Concept for shallow geothermal opportunity mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Boon ◽  
Gareth Farr ◽  
Laura Williams ◽  
Stephen Thorpe ◽  
Ashley Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Combining Data

<p>Reaching Net Zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 2050 will require rapid and wide-scale deployment of renewable heating technologies in rural and urban areas, including open and closed loop type production wells and borehole heat exchangers, supplying individual, shared, and centralised heat pumps as part of wider district heating and cooling grids.  Ground and groundwater conditions are naturally variable and are a key factor in system viability, capital cost and long-term performance.  Engineering approaches for heating and cooling of buildings should be optimised for the local thermo-geological conditions to avoid system interference and thermal degradation.  Sustainable use of shallow geothermal systems can be achieved by adopting an environmental stewardship approach, integrating geological information within energy master plans, taking full advantage of subsurface data visualisation technology and integrated planning and modelling tools.</p><p>We present a method for creating a digital <em>shallow geothermal opportunities map</em> - mostly aimed at moderate- to expert-skill level geoenvironmetal and energy consultants, planners and civil engineers.  The output is a digital 1:50 000 scale equivalent thematic map, that provides a synthesis of available technical information by combining data such as 3D superficial geological model data - delimiting aquifer and non-aquifer boundaries, groundwater levels and temperatures, aquifer thickness, flow direction, possibly with inset tables summarising groundwater chemistry and key physical properties of the main geological units such typical thermal conductivity.  Built infrastructure that could constrain drilling locations, as well as potential water discharge points and open water heat source and storage opportunities, such as sewers, rivers, canals, docks, and lakes, might also be included in the map.  Local development plans and heat demand mapping data could then be integrated with the opportunities map to identify and prioritise districts that would benefit from more detailed viability studies for conversion of fossil fuel heating systems to low carbon heating and cooling technologies.</p><p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme under the GeoERA MUSE project – Managing Urban Shallow Geothermal Energy.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of a District Sharing Strategy on Application Capacity and Carbon Emissions for Heating and Cooling with GSHP Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
He Qi ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

To meet long-term climate change targets, the way that heating and cooling are generated and distributed has to be changed to achieve a supply of affordable, secure and low-carbon energy for all buildings and infrastructures. Among the possible renewable sources of energy, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can be an effective low-carbon solution that is compatible with district heating and cooling in urban areas. There are no location restrictions for this technology, and underground energy sources are stable for long-term use. According to a previous study, buildings in urban areas have demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in terms of their capacity to demand (C/D) ratio under the application of GSHP due to variations in heating demand and available space. If a spatial sharing strategy can be developed to allow the surplus geothermal capacity to be shared with neighbors, the heating and cooling demands of a greater number of buildings in an area can be satisfied, thus achieving a city with lower carbon emissions. In this study, a GSHP district system model was developed with a specific embedding sharing strategy for the application of GSHP. Two sharing strategies were proposed in this study: (i) Strategy 1 involved individual systems with borehole sharing, and (ii) Strategy 2 was a central district system. Three districts in London were selected to compare the performance of the developed models on the C/D ratio, required borehole number and carbon emissions. According to the comparison analysis, both strategies were able to enhance the GSHP application capacity and increase the savings of carbon emissions. However, the improvement levels were shown to be different. A greater number of building types and a higher variety in building types with larger differentiation in heating and cooling demands can contribute to a better district sharing performance. In addition, it was found that these two sharing strategies were applicable to different kinds of districts.

Clean and Green Energy Technologies, Sustainable Development, and Environment

2014 ◽  
pp. 287-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeen Mustafa Omer
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The move towards a low-carbon world, driven partly by climate science and partly by the business opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentally friendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is to be achieved. This requires the harnessing and use of natural resources that produce no air pollution or greenhouse gases and provide comfortable coexistence of humans, livestock, and plants. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of energy sources, and the development of sustainable technologies to explore these energy sources. It also includes potential renewable energy technologies, efficient energy systems, energy savings techniques, and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate changes. The chapter concludes with the technical status of the Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) technology. The purpose of this chapter, however, is to examine the means of reduction of energy consumption in buildings, identify GSHPs as an environmentally friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promote using GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and to present typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Bi-Directional Heat Trading Operation Integrated with Heat Prosumers in Thermal Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5881
Author(s):  
Min-Hwi Kim ◽  
Deuk-Won Kim ◽  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Jaehyeok Heo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Thermal Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Childcare Center

