Linking the Anatolian microplate rigid motions to the 1999 Mw = 7.5 Izmit earthquake rupture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ignacio Martin de Blas ◽  
Giampiero Iaffaldano ◽  
Eric Calais
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Rigid Motion ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Earthquake Cycle ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Izmit Earthquake ◽  
The North ◽  
Rigid Motions

<p><span>It is typically assumed that the occurrence of large earthquakes along the margins of tectonic plates does not impact on their rigid motions. However, for tectonic units of small size (i.e. for microplates), the viscous resistance at the plate base, and thus the torques needed to change their rigid motions, are significantly smaller than those needed for medium/large-size plates. In fact, a recent study that makes use of numerical simulations of synthetic microplates indicates that it is theoretically possible to link the temporal evolution of geodetically-observed microplate motions to the buildup and release of stresses associated with the earthquake cycle.</span></p><p><span>Here, we focus on the motion of the Anatolian microplate. We extract its rigid motion from GPS time series spanning the time around the 1999 M</span><sub><span>W</span></sub><span> = 7.5 Izmit earthquake. We select </span><span>those</span><span> GPS stations that are sufficiently away from plate boundaries, such as the North Anatolian Fault, the East Anatolian Fault and the Western Anatolia Extensional Province. Then, we attempt linking the temporal evolution of the Anatolian microplate rigid motion to the stresses associated with the 1999 M</span><sub><span>W</span></sub><span> = 7.5 Izmit earthquake rupture. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that, in contrast to current models of the earthquake cycle, we connect earthquake stresses to changes in plate rigid motions and not to the crustal deformation in the vicinity of earthquake-prone faults.</span></p>

Paleoseismic history and slip rate along the Sapanca-Akyazı segment of the 1999 İzmit earthquake rupture (M w  = 7.4) of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey)

2018 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 92-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Dikbaş ◽  
H. Serdar Akyüz ◽  
Mustapha Meghraoui ◽  
Matthieu Ferry ◽  
Erhan Altunel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Izmit Earthquake ◽  
The North

scholarly journals ANALYSING POST-SEISMIC DEFORMATION OF IZMIT EARTHQUAKE WITH INSAR, GNSS AND COULOMB STRESS MODELLING

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alac Barut ◽  
J. Trinder ◽  
C. Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
North West ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Izmit Earthquake ◽  
The North ◽  
Stress Changes

On August 17<sup>th</sup> 1999, a M<sub>w</sub> 7.4 earthquake struck the city of Izmit in the north-west of Turkey. This event was one of the most devastating earthquakes of the twentieth century. The epicentre of the Izmit earthquake was on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) which is one of the most active right-lateral strike-slip faults on earth. However, this earthquake offers an opportunity to study how strain is accommodated in an inter-segment region of a large strike slip fault. In order to determine the Izmit earthquake post-seismic effects, the authors modelled Coulomb stress changes of the aftershocks, as well as using the deformation measurement techniques of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The authors have shown that InSAR and GNSS observations over a time period of three months after the earthquake combined with Coulomb Stress Change Modelling can explain the fault zone expansion, as well as the deformation of the northern region of the NAF. It was also found that there is a strong agreement between the InSAR and GNSS results for the post-seismic phases of investigation, with differences less than 2mm, and the standard deviation of the differences is less than 1mm.

scholarly journals Implementasi Google Maps API Pemetaan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Alam di Kabupatem Lombok Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Khaerul Yasin ◽  
Ahmat Adil
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Basically, Indonesia is traversed by three active tectonic plates namely the Indo-Australian Plate in the south, and the Eurasian Plate in the north and the Pacific Plate in the east. The plates collide with each other because the Indo-Australian Plate movement drops below the Eurasian plate. As a result of this accumulation, it caused earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults or faults in parts of Indonesia. In the Geographic Information System evacuation routes will be used by Google maps Api to implement the spatial map making of evacuation routes. Google Map Api is an application interface that can be accessed via javascript so that Google Map can be displayed on the web page that we are building. The result or output to be achieved is the creation of a geographic information system mapping natural disaster evacuation route in the North Lombok district that can be run on a Web platform. Based on the trials conducted it can be concluded that this application can help the community to find the location of evacuation routes and gathering points in accordance with the districts and villages where they live.

scholarly journals The two-stage Aegean extension, from localized to distributed, a result of slab rollback acceleration

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Brun ◽  
Claudio Faccenna ◽  
Frédéric Gueydan ◽  
Dimitrios Sokoutis ◽  
Mélody Philippon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Slab Rollback ◽  
Slab Tearing

