 2016 election (R = −0.75), the latter of which was positively associated with longer delays in SAH orders (R = 0.48). Conclusions: States with greater public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures were inversely related to governor issuance of timely SAH orders. Increasing public interest in preventive measures may slow the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), by improving preparedness.

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Association of Public Interest in Preventive Measures and Increased COVID-19 Cases After the Expiration of Stay-at-Home Orders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.333 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Micah Hartwell ◽

Benjamin Greiner ◽

Zach Kilburn ◽

Ryan Ottwell

Keyword(s):

Public Interest ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Case Fatality ◽

State Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Search Volume ◽

At Home

ABSTRACT Objective: Following stay-at-home (SAH) orders issued for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), state-level economic concerns increased and many let these orders expire. As a method to measure public preparedness, we sought to explore the association between public interest in preventive measures and the easing of SAH orders – specifically the increases in COVID-19 cases and fatalities after the orders expired. Methods: Search volume was collected from Google Trends for “hand sanitizer,” “social distancing,” “COVID testing,” and “contact tracing” for each state. Bivariate correlations were computed to analyze associations between public interest in preventive measures, changes in confirmed COVID-19 cases after SAH expirations, COVID-19 case-fatality rates, and by-state presidential voting percentages. Results: A higher interest in preventive measures was associated with lower rates of confirmed cases after SAH orders had expired (r = −0.33), higher state-wide deaths per capita (r = 0.42), and case-fatality rates (r = 0.60). Moderate to strong negative correlations were found between states’ percentage of voters supporting the Republican nominee in 2016 and proportion of queries for average preventive measures (r = −0.77). Conclusion: Our investigation shows that increased public interest in COVID-19 prevention was associated with longer SAH orders and less COVID-19 cases after the SAH orders’ expiration; however, it was also associated with higher case-fatality rates.

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Public Awareness of Preventive Measures against COVID-19: A Google Trends Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25068 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Mok ◽

Oliver Oi Yat Mui ◽

Kwan Pui Tang ◽

Chi-Fai NG ◽

Sunny Hei Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Temporal Trend ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Google Trends ◽

Online Searching ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Heat Maps ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Incidence Data

BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has led to increase in global awareness of related public health preventive measures. The public awareness can be reflected by online searching trends of major search engines, namely Google Trends. OBJECTIVE This study aims to interpret online searches of COVID-19 related public health preventive measures and to identify possible correlations between early search trends and progression of the pandemic. METHODS Search data from five queries “Mask”, “Hand Washing”, “Social Distancing”, “Hand Sanitizer”, and “Disinfectant” were extracted from Google Trends (GT) in the form of Relative Search Volumes (RSV). Global incidence data of COVID-19 was obtained from January 1st to June 30th 2020. Subsequently, the data were analyzed and illustrated in forms of a global temporal RSV trend diagram, a geographical RSV distribution chart, scatter graphs comparing regional RSV with average daily cases; and heat-maps comparing temporal trend of RSV with average daily cases. RESULTS Global temporal trend revealed multiple surges in RSV, which were temporally associated with certain COVID news events. Geographical distribution showed differences of query interests among regions. Although scatter graphs failed to illustrate strong correlations between regional RSV and average daily cases, the heat-maps were able to demonstrate patterns of early RSV peaks in countries with lower average daily cases, for queries “Mask”, “Hand Sanitizer”, and “Disinfectant”, upon incorporating with the temporal element into analysis. CONCLUSIONS Early public awareness of multiple preventive measures was observed in countries with lower daily average cases. Public health authorities may look into early public awareness as an effective measure for future disease control.

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EVALUATION OF EAZY PASSPORT ACTIVITIES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF SERVICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC BY IMMIGRATION POLYTECHNIC CADETS

Jurnal Abdimas Imigrasi ◽

10.52617/jaim.v2i2.247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bagus Muahamad Iskandar ◽

Rasona Sunara Akbar

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Alternative Form ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Directorate General ◽

The Government ◽

The City ◽

Rules Set ◽

At Home

At the beginning of 2020 the whole world was in an uproar with the emergence of a virus that can attack the respiratory tract and can even make its victims die. Covid-19 or Corona Virus is the cause. When entering the end of 2019 in December the first Covid-19 cases appeared in the city of Wuhan, China (People's Republic of China). This virus spreads very quickly through droplets or fluids. At the beginning of March 2020, Covid-19 cases had started to enter Indonesia, precisely in Depok City. It is reported that there are 2 people who have contracted Covid-19.. People began to self-quarantine at home, and always maintain cleanliness by washing hands and using hand sanitizer. Some people even spray disinfectant in their homes to kill the Covid-19 virus. The government has also stepped in to tackle this problem. The government asks residents to always comply with health protocols and use masks and reduce activities outside the home if it is not too urgent. The Indonesian Directorate General of Immigration issues policies related to making passports during the pandemic, such as limiting the number of passport applicants in the immigration office. Applicants are also required to follow the health protocol rules set by the immigration authorities.

