scholarly journals A simulated observation database to assess the impact of the IASI-NG hyperspectral infrared sounder

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Andrey-Andrés ◽  
Nadia Fourrié ◽  
Vincent Guidard ◽  
Raymond Armante ◽  
Pascal Brunel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The highly accurate measurements of the hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are used in numerical weather prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. As the second generation of the European Polar System (EPS-SG) is being developed, a new generation of IASI instruments has been designed to fly on board the MetOp-SG constellation: IASI New Generation (IASI-NG). In order to prepare the arrival of this new instrument, and to evaluate its impact on NWP and atmospheric chemistry applications, a set of IASI and IASI-NG simulated data was built and made available to the public to set a common framework for future impact studies. This paper describes the information available in this database and the procedure followed to run the IASI and IASI-NG simulations. These simulated data were evaluated by comparing IASI-NG to IASI observations. The result is also presented here. Additionally, preliminary impact studies of the benefit of IASI-NG compared to IASI on the retrieval of temperature and humidity in a NWP framework are also shown in the present work. With a channel dataset located in the same wave numbers for both instruments, we showed an improvement of the temperature retrievals throughout the atmosphere, with a maximum in the troposphere with IASI-NG and a lower benefit for the tropospheric humidity.

scholarly journals A simulated observation database to assess the impact of IASI-NG hyperspectral infrared sounder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Andrey-Andrés ◽  
Nadia Fourrié ◽  
Vincent Guidard ◽  
Raymond Armante ◽  
Pascal Brunel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The highly accurate measurements of the hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are used in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. As the second generation of the European Polar System (EPS-SG) is being developed, a new generation of IASI instruments has been designed to fly on board the MetOp-SG constellation: IASI New Generation (IASI-NG). In order to prepare the arrival of this new instrument, and to evaluate its impact on NWP and atmospheric chemistry applications, a set of IASI and IASI-NG simulated data was built and made available to the public to set a common framework for future impact studies. This paper describes the information available in this database and the procedure followed to run the IASI and IASI-NG simulations. These simulated data were evaluated by comparing IASI-NG to IASI observations. The result is also presented here. Additionally, preliminary impact studies of the benefit of IASI-NG compared to IASI on the retrieval of temperature and humidity in a NWP framework are also shown in the present work. With a channel dataset located in the same wave numbers for both instruments, we showed an improvement of the temperature retrievals along all the atmosphere with a maximum in the troposphere with IASI-NG and a lower benefit for the tropospheric humidity.

scholarly journals Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Zhenglong Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Timothy J. Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHigh spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.

scholarly journals The Impact of MetOp and Other Satellite Data within the Met Office Global NWP System Using an Adjoint-Based Sensitivity Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 3331-3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwon Joo ◽  
John Eyre ◽  
Richard Marriott
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Satellite Platform ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The role of observations in reducing 24-h forecast errors is evaluated using the adjoint-based forecast sensitivity to observations (FSO) method developed within the Met Office global numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. The impacts of various subsets of observations are compared, with emphasis on space-based observations, particularly those from instruments on board the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) platform. Satellite data are found to account for 64% of the short-range global forecast error reduction, with the remaining 36% coming from the assimilation of surface-based observation types. MetOp-A data are measured as having the largest impact of any individual satellite platform (about 25% of the total impact on global forecast error reduction). Their large impact, compared to that of NOAA satellites, is mainly due to MetOp's additional sensors [Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding (GRAS), and the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)]. Microwave and hyperspectral infrared sounding techniques are found to give the largest total impacts. However, the GPS radio occultation technique is measured as having the largest mean impact per profile of observations among satellite types. This study demonstrates how the FSO technique can be used to assess the impact of individual satellite data types in NWP. The calculated impacts can be used to guide improvements in the use of currently available data and to contribute to discussions on the evolution of future observing systems.

scholarly journals 5G Radiation and Potential Risks to the Environment and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1693
Author(s):  
Hasan J. Hasan, Ali J. Yosef, Haider Abed Hachem
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

