scholarly journals Outside of the city or outside of the law? State-of-art and challenges to the regulation of gated communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Tomanik

The implementation of gated communities has been common prac- tice in Brazilian cities, despite the controversy between legality and illegality of such enterprises, not provided in federal legislation dealing with urban land parceling. In the north axis of the Metro- politan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), especially in the city of Lagoa Santa, this kind of occupation stands out as the predomi- nant model of urban development. Starting with a brief discussion of the impacts of this urbanization mode, which has resulted in fragmented and dispersed cities, this paper lists the current situ- ation of gated communities regulation as land parceling gure. It also discusses the main challenges for the implementation of this action in MRBH following objectives and guidelines expressed in the Integrated Development Plan of MRBH. Finally, it points out the possible impact of general repercussion thesis adopted by Su- premo Tribunal Federal (Federal Supreme Court), which rati es the local autonomy given by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the challenges of incorporating this model of occupation to urban legislation considering the metropolitan context. What can be said about the space to be produced based on the experience of mu- nicipalities that have this mode as the main model of urban ex- pansion? What can also be said about the municipal regulatory initiatives in MRBH? How to incorporate these enterprises to the city and to the support of the law? Such issues are discussed based on the case of Lagoa Santa city. 

Author(s):  
M. K. Selala ◽  
W. Musakwa

Transportation is one of the most fundamental challenges of urban development in the modern world. Cities are currently moving towards sustainable transportation, which includes non-motorised transportation (NMT). The city of Johannesburg has a goal of becoming a smart city, with sustainable development and smart mobility. Encouraging the use of non-motorised transportation and public transport has the potential of reducing the use of private motorised transport and therefor its negative consequences within the city of Johannesburg. There is limited research on cycling and how cyclists interact with cycling infrastructure within the city. The lack of such knowledge hinders proper planning for NMT. This research studies the ability of geolocation based services to provide such information which can be useful in planning for NMT. Strava Metro application is the example of such geolocation based services. The potential of this app to influence planning is investigated. According to the information acquired by Strava Metro, there are more cyclists in suburbs at the centre of Johannesburg and towards the north and to the east, and in Kibler Park at the south western part of the city. There are indications that the numbers of cycling activities recorded by Strava Metro are affected by the availability of gated communities, income levels, crime levels and the provision of infrastructure.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Felipe Silva Guimarães ◽  
Lucas Da Silva Guimarães

<p>O estudo foi realizado no município de Rio Acima, localizado ao sul da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - MG. Na primeira etapa, foi feita a determinação das áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) do município, segundo a Lei 12.651 e a resolução CONAMA 303/2002 (esta última para delimitar as APPs de topo de morro), utilizando cinco bases topográficas distintas: vetorização de cartas do IBGE na escala de 1:50.000, imagem SRTM, Topodata, ASTER V2 e uma base vetorial disponibilizada pelo Codemig com curvas de nível equidistantes em 10 metros. Na segunda etapa, foram calculadas as áreas de cada uma das classes de APP resultantes dos mapeamentos feitos a partir de todas as bases e, em seguida, estes valores foram comparados. Ao final, foi observado que os resultados obtidos a partir da base do IBGE e da imagem ASTER V2 são os que apresentam característica mais restritiva, ou seja, com maiores áreas de preservação. Por outro lado, o mapa de áreas de preservação permanente confeccionado a partir da imagem SRTM foi o que apresentou caráter menos restritivo. Neste estudo também são discutidas outras diferenças entre os mapas elaborados a partir das cinco bases. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Município de Rio Acima, áreas de preservação permanente, modelos digitais de elevação, resolução espacial.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>This study was conducted in the municipality of Rio Acima (Minas Gerais State) located in the southern Belo Horizonte metropolitan region. In the first stage five different topographic bases were used to lay down the city permanent preservation areas (PPA) according to the Law 12,651 and CONAMA resolution 303/2002 (the latter to delimit the hilltop’s PPAs PPAs). These bases are the following: the vector at a 1:50.000 scale provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), SRTM image, image provided by INPE Topodata project, ASTER V2 Image and a vector base released by Codemig with 10 meters contour distance. In the second stage the areas of each one PPA classes were calculated resulting from all mapping bases. Then these values were compared. Finally it was observed that the results obtained from the ASTER V2 image and IBGE base are those with more restrictive features or in other words the result with lager PPAs. Moreover, the map of permanent preservation areas made from SRTM image showed the least restrictive character. This study also discusses other differences between the maps drawn from the five bases.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Rio Acima municipality, permanent preservation areas, digital elevation models,   spacial resolution.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo de Sousa Araújo Ronaldo de Sousa Araújo ◽  
Eugênio Bartnig de Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Juliana Landim Gomes Siqueira ◽  
Zélia Maria Peixoto Chrispim

