Towards coupling fluid flow and rate-and-state friction in compacting visco-poro-elasto-plastic reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Goudarzi ◽  
Ylona van Dinther ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
René de Borst ◽  
Casper Pranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Fully Coupled

<p>Induced seismicity as a result of natural gas production is a major challenge from both an industrial and a societal perspective. The compaction caused by gas production leads to changes of the effective pressure fields in the reservoir and stress redistributions occur particularly in the surrounding faults. In addition, the strong coupling between fluid flow and solid rock deformations and the role of fluid flow regarding the frictional properties of the faults necessitate a coupled and comprehensive modeling framework. A general and fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical finite difference formulation is developed herein and the results are verified against numerical benchmarks. A visco-elasto-plastic rheological behavior is assumed for the bulk material and a return-mapping algorithm is implemented for accurate simulation of the stress evolution. The geometrical features of the faults are incorporated into a regularized continuum framework, while the response of the fault zone is governed by a rate-and-state-dependent friction model. Numerical simulations are provided for large-scale problems and their efficiency is assured through the evaluation of the consistently linearized systems of equations along with the use of advanced numerical solvers and parallel computing. Although the proposed framework is a step towards the modeling of earthquake sequences for induced seismicity applications, the features of the numerical model are highlighted for other applications, including seismic events in subduction settings where the role of fluid flow inside the faults is considerable. Another application of the present, fully coupled hydro-thermo-mechanical formulation is the prediction of the fluid pressurization phenomena, where the frictional heating increases the magnitude of the pore fluid pressure inside the faults, and the resultant degradation of dynamic frictional strength is naturally captured. </p>

Fluid processes during the exhumation of high-P metamorphic belts

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Miller ◽  
I. S. Buick ◽  
I. Cartwright ◽  
A. Barnicoat
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Partial Melting ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Detachment Faults ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Exhumation History

AbstractFluids can play a direct role in exhumation by influencing exhumation mechanisms and the driving processes for these mechanisms. In addition, the process of exhumation leads to the development of fluid-related features that in themselves may not drive exhumation. Fluids involved in exhumation are generally derived from dehydration reactions occurring during decompression, but at shallower crustal levels may also involve the introduction of exotic fluids. The composition of fluids attending exhumation are generally saline – CO2 mixtures, but N2, CH4, H2O mixtures have also been recorded. Studies of fluid features related to exhumation have found that fluids may contribute to density changes and the initiation of partial melting during decompression, as well as the development of extensive vein systems. However, the preservation of geochemical signatures related to fluid processes occurring prior to high-P and ultrahigh-P metamorphism indicates that large-scale pervasive fluid flow systems, in general, do not operate at any stage during the exhumation history. Large-scale channelled fluid flow may have operated in detachment faults and shear zones related to exhumation, and this requires further study. The most significant role of fluids during exhumation appears to be their controlling influence on the preservation of high-P or ultrahigh-P rocks.

Investigation of injection-induced seismicity using a coupled fluid flow and rate/state friction model

Geophysics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. WC181-WC198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. McClure ◽  
Roland N. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Isolated Fracture ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
Event Magnitude

We describe a numerical investigation of seismicity induced by injection into a single isolated fracture. Injection into a single isolated fracture is a simple analog for shear stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) during which water is injected into fractured, low permeability rock, triggering slip on preexisting large scale fracture zones. A model was developed and used that couples (1) fluid flow, (2) rate and state friction, and (3) mechanical stress interaction between fracture elements. Based on the results of this model, we propose a mechanism to describe the process by which the stimulated region grows during shear stimulation, which we refer to as the sequential stimulation (SS) mechanism. If the SS mechanism is realistic, it would undermine assumptions that are made for the estimation of the minimum principal stress and unstimulated hydraulic diffusivity. We investigated the effect of injection pressure on induced seismicity. For injection at constant pressure, there was not a significant dependence of maximum event magnitude on injection pressure, but there were more relatively large events for higher injection pressure. Decreasing injection pressure over time significantly reduced the maximum event magnitude. Significant seismicity occurred after shut-in, which was consistent with observations from EGS stimulations. Production of fluid from the well immediately after injection inhibited shut-in seismic events. The results of the model in this study were found to be broadly consistent with results from prior work using a simpler treatment of friction that we refer to as static/dynamic. We investigated the effect of shear-induced pore volume dilation and the rate and state characteristic length scale, [Formula: see text]. Shear-induced pore dilation resulted in a larger number of lower magnitude events. A larger value of [Formula: see text] caused slip to occur aseismically.