Back-arc extension in the Aegean, which was driven by slab rollback since 45 Ma, is described here for the first time in two stages. From Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene, deformation was localized leading to (i) the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks to crustal depths, (ii) the exhumation of high-temperature metamorphic rocks in core complexes, and (iii) the deposition of sedimentary basins. Since Middle Miocene, extension distributed over the whole Aegean domain controlled the deposition of onshore and offshore Neogene sedimentary basins. We reconstructed this two-stage evolution in 3D and four steps at Aegean scale by using available ages of metamorphic and sedimentary processes, geometry, and kinematics of ductile deformation, paleomagnetic data, and available tomographic models. The restoration model shows that the rate of trench retreat was around 0.6 cm/year during the first 30 My and then accelerated up to 3.2 cm/year during the last 15 My. The sharp transition observed in the mode of extension, localized versus distributed, in Middle Miocene correlates with the acceleration of trench retreat and is likely a consequence of the Hellenic slab tearing documented by mantle tomography. The development of large dextral northeast–southwest strike-slip faults, since Middle Miocene, is illustrated by the 450 km long fault zone, offshore from Myrthes to Ikaria and onshore from Izmir to Balikeshir, in Western Anatolia. Therefore, the interaction between the Hellenic trench retreat and the westward displacement of Anatolia started in Middle Miocene, almost 10 Ma before the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean.

Reduction to the pole of the North American magnetic anomalies

Geophysics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arkani‐Hamed ◽  
W. E. S. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Gravity Gradients ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Gravity Gradient ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Vertical Gravity

Magnetic anomalies of North America are reduced to the pole using a generalized technique which takes into account the variations in the directions of the core field and the magnetization of the crust over North America. The reduced‐to‐the‐pole magnetic anomalies show good correlations with a number of regional tectonic features, such as the Mid‐Continental rift and the collision zones along plate boundaries, which are also apparent in the vertical gravity gradient map of North America. The magnetic anomalies do not, however, show consistent correlation with the vertical gravity gradients, suggesting that magnetic and gravity anomalies do not necessarily arise from common sources.

Evolution of migrating transform faults in anisotropic oceanic crust: examples from Iceland

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Karson ◽  
Bryndís Brandsdóttir ◽  
Páll Einarsson ◽  
Kristján Sæmundsson ◽  
James A. Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
The North ◽  
Rift Propagation ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Ocean Ridge

Major transform fault zones link extensional segments of the North American – Eurasian plate boundary as it transects the Iceland Hotspot. Changes in plate boundary geometry, involving ridge jumps, rift propagation, and related transform fault zone migration, have occurred as the boundary has moved relative to the hotspot. Reconfiguration of transform fault zones occurred at about 6 Ma in northern Iceland and began about 3 Ma in southern Iceland. These systems show a range of different types of transform fault zones, ranging from diffuse, oblique rift zones to narrower, well-defined, transform faults oriented parallel to current plate motions. Crustal deformation structures correlate with the inferred duration and magnitude of strike-slip displacements. Collectively, the different expressions of transform zones may represent different stages of development in an evolutionary sequence that may be relevant for understanding the tectonic history of plate boundaries in Iceland as well as the structure of transform fault zones on more typical parts of the mid-ocean ridge system.

The Mesozoic-Tertiary evolution of the Aquitaine Basin

1982 ◽  
Vol 305 (1489) ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
The South ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The North ◽  
Basic Magmatism ◽  
Aquitaine Basin

The Aquitaine Basin, situated in southwest France, with an area of about 60 000 km 2 , has the form of a triangle which opens towards the Atlantic (Bay of Biscay) and is limited to the north by the Hercynian basement of Brittany and the Massif Central, and to the south by the Pyrenean Tertiary orogenic belt. Beneath the Tertiary sequence (2 km thick, and which outcrops over much of the basin) a Mesozoic series, up to 10 km thick, rests generally on a tectonized Hercynian basement but locally it covers narrow (NW-SE-trending) post-orogenic trenches of Stephano-Permian age. The Mesozoic history can be subdivided into four major structural-sedimentary episodes: (1) during a Triassic taphrogenic phase a continental-evaporitic complex developed with associated basic magmatism; (2) throughout the Jurassic, a vast lagoonal platform developed, initially (Lower Lias) as a thick evaporitic sequence followed by a uniform shale-carbonate unit, indicating a relative structural stability; (3) the end of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous saw a fragmentation of this platform, due to an interplay between the Iberian and European tectonic plates, resulting in an ensemble of strongly subsident sub-basins; (4) during the Upper Cretaceous and until the end of the Neogene, the evolution of the Aquitaine Basin was influenced by the Pyrenean orogenic phase, with the development, towards the south, of a trench infilled by flysch which, from the Upper Eocene, is succeeded by a thick post-orogenic molasse complex. The main hydrocarbon objectives in the basin are situated in the Jurassic platform (e.g. the Lacq giant gas field) and the Cretaceous sub-basins (e.g. the Cazaux and Parentis oil fields). To date, production has been about 4 x 10 7 m 3 of oil, and about 15 x 10 10 m 3 of gas since the first gas discovery (St Marcet) in 1939.

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