District cooling and heating methods that can utilize highly efficient heat pumps and various unused new and renewable types of energy are required to achieve low carbon emissions and zero energy usage in buildings and community units. The technical requirements for the implementation of decentralized thermal networks and heat trading are increasing, both for thermal networks in new buildings and for those remodeled based on existing centralized thermal networks. In this study, a conventional centralized thermal network was implemented as a decentralized thermal network and the possibility of heat prosumers feeding thermal networks was demonstrated experimentally. A real-scale plant was constructed by employing unused thermal energy facilities as prosumers in a school and childcare center based on the existing small-scale block heating and cooling thermal network. The decentralized thermal network and heat prosumer concepts were proven through operation experiments performed on the constructed system in summer and winter. An economic benefit can be achieved by increasing the peak power cost. The experimental results also showed that the proposed bi-directional heat trading reduced carbon emissions by 12.7% compared with conventional centralized thermal systems.

scholarly journals Shallow geothermal energy potential of south-west Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Miocic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Geological Conditions

<p>A large-scale transformation of the heating and cooling sector is needed to achieve the climate neutrality goals by 2050 as outlined in the European Green Deal. One frequently discussed option for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is the widespread use of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) for heating and cooling living spaces. Here, the technical potential of GSHPs to supply heat to buildings in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is analysed. This study is based on the yearly demand for heating energy at a building block scale, geological conditions, mean annual surface temperatures, as well as legal restrictions such as temperature differences at the heat pump, maximum monthly heat extraction rates as well as areas restricted from drilling. It is shown that for many densely populated areas many GSHPs would be needed to supply all the energy needed for heating. However, in less densely populated areas GSHPs can be used for heating. If future heating demand is lower due to wide-spread insulation retrofitting, GSHPs could supply most of the energy needed for heating even in densely populated areas.</p>

Planheat Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-105
Author(s):  
Matteo Porta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
European Population ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The Impact

More than two thirds of the European population live in urban areas. Cities are places where both problems emerge and solutions are found. They are fertile ground for science and technology, for culture and innovation, for individual and collective creativity, and for mitigating the impact of climate change. Cities are communities where to study environmental, social, economic impact of new energy technologies. A tool to unlock the planning potential of EU cities has been developed thanks to the collaboration of different EU research centers, SMEs and consultancy firms led by Rina Consulting involved in Planheat EU Project (funded by the European Union's H2020 Programme under grant agreement 723757). PLANHEAT Consortium developed and validated an integrated and easy-to-use, GIS-based, and open source tool to support local authorities in selecting, simulating and comparing alternative low carbon and economically sustainable scenarios for heating and cooling.

scholarly journals Marketing and branding-oriented goals for the development of Functional Urban Areas: evidence from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Anna Matwiejczyk ◽  
Ewa Glińska ◽  
Yauheniya Barkun
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
Target Image ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dense Urban Area ◽  
Functional Areas

AbstractThe European Union currently uses Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) as basic units for planning local development activities under its financial support. An important issue in terms of managing such areas is branding. FUAs are made of at least several territorial units (covering a dense urban area and a functionally related urbanised zone). Such composition poses a particular challenge in terms of developing a brand that covers all of the units. Therefore, it is essential to select the core around which the target image will be created. This publication aims to identify marketing and branding goals for the development of FUAs and determine activities facilitating the achievement of these goals by entities that manage the functional areas. The research method used in the article was a content analysis of documents outlined as Strategies for Integrated Territorial Investments developed for FUAs in Poland. The authors of the article undertook preliminary exploratory research. The obtained results show that most of the marketing and branding goals for the development of FUAs correspond with the objectives specific to city marketing and branding. Moreover, “integration” and “strengthening the metropolitan area function” were recognised as goals specific to FUAs.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Integrating Underground Railways into Low Carbon Urban Energy Networks: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Lagoeiro ◽  
Akos Revesz ◽  
Gareth Davies ◽  
Graeme Maidment ◽  
Daniel Curry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Many

Cities demand vast amounts of energy for their everyday operation, resulting in significant degradation of energy in the form of heat in the urban environment. This leads to high cooling requirements in cities, while also presenting the opportunity to reuse such waste heat in order to provide low-carbon heating for buildings and processes. Among the many potential energy sources that could be exploited in urban areas, underground railway tunnels are particularly attractive, as the operation of the trains produce considerable amounts of heat throughout the year. This paper reviews how secondary energy sources in urban areas can be integrated into heating and cooling networks, with emphasis on underground rail tunnels. This involves investigating potential urban waste heat sources and the existing state-of-the-art technologies that could be applied to efficiently recover this secondary energy, as well as analyzing how district heating and cooling networks have been a key mechanism to allow for a smooth transition from current fossil fuel based to future low-carbon energy sources.