scholarly journals Fluid-Structure Interaction Modelling of a Soft Pneumatic Actuator

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Duraikannan Maruthavanan ◽  
Arthur Seibel ◽  
Josef Schlattmann
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Pneumatic Actuator ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
Fully Coupled

This paper presents a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation model of a soft pneumatic actuator (SPA). Previous research on modelling and simulation of SPAs mostly involves finite element modelling (FEM), in which the fluid pressure is considered as pressure load uniformly acting on the internal walls of the actuator. However, FEM modelling does not capture the physics of the fluid flow inside an SPA. An accurate modelling of the physical behaviour of an SPA requires a two-way FSI analysis that captures and transfers information from fluid to solid and vice versa. Furthermore, the investigation of the fluid flow inside the flow channels and chambers of the actuator are vital for an understanding of the fluid energy distribution and the prediction of the actuator performance. The FSI modelling is implemented on a typical SPA and the flow behaviour inside the actuator is presented. Moreover, the bending behaviour of the SPA from the FSI simulation results is compared with a corresponding FEM simulation.

scholarly journals Prior oil and gas production can limit the occurrence of injection-induced seismicity: A case study in the Delaware Basin of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, USA

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Z. Dvory ◽  
Mark D. Zoback
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Delaware Basin ◽  
Stress Changes

We demonstrate that pore pressure and stress changes resulting from several decades of oil and gas production significantly affect the likelihood of injection-related induced seismicity. We illustrate this process in the Delaware Basin (western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, USA), in which hydraulic fracturing and waste-water injection have been inducing numerous earthquakes in the southernmost part of the basin where there has been no prior oil and gas production from the formations in which the earthquakes are now occurring. In the seismically quiescent part of the basin, we show that pore-pressure and poroelastic-stress changes associated with prior oil and gas production make induced seismicity less likely. The findings of this study have important implications for the feasibility of large-scale carbon storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

Role of Large Scale Fluid-Flow in Subsurface Arsenic Enrichment

2005 ◽  
pp. 127-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Goldhaber ◽  
R.C. Lee ◽  
J.R. Hatch ◽  
J.C. Pashin ◽  
J. Treworgy
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Large Scale

Poro-visco-elasto-plastic seismo-hydro-thermomechanical geodynamic models for subduction zones and induced seismicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Gerya ◽  
Claudio Petrini ◽  
Viktoriya Yarushina
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Time Stepping ◽  
Adaptive Time ◽  
Adaptive Time Stepping

<p>Natural and induced seismicity is widely investigated, and extensive knowledge has been acquired in the last years, but exact earthquake mechanisms remain elusive and poorly understood. The high impact of earthquakes on human society emphasizes that a deeper understanding of earthquake processes must be a priority in order to improve seismic hazard assessment and mitigate associated risks. Pervasive fluid flow is a key process significantly influencing rock physics and mechanics, and thus has a crucial impact on natural and induced earthquakes. Seismo-hydro-thermo-mechanical (SHTM) modelling is an important nascent branch of geodynamic modelling, which investigates evolution of coupled fluid-solid systems under conditions of both slow tectonic and fast seismic deformation rates. Here, we present a new fully coupled two-dimensional seismo-hydro-mechanical numerical code, with a poro-visco-elasto-plastic rheology, based on fully staggered finite differences with marker-in-cell technique, adaptive time stepping and global Picard iterations. The presented numerical code combines inertial mechanical deformation with pervasive fluid flow. The adaptive time stepping allows the resolution of co-seismic and interseismic phases with time steps ranging from milliseconds to years.</p><p>First, we demonstrate how fluid-bearing subducting rocks are intrinsically seismic and how seismic events in the form of highly localized ruptures spontaneously nucleate along the subduction interface. Nucleation and propagation of such events are driven by rapid fluid pressurization caused by visco-plastic compaction, counterbalanced by a nearly simultaneous and equivalent poroelastic decompaction inside the propagating and rupturing fault. Successive post and interseismic fluid pressure release, generated by poroelastic compaction along the fault, allows strength recovery of the megathrust. The model reproduces the broad range of seismic events present at the subduction interface, including slower events, regular earthquakes, and earthquakes that rupture the entire megathrust and reach velocities on the order of m/s, without employing slip rate dependent frictional properties.</p><p>Next, we show how our approach can be successfully adapted for fluid injection setups to model induced seismicity phenomena. The numerical code successfully modelled fluid induced seismic events and the resulting seismic wave propagation.  Preliminary results show that faults can form spontaneously and grow aseismically at the injection site thereby creating favorable conditions for the development of broad induced seismicity region where different faults can be activated seismically at different time.</p><p>Finally, we outline in short future SHTM modeling directions that should account for fracture-induced dilatation and dynamic permeability variations, thermal effects and three-dimensionality.</p>