      The rapid development in wireless communication technology and the urgent need to develop it has led to an increase in the public exposure to more radio spectrum frequencies. The mountain increases in terms of the damage caused by these wireless technologies for the 2G, 3G and 4G generations ending with the new technique, which is 5G. As a result of the urgent need for fast communications and wide packages of data, only a new generation of communications has emerged, which is 5G, which enjoys high speed and broadcasts in short waves and high frequency. There is great concern about the impact of these technologies on human health and safety. This technique works at relatively higher frequencies than the previously used technologies. This research sheds light on some of the expected harms of these technologies and the result of using these techniques, where the damages on the human body in general, the skin and the human eye in particular, are addressed, as well as their impact on the environment and plants in general.

The impact of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) on UTLS composition, local radiative effects and air quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Williams ◽  
Michaela Hegglin ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Hella Garny ◽  
Keith Shine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
The Impact

<p>Midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), characterised by the reversal of the temperature gradient poleward of 60°N and the 10 hPa climatological zonal mean wind from westerly to easterly at 60°N, are known to have pronounced impacts on tropospheric circulation which lead to regional changes in temperature, precipitation and other meteorological variables. Such abrupt events are furthermore known to be associated with large-scale changes in the distribution of stratospheric chemistry constituents, such as ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and water vapour (H<sub>2</sub>O), although the implications for stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) have not been previously investigated. The evolution of O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O anomalies during an SSW life cycle are first examined from the surface up to 1 hPa using specified-dynamics simulations from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model over the period 1979-2013. We show that significant positive anomalies in O<sub>3</sub> occur around the onset of an SSW in the middle to lower stratosphere, with persistence timescales of around 50 days in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). Similarly, we find significant H<sub>2</sub>O anomalies in the lowermost stratosphere (± 25 %) for up to 75 days. The extent and magnitude of the anomalies are largely confirmed in both Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis and ozonesonde measurements at five different Arctic stations. These chemical perturbations result in local temperature changes of up to 2 K, which may impact numerical weather prediction (NWP) of the tropospheric response to SSWs. Evaluation of the vertical residual velocity (w*) support the notion of transport changes being the driver of the temporal evolution of the anomalies. Using a stratospheric-tagged O<sub>3</sub> tracer, a signal for enhanced STE of ozone is subsequently inferred (~ 5-10 %), which is maximised around 50 days after the SSW onset date. We furthermore attempt to elucidate STE transport pathways using a tropopause fold identification algorithm applied to ERA-Interim during this period, and assess such changes in folding frequency and distribution during such events. Our results highlight that SSWs can induce significantly disturbed O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O distributions in the UTLS, leading to enhanced STE of O<sub>3</sub>, with potentially significant implications for radiative fluxes, atmospheric heating rates and air quality.</p>

scholarly journals MODERN DESIGN CONDITIONS AND COMPONENTS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
I. Chechel'
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Today, large-scale programs for the construction of general education facilities are being implement-ed in the country. The Russian architecture of general educational buildings is gradually moving away from the standard architectural solutions approved by practice. This is influenced by the condi-tions of the current stage in the development of the state and society, and the tasks for the formation of an individual and a new generation of citizens. An analysis of the works of modern Russian architects suggests that the country has begun and is steadily gaining momentum in the process of forming the architecture of a new generation of school buildings. According to the author, the process is under the influence of a number of objective conditions. They are: the need to provide cost-effective architectur-al solutions of the design documentation for the mass construction of an object of General education in Russia; the continuation of the traditions of the author's architectural design for the public sector in education and the growing influence of the architecture of the non-public (private) sector to create innovative school buildings of the new generation; the impact of the reform processes in the field of pedagogical technologies in the system of General education and in solving complex issues of security and anti-terrorist protection of the object of General education on the formation of architecture of the school building; the operation of the object of General education in Emergency situation ( pandemic) and transition to the information society in the era of digitalization,; the enforcement of Federal laws of the Russian Federation in the field of safety of object of General education. Based on the identified conditions, a new systematization of the components of the architectural concept is proposed and the principles necessary for the creation of a general education building that marks the end of time are formulated.