scholarly journals Archetype definition for analysing retrofit solutions in urban areas in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Michele De Carli ◽  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Antonino Di Bella ◽  
Samantha Graci ◽  
Giuseppe Emmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) are gaining interest for many applications and a very difficult task is to look at their affordability in urban environments with limited spaces. For this reason, the EU project GEO4CIVHIC has been funded. In order to set up different cases with different levels of retrofit and try to generalize results, the project focuses the activity on archetypes, i.e. buildings which may represent the usual type of building which may be found more frequently in urban environments around Europe. The analysis of the archetypes has been based on literature review and analysing the existing databases of buildings in Europe. The work allowed to determine a reference building for single family house and a building representing an apartment block for multi-users. In this latest case two types of possible uses have been examined: residential building and office building. In order to set up different levels of retrofit and cost-effective solutions, three different climates have been defined: warm climate, mild climate and cold climate. The climatic conditions do not only affect the energy demand of the building and the peak power needed for heating and cooling, but also determine different ways of buildings’ construction and define different levels of insulation. Last but not least, the buildings have been also subdivided into existing buildings, i.e. built up from 1960 to 2000 and historic buildings, i.e. buildings earlier than 1960. The paper presents the first step of the research which permitted to define the different archetypes, their dimensions and way they are constructed. Moreover, the different simulations allowed to define the energy needs of the buildings as well as the peak power for heating and cooling. This allows to create a matrix for the different levels of retrofit solutions which will be associated to related costs for a cost-benefit analysis to check the most achievable solutions.

scholarly journals Tourism as an Aspect of City Branding in Functional Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Ewa Glińska ◽  
Anna Matwiejczyk ◽  
Yauheniya Barkun
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
City Brand ◽  
Current Perspective

Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) are among the main actors of local development planning in the current perspective of the European Union. One of significant challenges in the management of such areas is the creation of an image or building of a city brand covering several neighboring municipalities. Among other things, tourist attractions can be used as important factors in defining metropolitan identity. The aim of the paper is to identify categories of tourist attractions that are used in the process of communicating FUAs’ brands. The paper is focused on branding activities related to the tourism of selected FUAs in Poland. The research method involved a content analysis of documents entitled Strategies of Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) developed for Polish FUAs. Research results show that branding activities of FUAs aimed at developing their tourism function are more material- than immaterial-oriented and concern only those issues that are dependent on local government authorities and not tourism companies. The paper contributes to the development of the city branding theory focusing on the issue of developing a tourist brand for FUAs. The key limitations of the paper are as follows: it is based on the analysis just one type of documents – ITI Strategies of Polish FUAs – and the specificity of content analysis as a research method.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery from Wastewater: A Study on Heating and Cooling of a Multipurpose Building with Sewage-Reclaimed Heat Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cecconet ◽  
Jakub Raček ◽  
Arianna Callegari ◽  
Petr Hlavínek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
The Impact

To achieve technically-feasible and socially-desirable sustainable management of urban areas, new paradigms have been developed to enhance the sustainability of water and its resources in modern cities. Wastewater is no longer seen as a wasted resource, but rather, as a mining ground from which to obtain valuable chemicals and energy; for example, heat energy, which is often neglected, can be recovered from wastewater for different purposes. In this work, we analyze the design and application of energy recovery from wastewater for heating and cooling a building in Brno (Czech Republic) by means of heat exchangers and pumps. The temperature and the flow rate of the wastewater flowing in a sewer located in the proximity of the building were monitored for a one-year period, and the energy requirement for the building was calculated as 957 MWh per year. Two options were evaluated: heating and cooling using a conventional system (connected to the local grid), and heat recovery from wastewater using heat exchangers and coupled heat pumps. The analysis of the scenarios suggested that the solution based on heat recovery from wastewater was more feasible, showing a 59% decrease in energy consumption compared to the conventional solution (respectively, 259,151 kWh and 620,475 kWh per year). The impact of heat recovery from wastewater on the kinetics of the wastewater resource recovery facility was evaluated, showing a negligible impact in both summer (increase of 0.045 °C) and winter conditions (decrease of 0.056 °C).

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