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Don't Let Ultraviolet Hurt Your Eyes During SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection: A Retrospective Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-597049/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liuxueying Zhong ◽

Rongjiao Liu ◽

Jingyi Peng ◽

Wanwen Shao ◽

Xiaofeng Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Retrospective Observational Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Equivalent Control ◽

Eye Damage ◽

Uv Lamp ◽

Uv Lamps ◽

At Home

Abstract Purpose: A retrospective observational study was carried on to investigate whether UV lamp will increase the risk of eye damage by comparing the exposure factors leading to ultraviolet keratitis (UVK) during the epidemic of COVID-19 and the control group in 2019.Methods: Data on UVK patients with clear exposure histories and typical symptoms were gathered. The date acquisition refers to the most crucial period in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (24 January to 29 February in 2020, crucial period for short) in China, while the equivalent control 37- day period in 2019 refers to the period from 4 February to 12 March (control group for short). The detailed information of UVK cases were gathered through questionnaire survey, including injury photosources, ultraviolet applications, onset locations. Results: This retrospective observational study of 81 patients revealed that the number of UVK cases during crucial period 1 was threefold higher (n=61 patients) than control group (n=20 patients). All cases who recorded injury photosources were injury by UV lamps during crucial period, while by UV lamps (61.54%) or welding (38.46%) during control group. There were more than 70% of UVK cases injured at home by household UV lamps during crucial period, while were 15.38% during control group. They are significant differences in UVK photosource and exposure location between 2 groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Household UV lamp users should be informed about possible UVK risk and of relevant preventive measures. Government and media should guide people use household disinfection items rationally and safely.

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THE ROLE OF HEALTHY INFORMATION IN THE PROPAGATION OF HEALTHY CULTURE ‎DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF CORONA VIRUS “THE NATIONAL ENTERPRISE OF THE ALGERIAN TELEVISION AS A MODEL”‎‎

RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47832/2717-8293.8-3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (08) ◽

pp. 72-80

Author(s):

Saida AZZOUZ

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Research Paper ◽

Information Campaigns ◽

Corona Virus ◽

National Enterprise ◽

At Home

This research paper aims at identifying the role of the National ‎Enterprise of the Algerian Television with its various channels in the ‎propagation of healthy culture and in the awareness of people and their ‎sensibilization with their responsibility towards their health and others’ ‎health especially with the emergence of Corona Virus or what is called ‎‎"Covid-19".‎ During that period the interest about healthy information in increased, ‎so, the Algerian Television played an important role in explaining, ‎clarifying and convining people about the danger of this virus and the ‎importance of following the preventive measures and this through its ‎programmes in order to confront this pandemic, so, the Algerian Television ‎programmed special programmes, and emissions in order to present the ‎necessary information about this pandemic and this through months of ‎doctors and specialists that were invited to their studios as well as various ‎information campaigns related to this pandemic. In addition to that, the ‎channels of the National Enterprise of the Algerian Television used slogans ‎in order to remind the viewer, all along the 24 hours, to stay at home and to ‎take care of his health and his health is between his hands‎‎‎. Keywords: Healthy Information, Healthy Culture, Healthy Education, National ‎Enterprise of the Algerian Television, Corona Crisis‎‎.

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Exploring online search behavior for COVID-19 preventive measures: The Philippine case

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249810

Author(s):

Adrian Galido ◽

Jerina Jean Ecleo ◽

Atina Husnayain ◽

Emily Chia-Yu Su

Keyword(s):

Information Needs ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Face Mask ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Google Trends ◽

Social Distancing ◽

The Public ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Search Terms

Public health agencies have suggested nonpharmaceutical interventions to curb the spread of the COVID-19 infections. The study intended to explore the information-seeking behavior and information needs on preventive measures for COVID-19 in the Philippine context. The search interests and related queries for COVID-19 terms and each of the preventive measures for the period from December 31, 2019 to April 6, 2020 were generated from Google Trends. The search terms employed for COVID-19 were coronavirus, ncov, covid-19, covid19 and “covid 19.” The search terms of the preventive measures considered for this study included “community quarantine”, “cough etiquette”, “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer”, handwashing or “hand washing” and “social distancing.” Spearman’s correlation was employed between the new daily COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 terms and the different preventive measures. The relative search volume for the coronavirus disease showed an increase up to the pronouncement of the country’s first case of COVID-19. An uptrend was also evident after the country’s first local transmission was confirmed. A strong positive correlation (rs = .788, p < .001) was observed between the new daily cases and search interests for COVID-19. The search interests for the different measures and the new daily cases were also positively correlated. Similarly, the search interests for the different measures and the COVID-19 terms were all positively correlated. The search interests for “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer” and handwashing or “hand washing” were more correlated with the search interest for COVID-19 than with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases. The search interests for “cough etiquette”, “social distancing” and “community quarantine” were more correlated with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases than with the search interest for COVID-19. The public sought for additional details such as type, directions for proper use, and where to purchase as well as do-it-yourself alternatives for personal protective items. Personal protective or community measures were expected to be accompanied with definitions and guidelines as well as be available in translated versions. Google Trends could be a viable option to monitor and address the information needs of the public during a disease outbreak. Capturing and analyzing the search interests of the public could support the design and timely delivery of appropriate information essential to drive preventive measures during a disease outbreak.

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Hand Sanitizer Limits Spread of GI Bugs at Home

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(05)70420-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

DIANA MAHONEY

Keyword(s):

Hand Sanitizer ◽

At Home

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Diagnose it yourself: will there be a home test kit for Alzheimer’s disease?

Neurodegenerative Disease Management ◽

10.2217/nmt-2020-0065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Felix Menne ◽

Carola G Schipke

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Neurodegenerative Process ◽

Home Test ◽

Test Strategies ◽

Test Kit ◽

Low Threshold ◽

Novel Approaches ◽

At Home

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative process leading to dementia. To date, there is no curative approach; thus, establishing a diagnosis as early as possible is necessary to implement preventive measures. However, today’s gold standard for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease is high in both cost and effort and is not readily available. This defines the need for low-effort and economic alternatives that give patients low-threshold access to testing systems at their general practitioners or even at home for an independent retrieval of a biologic specimen. This perspective gives an overview of established and novel approaches in the field and speculates on the future of test strategies eventually technically implementable at home.

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