Permeability contrasts of fault zones - from conceptual model to numerical simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Kelka ◽  
Thomas Poulet ◽  
Luk Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fault Zone Architecture ◽  
The Impact

<p>Fault and fracture networks can govern fluid flow patterns in the subsurface and predicting fluid flow on a regional scale is of interest in a variety of fields like groundwater management, mining engineering, energy, and mineral resources. Especially the pore fluid pressure can have a strong impact on the strength of fault zones and might be one of the drivers for fault reactivation. Reliable simulations of the transient changes in fluid pressure need to account for the generic architecture of fault zones that comprises strong permeability contrast between the fault core and damage zone.</p><p>Particularly, the distribution and connectivity of large-scale fault zones can have a strong impact on the flow field. Yet, modelling numerically such features in their full complexity remains challenging. Often faults zones are conceptualized as forming exclusively either barriers or conduits to fluid flow. However, a generic architecture of fault zones often comprises a discrete fault core surrounded by a diffuse damage zone and conceptualizing large scale discontinuities simply as a barrier or conduit is unlikely to capture the regional scale fluid flow dynamics. It is known that if the fault zone is hosted in low-permeability strata, such as clays or crystalline rocks, a transversal flow barrier can form along the fault core whereas the fracture-rich fault damage zone represents a longitudinal conduit. In more permeable host-rocks (i.e. sandstones or carbonates) the reverse situation can occur, and the permeability distributions in the damage zones can be governed by the abundance of low-permeability deformation features. A reliable numerical model needs to account for the difference and strong contrasts in fluid flow properties of the core and the damage zone, both transversally and longitudinally, in order to make prediction about the regional fluid flow pattern.</p><p>Here, we present a numerical method that accounts for the generic fault zone architecture as lower dimensional interfaces in conforming meshes during fluid flow simulations in fault networks. With this method we aim to decipher the impact of fault zone architecture on subsurface flow pattern and fluid pressure evolution in fractures and faulted porous media. The method is implemented in a finite element framework for Multiphysics simulations. We demonstrate the impact of considering the more generic geological structure of individual faults on the flow field by conceptualizing discontinuities either as barriers, conduits or as a conduit-barrier system and show were these conceptualizations are applicable in natural systems. We further show that a reliable regional scale fluid flow simulation in faulted porous media needs to account for the generic fault zone architecture. The approach is finally used to evaluate the fluid flow response of statistically parameterised faulted media, in order to investigate the impact and sensitivity of each variable parameter.</p>

The Role of Sense of Direction and Other Factors During Navigation in a Large-Scale, Unconstrained Environment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth J. Ploran ◽  
Ericka Rovira ◽  
James C. Thompson ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sense Of Direction

Control of interstitial fluid pressure: Role of [beta ]-integrins

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf K. Reed ◽  
Ansgar Berg ◽  
Eli-Anne B. Gjerde ◽  
Kristofer Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure

Magnetic Properties of xCeO2•(50 − x) PbO•50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4486-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.El Damrawi ◽  
F. Gharghar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Essential Change

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2·(50 − x)PbO·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior.  The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation. 

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