scholarly journals Don't Let Ultraviolet Hurt Your Eyes During SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection: A Retrospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuxueying Zhong ◽  
Rongjiao Liu ◽  
Jingyi Peng ◽  
Wanwen Shao ◽  
Xiaofeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Eye Damage ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
At Home

Abstract Purpose: A retrospective observational study was carried on to investigate whether UV lamp will increase the risk of eye damage by comparing the exposure factors leading to ultraviolet keratitis (UVK) during the epidemic of COVID-19 and the control group in 2019.Methods: Data on UVK patients with clear exposure histories and typical symptoms were gathered. The date acquisition refers to the most crucial period in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (24 January to 29 February in 2020, crucial period for short) in China, while the equivalent control 37- day period in 2019 refers to the period from 4 February to 12 March (control group for short). The detailed information of UVK cases were gathered through questionnaire survey, including injury photosources, ultraviolet applications, onset locations. Results: This retrospective observational study of 81 patients revealed that the number of UVK cases during crucial period 1 was threefold higher (n=61 patients) than control group (n=20 patients). All cases who recorded injury photosources were injury by UV lamps during crucial period, while by UV lamps (61.54%) or welding (38.46%) during control group. There were more than 70% of UVK cases injured at home by household UV lamps during crucial period, while were 15.38% during control group. They are significant differences in UVK photosource and exposure location between 2 groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Household UV lamp users should be informed about possible UVK risk and of relevant preventive measures. Government and media should guide people use household disinfection items rationally and safely.

scholarly journals Retrospective observational study of the impact on emergency admission of telehealth at scale delivered in community care in Liverpool, UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028981
Author(s):  
Cees van Berkel ◽  
Peter Almond ◽  
Carol Hughes ◽  
Maurice Smith ◽  
Dave Horsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Emergency Admissions ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a real world, ongoing telehealth service on the use of secondary healthcare.DesignA retrospective observational study with anonymous matched controls.SettingPrimary and community healthcare. Patients were recruited over 4 years in 89 general practices in Liverpool, UK and remotely managed by a dedicated clinical team in Liverpool Community Health.Participants5154 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or diabetes were enrolled in the programme, of whom 3562 satisfied the inclusion criteria of this study.InterventionAt least 9 weeks of telehealth including vital sign collection, questionnaires, education, support and informal coaching by clinical staff.Primary outcomeReduction in the number of emergency admissions in the 12 months after start, compared with the year before start. Secondary subgroup analysis to improve future targeting and personalisation of the service.ResultThe average number of emergency admissions for the intervention group at baseline is 0.35, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.38. The differential decrease in emergency admissions in the intervention group in comparison with the control group, the average treatment effect, is 0.08, 95 CI 0.05 to 0.11, corresponding to an average percentage decrease of 22.7%. In subgroup analysis, a score is calculated that can be used prospectively to predict individual benefit from the intervention. Patients with an above median score (37%) are predicted average reduction in emergency admissions of 0.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.2, corresponding to a percentage decrease in admissions of 25.3%.ConclusionThe telehealth intervention has a positive impact across a wide cohort of patients with different diseases. Prospective scoring of patients and allocation to targeted telehealth interventions is likely to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the service.

scholarly journals Continuous hemodiafiltration as a rescue therapy for patients with cardiopulmonary failure caused by enterovirus-71: a retrospective observational study in a PICU

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxia Wang ◽  
Yun Cui ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Qunfang Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Failure

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a burdensome health issue in mainland China. Enterovirus71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen of severe HFMD. Continuous hemofiltration improves fluid overload, restores kidney function and alleviates inflammatory reactions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) on severe HFMD caused by EV-A71(EV-A71-HFMD) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary university PICU from January 2012 to December 2016. Children with severe EV-A71-HFMD complicated by cardiopulmonary failure were included. The patients were divided into a CVVHDF group and a conventional therapy (control) group (non-CVVHDF). The demographics, characteristics, and outcomes between the groups were collected and analyzed. Results Twenty-nine patients with severe EV-A71-HFMD were enrolled. The 28-day mortality was 17.6% (3/17) in the CVVHDF group and 33.3% (4/12) in the non-CVVHDF group, with no statistical significance between the two groups (P = 0.403). The median interval between CVVHDF initiation and PICU admission was 6 (4,8.5) hrs, and the median duration of CVVHDF was 48 (36, 64) hrs. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac index (CI) in the CVVHDF group were improved after treatment. The plasma levels of catecholamines and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) substances in the CVVHDF group were significantly decreased after treatment. The decreased catecholamines and RAAS substances included adrenalin (169.8 [145.5, 244.6] vs. 148.0 [109.0, 208.1] ng/L, P = 0.033), dopamine (152.7 [97.0, 191.1] vs. 96.0 [68.0, 160.9] ng/L, P = 0.026), angiotensin II (185.9 [125.2, 800.0] vs. 106.0 [90.8, 232.5] ng/L, P = 0.047), aldosterone (165.7 [94.0, 353.3] vs. 103.3 [84.3, 144.3] ng/L, P = 0.033), and renin (1.12 [0.74, 3.45] vs. 0.79 [0.52, 1.25] μg/L/h, P = 0.029), Conclusions CVVHDF reduced the levels of catecholamines and RAAS substances and improved cardiovascular function. Continuous hemodiafiltration may represent a potential therapy in patients with severe EV-A71-HFMD complicated with cardiopulmonary failure.

