scholarly journals Contributions of mobile, stationary and biogenic sources to air pollution in the Amazon rainforest: a numerical study with the WRF-Chem model

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 7977-7995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Abou Rafee ◽  
Leila D. Martins ◽  
Ana B. Kawashima ◽  
Daniela S. Almeida ◽  
Marcos V. B. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
The City ◽  
Stationary Sources

Abstract. This paper evaluates the contributions of the emissions from mobile, stationary and biogenic sources on air pollution in the Amazon rainforest by using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The analyzed air pollutants were CO, NOx, SO2, O3, PM2. 5, PM10 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Five scenarios were defined in order to evaluate the emissions by biogenic, mobile and stationary sources, as well as a future scenario to assess the potential air quality impact of doubled anthropogenic emissions. The stationary sources explain the highest concentrations for all air pollutants evaluated, except for CO, for which the mobile sources are predominant. The anthropogenic sources considered resulted an increasing in the spatial peak-temporal average concentrations of pollutants in 3 to 2780 times in relation to those with only biogenic sources. The future scenario showed an increase in the range of 3 to 62 % in average concentrations and 45 to 109 % in peak concentrations depending on the pollutant. In addition, the spatial distributions of the scenarios has shown that the air pollution plume from the city of Manaus is predominantly transported west and southwest, and it can reach hundreds of kilometers in length.

scholarly journals Mobile and stationary sources of air pollutants in the Amazon rainforest: a numerical study with WRF-Chem model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Abou Rafee ◽  
Leila D. Martins ◽  
Ana B. Kawashima ◽  
Daniela S. Almeida ◽  
Marcos V. B. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Stationary Sources

Abstract. This paper evaluates the impact of the emissions from mobile and stationary sources in the Amazon rainforest by using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The analyzed air pollutants were CO, NOx, SO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10 and VOCs. Five scenarios were defined in order to evaluate the emissions by biogenic, mobile and stationary sources, as well as future scenarios. Results show that the stationary sources explain the highest concentrations for all air pollutants evaluated, except for CO, for which the mobile sources are predominant ones. The futuristic scenario, which is twice the current emissions from mobile and stationary sources, has shown an increase in the range of 3 to 62 % in average concentrations and 45 to 109 % in peak concentrations depending on the pollutant. In addition, the spatial distributions of the scenarios has shown that the air pollutions plume from the city of Manaus is predominantly west and southwest, and it can reach hundreds of kilometers in length.

Atmospheric Pollution

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Health It ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Specific Health

Air pollution has been directly responsible for increases in mortality and morbidity in the general population during periods known as episodes, when pollutant levels were elevated well above those that occur on a regular basis. The major concern today regarding pollution and health is, however, more subtle—namely, whether the lower levels of pollution to which we are exposed dally are harmful to health. It is extremely difficult to relate specific health problems to specific pollutants, because other environmental and lifestyle factors may contribute to decrements in health, Furthermore people are generally exposed to mixtures of pollutants, making It difficult to extract the effects caused by Individual components, or to determine which combinations are the most hazardous. Community air pollution results from various sources: mobile sources, such as vehicles; stationary sources, such as power plants and factories; and Indoor sources, such as building material. Complicating the picture is the fact that many chemicals released Into the air may react, producing additional secondary pollutants. This article provides an overview of the major air pollutants that may be of concern in terms of public health.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Mobile and stationary sources of air pollutants in the Amazon rainforest: a numerical study with WRF-Chem model"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Abou Rafee ◽  
Leila D. Martins ◽  
Ana B. Kawashima ◽  
Daniela S. Almeida ◽  
Marcos V. B. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Stationary Sources

scholarly journals Contribution of Local and Transboundary Air Pollution to the Urban Air Quality of Fukuoka, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Ayako Yoshino ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Keiichiro Hara ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
The City

Transboundary air pollution (TAP) and local air pollution (LAP) influence the air quality of urban areas. Fukuoka, located on the west side of Japan and affected by TAP from the Asian continent, is a unique example for understanding the contribution of LAP and TAP. Gaseous species and particulate matter (PM) were measured for approximately three weeks in Fukuoka in the winter of 2018. We classified two distinctive periods, LAP and TAP, based on wind speed. The classification was supported by variations in the concentration of gaseous species and by backward trajectories. Most air pollutants, including NOx and PM, were high in the LAP period and low in the TAP period. However, ozone was the exception. Therefore, our findings suggest that reducing local emissions is necessary. Ozone was higher in the TAP period, and the variation in ozone concentration was relatively small, indicating that ozone was produced outside of the city and transported to Fukuoka. Thus, air pollutants must also be reduced at a regional scale, including in China.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Habermann ◽  
Míriam Souza ◽  
Rogério Prado ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Air pollution is a leading public health concern. In addition, poor populations have been reported as showing increased exposure to such pollution. The current study thus aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic status of the population exposed to vehicle-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study used data from the 2010 Census on head-of-household’s mean monthly income and the percentage of households connected to the sewage system. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated according to traffic density in the census tract plus a 200m surrounding buffer. The relationship between exposure and socioeconomic variables was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Exposure increased with increasing socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). The population with the highest socioeconomic status lives in the most polluted areas of the city. However, place of residence alone is not capable of measuring exposure. The study suggests that future epidemiological studies include other indicators of vulnerability.