The Urban Policy of Brazil, established with the Federal Constitution and the City Statute, brought to light a series of instruments to be used by municipalities in their urban planning. The objective of this research was to verify the use of these instruments in the laws of the cityplans of 2008 and 2020 in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the methodological aspect, online meetings through Google Meet were fundamental for bibliographical and documental survey, comparative analysis of the laws of cityplans, elaboration of a table with results and elaboration of an article. With the study it was possible to analyze the use of urban policy instruments in the analyzed cityplans. It was found that in the two cityplans, several instruments are included in the law in a bureaucratic way, without elements that indicate possibilities of application. It was concluded that the use of urban policy instruments in the analyzed cityplans happened in a similar way. The difficulty of applying many instruments was evident in both studied plans


e-xacta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Magalhães de Almeida ◽  
Juliana Lamego Balbino Nizza ◽  
Amanda Pereira de Oliveira Diniz ◽  
Jorge Eulampio Monteiro Junior

<p class="Padro"><em>Instrumentos jurídicos e urbanísticos como as Operações Urbanas refletem diretamente no cotidiano das cidades. Cada vez mais utilizado, entende-se que o conhecimento da aplicação das Operações Urbanas é importante para os profissionais do campo do Direito e da Arquitetura. Portanto, este artigo analisa criticamente as repercussões do processo de implementação das Operações Urbanas em Belo Horizonte. Entende-se que a ineficácia da implementação desse instrumento pode estimular o surgimento de processos urbanos conflitantes, como as ocupações de propriedades privadas da cidade. Como estudo de caso da implantação dessa lei, selecionou-se a “Operação Urbana do Izidoro”, regulamentada pela Lei n° 9.959/10 de Belo Horizonte. Prevista para ser implantada em uma grande área vazia de domínio privado da cidade, atualmente vem passando por um dos maiores processos de ocupação de população de baixa renda de Minas </em><em>Gerais. </em><em>Utilizou-se ainda como metodologia, primeiramente, uma ampla revisão bibliográfica de autores referenciais do campo da Arquitetura e do Direito e posteriormente, realizou-se um levantamento de dados em processos técnico-administrativos da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte e visitas de campo. Esses dados foram analisados e depois consolidados para a utilização neste artigo. </em><em>Ao final, como resultado, conclui-se que, em que pese os discursos sobre as Operações Urbanas como um instrumento de desenvolvimento urbano, conforme definido na lei conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade, em Belo Horizonte, seu uso vem se dando principalmente como um instrumento de viabilização da implantação de grandes empreendimentos imobiliários, que, ao desconsiderarem alguns segmentos sociais, acabam por contribuir para o aumento das desigualdades socioespaciais da cidade e dos processos de ocupações. Além disso, destaca-se a distância existente entre as intenções estabelecidas na elaboração desse instrumento e a sua real efetividade. </em></p><p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Legal and urbanistic instruments such as the Urban Operations directly reflect the daily life of cities. Increasingly used, it is understood that knowledge of the application of the Urban Operations is important for practitioners of the law and architecture field. Therefore, this article critically examines the impact of the Urban Operations implementation process in Belo Horizonte. It is understood that the ineffectiveness of the implementation of this instrument can stimulate the emergence of conflicting urban processes, such as the occupation of private property of the city. As if the implementation of this law study, we selected the "Urban Operation of Izidoro", regulated by Law No. 9.959/10 of Belo Horizonte. Expected to be deployed in a large empty area of private domain of the city, is currently undergoing one of the largest low population occupation processes income of Minas Gerais</em><em>. Firstly, the methodology involved the bibliographical review of reference authors from the field of Architecture and Law, in technical-administrative processes of the City Hall of Belo Horizonte and field visits. This data was analyzed and then consolidated for use in this article. At the end, as a result, it is concluded that, in spite of the speeches about Urban Operations as an instrument of urban development, as defined in the Law known as the Statute of the City, in Belo Horizonte, its use is mainly given as an instrument of making feasible the implantation of large real estate enterprises, which, by disregarding some social segments, end up contributing to the increase of socio-spatial inequalities of the city and of occupation processes. In addition, the distance between the intentions established in the elaboration of this instrument and its actual effectiveness is highlighted.</em></p>


