scholarly journals Public Interest in Preventive Measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated With Timely Issuance of Statewide Stay-at-Home Orders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Benjamin Greiner ◽  
Ryan Ottwell ◽  
Matt Vassar ◽  
Micah Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
State Level ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Introduction: One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely stay-at-home (SAH) orders issued by governors. Methods: State-level search volume was collected from Google Trends. Average preventive measure interest was calculated for the query terms “hand sanitizer,” “hand washing,” “social distancing,” and “COVID testing.” We then calculated the delay in statewide SAH orders from March 1, 2020, to the date of issuance and by-state presidential voting percentage. Bivariate correlations were computed to assess the relationship between interest in preventive measures and SAH order delay. Results: The correlation between average preventive measure interest and length of time before the SAH order was placed was −0.47. Average preventive measure interest was also inversely related to voting for a Republican presidential nominee in the 2016 election (R = −0.75), the latter of which was positively associated with longer delays in SAH orders (R = 0.48). Conclusions: States with greater public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures were inversely related to governor issuance of timely SAH orders. Increasing public interest in preventive measures may slow the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), by improving preparedness.

scholarly journals Association of Public Interest in Preventive Measures and Increased COVID-19 Cases After the Expiration of Stay-at-Home Orders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Hartwell ◽  
Benjamin Greiner ◽  
Zach Kilburn ◽  
Ryan Ottwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Objective: Following stay-at-home (SAH) orders issued for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), state-level economic concerns increased and many let these orders expire. As a method to measure public preparedness, we sought to explore the association between public interest in preventive measures and the easing of SAH orders – specifically the increases in COVID-19 cases and fatalities after the orders expired. Methods: Search volume was collected from Google Trends for “hand sanitizer,” “social distancing,” “COVID testing,” and “contact tracing” for each state. Bivariate correlations were computed to analyze associations between public interest in preventive measures, changes in confirmed COVID-19 cases after SAH expirations, COVID-19 case-fatality rates, and by-state presidential voting percentages. Results: A higher interest in preventive measures was associated with lower rates of confirmed cases after SAH orders had expired (r = −0.33), higher state-wide deaths per capita (r = 0.42), and case-fatality rates (r = 0.60). Moderate to strong negative correlations were found between states’ percentage of voters supporting the Republican nominee in 2016 and proportion of queries for average preventive measures (r = −0.77). Conclusion: Our investigation shows that increased public interest in COVID-19 prevention was associated with longer SAH orders and less COVID-19 cases after the SAH orders’ expiration; however, it was also associated with higher case-fatality rates.

scholarly journals Exploring online search behavior for COVID-19 preventive measures: The Philippine case

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249810
Author(s):  
Adrian Galido ◽  
Jerina Jean Ecleo ◽  
Atina Husnayain ◽  
Emily Chia-Yu Su
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Search Terms

Public health agencies have suggested nonpharmaceutical interventions to curb the spread of the COVID-19 infections. The study intended to explore the information-seeking behavior and information needs on preventive measures for COVID-19 in the Philippine context. The search interests and related queries for COVID-19 terms and each of the preventive measures for the period from December 31, 2019 to April 6, 2020 were generated from Google Trends. The search terms employed for COVID-19 were coronavirus, ncov, covid-19, covid19 and “covid 19.” The search terms of the preventive measures considered for this study included “community quarantine”, “cough etiquette”, “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer”, handwashing or “hand washing” and “social distancing.” Spearman’s correlation was employed between the new daily COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 terms and the different preventive measures. The relative search volume for the coronavirus disease showed an increase up to the pronouncement of the country’s first case of COVID-19. An uptrend was also evident after the country’s first local transmission was confirmed. A strong positive correlation (rs = .788, p < .001) was observed between the new daily cases and search interests for COVID-19. The search interests for the different measures and the new daily cases were also positively correlated. Similarly, the search interests for the different measures and the COVID-19 terms were all positively correlated. The search interests for “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer” and handwashing or “hand washing” were more correlated with the search interest for COVID-19 than with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases. The search interests for “cough etiquette”, “social distancing” and “community quarantine” were more correlated with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases than with the search interest for COVID-19. The public sought for additional details such as type, directions for proper use, and where to purchase as well as do-it-yourself alternatives for personal protective items. Personal protective or community measures were expected to be accompanied with definitions and guidelines as well as be available in translated versions. Google Trends could be a viable option to monitor and address the information needs of the public during a disease outbreak. Capturing and analyzing the search interests of the public could support the design and timely delivery of appropriate information essential to drive preventive measures during a disease outbreak.

Reduction of Illness Absenteeism in Elementary Schools Using an Alcohol-free Instant Hand Sanitizer

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. White ◽  
Fay S. Shinder ◽  
Arnold L. Shinder ◽  
David L. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The Relationship

Hand washing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable disease. The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess whether an alcohol-free, instant hand sanitizer containing surfactants, allantoin, and benzalkonium chloride could reduce illness absenteeism in a population of 769 elementary school children and serve as an effective alternative when regular soap and water hand washing was not readily available. Prior to the study, students were educated about proper hand washing technique, the importance of hand washing to prevent transmission of germs, and the relationship between germs and illnesses. Children in kindergarten through the 6th grade (ages 5–12) were assigned to the active or placebo hand-sanitizer product and instructed to use the product at scheduled times during the day and as needed after coughing or sneezing. Data on illness absenteeism were tracked. After 5 weeks, students using the active product were 33% less likely to have been absent because of illness when compared with the placebo group.

scholarly journals The content of the preventive measure of home detention

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Mihai-Alexandru Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
At Home

The criminal procedural provisions in Romania regulate a number of 5 preventive measures, of which 3 are custodial and two restrictive. Of these, the measure of house arrest, regulated as a novelty at the beginning of 2014, seems to be an intermediate form between judicial control and pre-trial detention, borrowing elements of content from both measures. Compared to the obligations that can be imposed on the defendant arrested at home, certain situations can be left uncovered by the legislator, which can make the measure seem ineffective in practice.