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (-1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Janis Kleperis ◽  
Gunars Bajars ◽  
Ingrida Bremere ◽  
Martins Menniks ◽  
Arturs Viksna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Particle Pollution ◽  
The City

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options Air quality in the city of Riga is evaluated from direct monitoring results and from accounting registered air pollutants in the city. It is concluded that from all air polluting substances listed in the European Commission directives, only nitrogen dioxide NO2 and particulate matter PM10 exceed the limits. In assessing the projected measures to improve air quality in Riga, it can be concluded that the implementation of cleaner fuels and improvements in energy efficiency of household and industrial sectors will decrease particle pollution, but measures in the transport sector will also contribute to reducing air pollution from nitrogen oxides.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION OF THE CITY OF KAMIANSKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Karavan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The City

The generalizing and comparative characteristic of the level of air pollution of the city of Kamianske is presented. The following indicators are analyzed: the dynamics of total emissions of pollutants; structure of emissions by individual types of pollutants; the level and dynamics of the index of air pollution by priority substances. It is emphasized that the main reason for the declining dynamics of gross emissions of pollutants in the city was the decrease in industrial production, primarily at PJSC “Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant”. The main economic indicators of PJSC “Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant” are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the unsatisfactory financial condition of the enterprise. The dynamics of the main air pollutants of the city is studied. The structure of emissions into the air of the city is analyzed and it is concluded that the share of carbon monoxide is the largest in the structure of emissions of the city and significantly exceeds the national and regional level. In addition, there is an excess of average daily maximum permissible concentrations not only for carbon monoxide, but for other air pollutants, namely formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, phenol, ammonia. The dynamics of the index of air pollution by priority substances is analyzed. The following conclusions about the level and dynamics of this indicator in the cities of Dnipropetrovsk region are formulated: for the main cities-polluters of atmospheric air of the region the indicator is quite high, the level of which is characterized as “above average”; during the last three years for Kamianske and Kryvyi Rih the indicator had a steady upward trend; as of the end of 2020 year, the highest value of the indicator is 14.9, which characterizes the unsatisfactory air quality of Kamianske. The dynamics of change of positions of the city of Kamianske according to the index of air pollution in the national rating of cities-polluters is characterized. During the period under study, the city of Kamianske consistently occupied “high” positions: maximum – 1st place (2014 year), minimum – 4th place (2018, 2019 years). The article emphasizes that measures to reduce the level of air pollution in the city should be in line with the regional Program of Environmental Safety and Climate Change Prevention for 2016–2025.

scholarly journals BIOMONITORING PENCEMARAN UDARA MENGGUNAKAN BIOINDIKATOR LICHENES DI KOTA MADIUN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikhotul Ihrom ◽  
Ani Sulistyarsi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Lead In Air ◽  
The City

Bioindicators can be used to determine levels of air pollution of an area by analyzing the content of pollutants lead in bioindicators. Lichenes growing on the bark as bioindicators for measuring the concentration of lead in air pollutants resulting from motor vehicle emissions. The aim of research to determine differences in the levels of lead (Pb) using bioindicators Lichenes Madiun. Samples were taken by random sampling technique. Pb content measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed Pb levels in different areas of the City of Madiun there are significant differences. Traffic levels affect the levels of Pb .

scholarly journals Influence of Social-economic Activities on Air Pollutants in Beijing, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Li ◽  
Wenfeng Zheng ◽  
Lirong Yin ◽  
Zhengtong Yin ◽  
Lihong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
The City ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractWith the rapid economic development, the serious air pollution in Beijing attracts increasing attention in the last decade. Seen as one whole complex and grey system, the causal relationship between the social development and the air pollution in Beijing has been quantitatively analyzed in this paper. By using the grey relational model, the aim of this study is to explore how the socio-economic and human activities affect on the air pollution in the city of Beijing, China. Four air pollutants, as the particulate matter with size 2.5 micrometers or less (PM

scholarly journals Prayagraj: Air Pollution Profile and Policy Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-573
Author(s):  
Sugandh Kumar Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City ◽  
Pollution Profile

Air pollution is the fifth leading risk factor behind theworld – wide mortality. Ever growing population size feeding industrial activity through demand channel, vehicular pollution accompanied by rapid urbanization and burning of fossil fuels pose a serious threat to clean air. Some major air pollutants under study in the city of Prayagraj are Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Pollution profile of the city localityi.e. Rambagh, Johnstonganj, Alopibagh, Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigam are studied. PM10 level of exposure is serious in Crossing Mahalakshmi talkiesand Alopibagh area as exposure to very high level in the range of 250 – 400 µg/m3 occurs for the longest duration of time. Alopibagh, Johnstonganj and Rambagh shows critical level of Nitrogen Dioxide indicating higher vehicular movement in these areas. Trend wise, SO2 component has spiked above 12 µg/m3 at Rambagh, Johnstonganj and Alopibagh during the onset of winters season in 2016. Similar phenomenon was seen at Bharat Yantra Nigam and Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies during winter season of 2019. Arrival of monsoon tend to lower pollutants content in the outdoor ambient air quality. Overall air quality is in critical zone at Alopibagh for 45 per cent of the time period followed by Johnstonganj. Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigamshows critical air quality for more than 60 per cent of the time period which calls for urgent action to prevent them from entering the critical zone. Overall air quality of Prayagraj is range bound with air pollutants improve during the monsoon season. However, improvement in air quality has reduced in the last two years as fall in air pollutants is less in 2018 and 2019 monsoon compared to previous two years. The findings of the paper will help the administration, municipal corporation and various stake holders of the city to take targeted measures locality wise towards pollution control depending upon pollutants concentration and exposure area – wise. It will also raise public awareness about pollutant levels in their area.

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