Author(s):  
M. K. Selala ◽  
W. Musakwa

Transportation is one of the most fundamental challenges of urban development in the modern world. Cities are currently moving towards sustainable transportation, which includes non-motorised transportation (NMT). The city of Johannesburg has a goal of becoming a smart city, with sustainable development and smart mobility. Encouraging the use of non-motorised transportation and public transport has the potential of reducing the use of private motorised transport and therefor its negative consequences within the city of Johannesburg. There is limited research on cycling and how cyclists interact with cycling infrastructure within the city. The lack of such knowledge hinders proper planning for NMT. This research studies the ability of geolocation based services to provide such information which can be useful in planning for NMT. Strava Metro application is the example of such geolocation based services. The potential of this app to influence planning is investigated. According to the information acquired by Strava Metro, there are more cyclists in suburbs at the centre of Johannesburg and towards the north and to the east, and in Kibler Park at the south western part of the city. There are indications that the numbers of cycling activities recorded by Strava Metro are affected by the availability of gated communities, income levels, crime levels and the provision of infrastructure.


Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.


Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ankita Pandey

Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word “Guwa” means areca nut and “Haat” means market. However, the modern Guwahati had been known as the ancient Pragjyotishpura and was the capital of Assam under the Kamrupa kingdom. A beautiful city Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the river Bramhaputra. Moreover, It is known as the largest city in the Indian state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in North East India. It has also its importance as the gateway to the North- East India. Assamese and English are the spoken languages in Guwahati.  In 1667, the Mogul forces were defeated in the battle by the Ahom forces commanded by Lachut Barphukan. Thus, in a sense Guwahati became the bone of contention among the Ahoms, Kochas and the Moguls during the medieval period.  Guwahati the administrative headquarters of Lower Assam with a viceroy or Barbhukan was made by the Ahom king.  Since 1972 it has been the capital of Assam. The present paper will discuss the changes happened in Guwahati over the period of late 1970s till the present time. It will focus on the behavior of people, transformed temples, Panbazar of the city, river bank of Bramhaputra, old Fancy Bazaar, chaotic ways, festivals and seasons including a fifth man made season etc. It will also deal how over the years a city endowed with nature’s gifts and scenic views, has been changing as “a dirty city”. Furthermore, it will also present the insurgencies that have barged into the city. The occurrence of changes will be discussed through the perspective and point of view of Srutimala Duara as presented in her book Mindprints of Guwahati.


SOEPRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Liya Suwarni

Background. Cases of sexual violence increase every year, victims ranging from adolescents, children to toddlers. Based on data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission, abuse and violence against children in Indonesia in 2013 were 23 cases, in 2014 there were 53 cases, in 2015 there were 133 cases, 2017 reached 1,337 cases, and as of July 2018 there were 424 cases. Purpose. Knowing the factors that influence the law enforcement process of sexy violence cases in Semarang City. Method This study uses descriptive analytical methods for cases of violence against children, based on medical record data in hospitals, documents in Mapolrestabes, the District Attorney's Office and the Semarang City Court for the period of January 2015 to December 2018. Results. Based on research results obtained 213 experimental cases section from medical record data in hospitals in the city of Semarang. Most cases of child abuse occurred in 2018 with 72 cases. Most victims are 12-14 years old age group, female. Most types of cases are cases of intercourse. The majority of violations are persons known as victims, perpetrators not working, and most of the places of occurrence are in the defendant's house. At the time of prosecution and trial, the number of cases was significantly reduced to only 8 cases. Factors related to this include lack of evidence, difficulty in obtaining information from victims, convoluted statements of coverage, lack of election, and obtaining diversion rates. Conclusion Cases of sexual violence have increased from year to year. The process of law enforcement on this problem still has many difficulties in each manufacturing process which is still difficult to overcome.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Samadi

Due to the development of cities as well as rapid population growth, urban traffic is increasing nowadays. Hence, to improve traffic flow, underground structures such as metro, especially in metropolises, are inevitable. This paper is a research on the twin tunnels Of Isfahan's metro between Shariaty station and Azadi station from the North towards the South. In this study, simultaneous drilling of subway's twin tunnels is simulated by means of Finite Difference Method (FDM) and FLAC 3D software. Moreover, the lowest distance between two tunnels is determined in a way that the Law of Super Position could be utilized to manually calculate the amount of surface subsidence, resulted by drilling two tunnels, by employing the results of the analysis of single tunnels without using simultaneous examination and simulation. In this paper, this distance is called "effective distance". For this purpose, first, the optimum dimensions of the model is chosen and then, five models with optimum dimensions will be analyzed separately, each of which in three steps. The results of analyses shows that the proportions (L/D) greater than or equal 2.80, the Law of Super Position can be applied for prediction of surface subsidence, caused by twin tunnels' construction


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