Problems of the rights of participants of criminal proceedings in terms of measures of restraint

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Виктор Новгородцев ◽  
Viktor Novgorodtsev
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Investigative Activity

The article considers the relationship to ensure the rights and freedoms of participants in the proceedings and other persons in the process of application and the election of preventive measures involving deprivation of liberty. The decision on measures of restraint in the form of home arrest must be justified by specific factual circumstances. They may not be data untested in court, in particular the results of operational-investigative activity granted in violation of the requirements of Art. 89 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The legislator leaves the list of premises open to the court with the circumstances of the case where it shall be entitled to decide on the specific premises for the execution of home arrest at its discretion. The Court needs to check the base of residence of the suspect or the accused in a particular dwelling. That must be a house where the defendant resides, where his property and / or the family resides. Location of home arrest may be outside the municipality, in the territory of which the preliminary investigation on the condition that this would not preclude the implementation of the criminal proceedings, in particular bringing the person in the body of inquiry or preliminary investigation body and the court. The essence of home arrest as a preventive measure, a specific set of prohibitions and restrictions are analyzed. At the same time the court should take into account the identity of the suspect or the accused. Necessary additions are proposed to the law to regulate the process of preparing a preventive measure.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene: Hand Washing vs. Hand Sanitizer for Killing the Germs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dian Fajarwati Susilaningrum ◽  
Tri Ujilestari ◽  
Ariani Putri ◽  
Sofiya Salsabila ◽  
Kholifah Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Almost All

This study was conducted to compare handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer to kill germs on hands. Hand washing is one of the preventive measures to avoid various diseases that can be transmitted through hands. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic which has attacked almost all over the world has forced various levels of society to pay more attention to hygiene, especially hand hygiene which can be a bridge for the spread of the virus. The research conducted in this article uses qualitative research methods based on reviews and analysis from several journals related to the comparison of the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer. The results showed that there was a difference in the number of microorganisms in the hands before and after washing hands. Soap and hand sanitizer can eliminate microorganisms because both of these ingredients contain ingredients that can reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the hands such as alcohol and triclosan. From the analysis of several journals related to the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer can be concluded that hand washing using soap and water is considered more effective to eliminate microorganisms on the hands than just the use of hand sanitizer.

scholarly journals Correct Handwashing Education According to WHO Guidelines at MI Muhammadiyah Needs Magelang District

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1130-1133
Author(s):  
Ika Afifah Nugraheni ◽  
Hapsari Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure ◽  
Active Alcohol

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the emergence of a new disease outbreak, Covid-19, which was caused by the SARS COV-2 virus. The school environment is one of the places that is vulnerable to the spread of this virus. An effective preventive measure against the spread of Covid-19 is the application of clean and healthy living habits (PHBS) in the school environment, one of which is the habit of washing hands. However, not all residents in the school understand how to wash their hands properly. The purpose of this service activity is to provide education about proper hands washing according to WHO for MI Muhammadiyah Need in Magelang Regency. The material needed for the implementation of the activity is a hand sanitizer liquid made from 70% active alcohol as a hand disinfectant. Implementation of community service activities using demonstration methods and hands-on practice of hands washing according to WHO. Based on this service activity, not all members of the MI Muhammadiyah Need was known the steps for hands washing properly according to WHO. Through this service, school residents are given knowledge and practice the 8 steps of hand washing according to WHO using a handsanitizer. Thus, school residents are expected to be able to apply proper hand washing methods in their daily life and socialize it to other individuals school residents are given knowledge and practice the 8 steps of hand washing according to WHO using a handsanitizer. Thus, school residents are expected to be able to apply proper hand washing methods in their daily life and socialize it to other individuals school residents are given knowledge and practice the 8 steps of hand washing according to WHO using a handsanitizer. Thus, school residents are expected to be able to apply proper hand washing methods in their daily life and socialize it to other individuals

scholarly journals Investigation Results of the Anxiety Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Ali Çoşkun ◽  
Ahmet Erkasap ◽  
Murat Aksit
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, 403 participants were asked questions to determine the preventive measures being taken and anxiety levels during COVID-19 Pandemic. Participants were almost equally divided between women (55%) and men (45%). The rate of most worried persons about the pandemic was 62%. The risk of anxiety of women compared to men has been calculated as 2.1 times higher (95% CI 1.20–3.84). The Cramer’s V value of the change in hand-washing habit before and after COVID-19 outbreak is 0.706, indicates the existence of a strong relationship. The data is analysed by using SPSS 24.0. ODDS Ratio values are calculated to determine the impact levels, and Cramer’s V value is calculated to determine the relationship in behavior change in hand-washings habits.

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