Monitoring and performances evolutions of the 3 in-flight IASI instruments on-board METOP satellites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Le Barbier ◽  
Mathilde Faillot ◽  
Elsa Jacquette ◽  
Laurence Buffet ◽  
Antoine Penquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Spectral Calibration ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Spectroscopic Database ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Studies ◽  
Climate Series

<p>The EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) programme is composed of three polar orbiting meteorological METOP satellites. The main payload instrument on-board each METOP is an InfraRed Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). METOP-A, the first one of this series, was launched in 2006. Then METOP-B and METOP-C were launched successively in 2012 and 2018. IASI instrument products are disseminated to meteorological institutions for numerical weather prediction, to laboratories for atmospheric and climate studies and also to space agencies for expertise and monitoring. Since their beginning of life, IASI on-board METOP-A and METOP-B continue to perform very well and therefore demonstrate IASI instrument great performances stability and its sturdiness over time. Since July 2019, IASI on-board METOP-C is operational. It will ensure the continuity of good calibrated data dissemination to the user community for the next decade.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to present the current performances status of the 3 in-flight IASI instruments, up to the Level 1 data. The objective is to give a feedback on the validation and the monitoring performed on IASI instruments during its life time. Moreover, during the past few years, some operational improvements were applied like the update of the on-board non-linerity correction for the 3 instruments. The impact of this new correction will be presented, also the reprocessing of a huge amount of IASI-A data for climate series.</p><p>New improvements will be assessed, like the impact on the spectral calibration monitoring of the new release of the GEISA spectroscopic database and the 4A/OP atlases or improvements of inter-comparison techniques.</p>

scholarly journals Towards IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG): impact of improved spectral resolution and radiometric noise on the retrieval of thermodynamic, chemistry and climate variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4367-4385 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Crevoisier ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
V. Guidard ◽  
T. Phulpin ◽  
R. Armante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Species ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
New Generation

Abstract. Besides their strong contribution to weather forecast improvement through data assimilation, thermal infrared sounders onboard polar-orbiting platforms are now playing a key role for monitoring atmospheric composition changes. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument developed by the French space agency (CNES) and launched by EUMETSAT onboard the Metop satellite series is providing essential inputs for weather forecasting and pollution/climate monitoring owing to its smart combination of large horizontal swath, good spectral resolution and high radiometric performance. EUMETSAT is currently preparing the next polar-orbiting program (EPS-SG) with the Metop-SG satellite series that should be launched around 2020. In this framework, CNES is studying the concept of a new instrument, the IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG), characterized by an improvement of both spectral and radiometric characteristics as compared to IASI, with three objectives: (i) continuity of the IASI/Metop series; (ii) improvement of vertical resolution; and (iii) improvement of the accuracy and detection threshold for atmospheric and surface components. In this paper, we show that an improvement of spectral resolution and radiometric noise fulfil these objectives by leading to (i) a better vertical coverage in the lower part of the troposphere, thanks to the increase in spectral resolution; and (ii) an increase in the accuracy of the retrieval of several thermodynamic, climate and chemistry variables, thanks to the improved signal-to-noise ratio as well as less interference between the signatures of the absorbing species in the measured radiances. The detection limit of several atmospheric species is also improved. We conclude that IASI-NG has the potential to strongly benefit the numerical weather prediction, chemistry and climate communities now connected through the European GMES/Copernicus initiative.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of "Competitive Neutrality" Rules on Chinese State-owned Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Lin ◽  
Wenjing Ruan ◽  
Guowei Gao ◽  
Hanxiong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Public Service ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Enterprise Reforms ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

"Competitive neutrality" rules are becoming the focus of attention of the new generation of international economic and trade rules. "Competitive neutrality" rules hinder state-owned enterprises from opening up international markets. It also will weaken the domestic competitive advantage of state-owned enterprises, and the public service capabilities of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, China needs to implement state-owned enterprise reforms to better respond to this trend.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document