scholarly journals Real-world retrospective observational study exploring the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000782
Author(s):  
William Alexander Wright ◽  
Louise E Crowley ◽  
Dhruv Parekh ◽  
Anjali Crawshaw ◽  
Davinder P Dosanjh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Drug Tolerability

BackgroundPirfenidone and nintedanib are the only disease-modifying treatments available for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to test their effectiveness and safety in clinical practice.MethodsThis is a single-centre retrospective observational study undertaken at a specialised interstitial lung disease centre in England. Data including progression-free survival (PFS), mortality and drug tolerability were compared between patients with IPF on antifibrotic therapies and an untreated control group who had a forced vital capacity percentage (FVC %) predicted within the licensed antifibrotic treatment range.Results104 patients received antifibrotic therapies and 64 control patients were identified. PFS at 6 months was significantly greater in the antifibrotic group (75.0%) compared with the control group (56.3%) (p=0.012). PFS was not significant at 12 or 18 months when comparing the antifibrotic group with the control group. The 12-month post-treatment mean decline in FVC % predicted (−4.6±6.2%) was significantly less than the 12-month pretreatment decline (−10.4±11.8%) (p=0.039). The 12-month mortality rate was not significantly different between the antifibrotic group (25.3%) and the control group (35.5%) (p=0.132). Baseline Body Mass Index of≤25, baseline diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide percentage predicted of ≤35 and antifibrotic discontinuation within 3 months were independent predictors of 12-month mortality. Antifibrotic discontinuation was significantly higher by 3 and 6 months for patients on pirfenidone than those on nintedanib (p=0.006 and p=0.044, respectively). Discontinuation at 12 months was not significantly different (p=0.381).ConclusionsThis real-world study revealed that antifibrotics are having promising effects on PFS, lung function and mortality. These findings may favour commencement of nintedanib as first-line antifibrotic therapy, given the lower rates of early treatment discontinuation, although further studies are required to investigate this.

scholarly journals The role of lockdowns and health policies for COVID-19 in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Panagiotis Tsigaris
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
At Home

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy initially flattened the curve after a stringent lockdown spanning from February 23 to early May but not without casualties, with 240,760 cases and 34,788 deaths on June 30, 2020. However, increasingly lax policies saw rising cases starting in August. Italy currently sits with 423,578 cases and 36,616 deaths (October 20, 2020). This retrospective observational study aimed to assess stringency policies related to nation-wide containment and closure, as well as health system instruments, to determine their potency. The first nationally implemented policy was on January 31 followed by a battery of strong restrictions imposed on February 22-23. The Stringency Index peaked at 93.5 on April 12. However, policies were relaxed following a “flattening of the curve” on May 4 when the Stringency Index went from 93.5 to 63.0. Italy’s policies were important to contain the spread of the virus initially, but the lax policies since the end of spring, especially related to school reopening, no stay at home and domestic travel restrictions, and reduced contract tracing, have now resurrected the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A real world retrospective observational study exploring the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alexander Wright ◽  
Louise Crowley ◽  
Dhruv Parekh ◽  
Anjali Crawshaw ◽  
Davinder Dosanjh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Drug Tolerability ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Pirfenidone and nintedanib are the only disease-modifying treatments available for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to test their effectiveness and safety in clinical practice.Methods This is a single centre retrospective observational study undertaken at a specialised interstitial lung disease centre in England. Data including progression-free survival (PFS), mortality and drug tolerability were compared between IPF patients on antifibrotic therapies and an untreated control group who had a forced vital capacity percentage (FVC %) predicted within the licensed antifibrotic treatment range.Results 104 patients received antifibrotic therapies and 64 control patients were identified. PFS at 6 months was significantly greater in the antifibrotic group (75.0%) compared to the control group (56.3%) (p=0.012). PFS was not significant at 12 or 18 months. The 12-month post-treatment mean decline in FVC% predicted (-4.6±6.2%) was significantly less than the 12-month pre-treatment decline (-10.4 ±11.8%) (p=0.039). The 12-month mortality rate was not significantly different between the antifibrotic group (25.3%) and the control group (35.5%) (p=0.132). Baseline BMI≤25, baseline DLco% predicted ≤35 and antifibrotic discontinuation within 3 months were independent predictors of 12-month mortality. Antifibrotic discontinuation was significantly higher by 3 and 6 months for patients on pirfenidone than those on nintedanib (p=0.006 and p=0.044, respectively). Discontinuation at 12 months was not significantly different (p=0.381).Conclusion This real-world study revealed that antifibrotics are having promising effects on PFS, lung function and mortality. These findings may favour commencement of nintedanib as first line antifibrotic therapy, given the lower rates of early treatment discontinuation.

scholarly journals The Clinicopathologic Evaluation of Eosinophilic Cholecystitis: A Retrospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. A142-146
Author(s):  
Senay Erdogan-Durmus ◽  
Hilal Balta ◽  
Sevilay Ozmen ◽  
Ilknur Calik ◽  
Yusuf Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Patient Demographic ◽  
Demographic Features

Background: Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is a rare form of cholecystitis that is diagnosed histopathologically. The aim of this study to evaluate the patient demographic features, laboratory findings and histopathologic characteristics of EC. The aim of this study to evaluate the patient demographic features, laboratory findings and histopathologic characteristics of EC. Design and setting: Retrospective observational study conducted in Erzurum, Turkey. Methods: Between June 2014 and June 2017 3,178 cholecystectomy specimens were reviewed retrospectively. Nineteen EC cases were included to the study. Parameters such as sex, age, clinical information, laboratory findings were obtained from information system of hospital. And the data of EC group were compared with a control group of 50 non-specific chronic cholecystitis patients (CC). Result: Out of 3,178 cholecystectomy specimens, 19 cases were diagnosed as EC (0.59%). Patients’ age ranged from 22-84 years and female to male ratio was 1.7:1. The average eosinophil count was 139.7 U/L in EC group. 11.7% of EC group had high level for eosinophils. In the EC group there were statistical significances between high eosinophil percentages and aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values (P<0.05, P<0.05). The EC group eosinophil levels were slightly higher than CC. Histopathologically, dense, severe infiltrates composed of eosinophils were seen. Conclusion: EC is a rare entity that can only diagnosed by histopathology.  There were certain high levels in liver function tests and eosinophils in correlation with non-specific cholecystitis. Although the presentation may be similar to non-specific cholecystitis, if a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of EC is made, then the patient must be investigated thoroughly to rule out other associated disease conditions. 

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

PENGGUNAAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK (PROJECT BASED LEARNING) PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA (Studi Eksperimen Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X IIS di SMA Negeri 1 Kuningan)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeyen Suryani ◽  
Sintia Dewiana
Keyword(s):  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equivalent Control

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan kurangnya partisipasi aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran serta kurangnya kemampuan siswa untuk memecahkan masalah yang membutuhkan kemampuan analisis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan awal siswa,2) setelah pembelajaran berlangsung kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas yang menggunakan PjBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunkan metode ceramah, 3) peningkatan (N-Gain) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas yang menggunakan PjBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode ceramah.Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperiment dengan non-equivalent control group pretes-posttest design. Dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 75 orang yaitu 38 siswa di kelas eksperimen, dan 37 siswa di kelas kontrol.Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut. Pertama, tidak terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada tes awal terbukti dengan thitung=0,2616<ttabel=1,993. Kedua, setelah pembelajaran berlangsung kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada kelas yang menggunakan metode PjBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah terbukti dengan thitung=4,375>ttabel=1,993. Ketiga, peningkatan (N-Gain) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada kelas yang menggunakan metode PjBL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah terbukti dengan thitung =5,173 > ttabel =1,993.Adapun saran dari penelitian ini yaitu, perlu adanya penjelasan yang mendalam dalam proses persiapan sehingga siswa tidak kesulitan dalam menyusun pertanyaan penyelidikan. Dalam penggunaan PjBL guru berperan sebagai fasilitator dan motivator sehingga dibutuhkan penguasaan materi dan pengelolaan kelas yang baik. Penggunaan metode PjBL meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis lebih tinggi dari metode ceramah sehingga disarankan guru untuk menerapkan metode ini yang disesuaikan dengan materi sehingga kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa berkembang dan terlatih. Penyesuaian penggunaan metode pembelajaran dengan materi dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai lebih optimal serta pengetahuan yang diperoleh siswa benar-benar melekat dan lebih bermakna.

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