Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimate Using a Fully-automated Permanent Sensor Network in Munich

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Benno Voggenreiter ◽  
Xinxu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

<p>To effectively mitigate climate change, it is indispensable to know the locations of the emission sources and their respective emission strength. As the majority of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon monoxide (CO) are generated in cities, our focus lies in the emission determination of urban areas. For this reason, we established a fully-automated sensor network in Munich, Germany to permanently measure GHGs.</p><p>Our permanent network is based on the differential column measurement principle [1] and measures the city emissions using five FTIR spectrometer systems (EM27/SUN from Bruker [2]). For these spectrometers we built a self-developed enclosure system and equipped them with several sensors (e.g. computer vision based solar radiation sensor) to measure the column-averaged concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO in a fully-automated way. The difference between the column amounts inside and outside of the city reflects the pollutants abundance generated in the city. Four stations are placed at the city outskirts to capture the inflow/outflow column amounts in arbitrary wind conditions. One inner-city station, which has already been operating successfully since 2016 [3], is serving as a permanent downwind site for half of the city.</p><p>With the help of atmospheric transport models, combined with a Bayesian inverse modelling approach, those concentration differences are transferred into spatially resolved emission estimates of the city. After testing the network in two campaigns (2017 and 2018), the network is finally long-term operating since summer 2019 and continuously measures the GHG concentrations in Munich. We will show both the hardware achievements and first measurement and emission results after ten month of operation.</p><p>[1] Chen et al.: Differential column measurements using compact solar-tracking spectrometers. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16: 8479–8498, 2016.</p><p>[2] Gisi et al.: XCO2-measurements with a tabletop FTS using solar absorption spectroscopy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2969-2980, 2012</p><p>[3] Heinle and Chen: Automated Enclosure and Protection System for Compact Solar-Tracking Spectrometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2173-2185, 2018</p>

Urban methane emission estimate using measurements obtained by MUCCnet (Munich Urban Carbon Column network)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Adrian Wenzel ◽  
Andreas Forstmaier ◽  
Friedrich Klappenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chem Phys ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Bayesian Inversion ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Emission Estimate ◽  
Prior Estimate

<p>In 2019, we established the Munich Urban Carbon Column network (MUCCnet) [1] that measures the column-averaged concentration gradients of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO using the differential column methodology (DCM, [2]). The network consists of five ground-based FTIR spectrometers (EM27/SUN from Bruker [3]), which are deployed both on the outskirts of Munich and in the city center. The distance between each outer spectrometer and the center station is approximately 10 km. Each spectrometer is protected by one of our fully automated enclosure systems [4], allowing us to run the network permanently. In addition, data are available from three one-month measurement campaigns in Munich between 2017 and 2019, each using five to six spectrometers.</p><p>To quantify urban methane emissions, we developed a Bayesian inverse modeling approach that was tested first in Indianapolis using campaign data from 2016 [5]. After adapting the modeling framework to the Munich case, we are able to use the large amount of data gathered by MUCCnet to quantify the methane emissions of the third largest city in Germany in detail. The framework takes the spatially resolved emission inventory TNO-GHGco (1 km x 1 km) as a prior estimate and refines it through the Bayesian inversion of the EM27/SUN observations. Our long-term dataset and continuous operation will provide new insights into Munich’s urban carbon cycle and will allow us to evaluate climate protection measures in the future.</p><p>Thanks to the automation, we were also able to continue the measurements during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Germany, resulting in a unique dataset that allows us to verify and improve our model.</p><p>[1] Dietrich, F., Chen, J., Voggenreiter, B., Aigner, P., Nachtigall, N., and Reger, B.: Munich permanent urban greenhouse gas column observing network, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-300, accepted, 2020.</p><p>[2] Chen, J., Viatte, C., Hedelius, J. K., Jones, T., Franklin, J. E., Parker, H., Gottlieb, E. W., Wennberg, P. O., Dubey, M. K., and Wofsy, S. C.: Differential column measurements using compact solar-tracking spectrometers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8479–8498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8479-2016, 2016. </p><p>[3] Gisi, M., Hase, F., Dohe, S., Blumenstock, T., Simon, A., and Keens, A.: XCO<sub>2</sub>-measurements with a tabletop FTS using solar absorption spectroscopy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2969–2980, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2969-2012, 2012.</p><p>[4] Heinle, L. and Chen, J.: Automated enclosure and protection system for compact solar-tracking spectrometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2173–2185, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2173-2018, 2018.</p><p>[5] Jones, T. S., Franklin, J. E., Chen, J., Dietrich, F., Hajny, K. D., Paetzold, J. C., Wenzel, A., Gately, C., Gottlieb, E., Parker, H., Dubey, M., Hase, F., Shepson, P. B., Mielke, L. H., and Wofsy, S. C.: Assessing Urban Methane Emissions using Column Observing Portable FTIR Spectrometers and a Novel Bayesian Inversion Framework, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1262, in review, 2021.</p>

scholarly journals Analyzing the Issue of On-street Parking in Commercial Areas: A Case Study of the City of Hyderabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Baig Farrukh ◽  
Sahito Noman ◽  
Bano Arsla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Business District ◽  
Public Views ◽  
The City

In developing countries, rapid urbanization has created an enormous pressure on land use, infrastructure and transportation. The fast growing ratio of motorized vehicles in urban areas is the main cause of environmental degradation. Almost 80% of the greenhouse gas emission is from vehicles in cities. In the city centers, on-street parking is considered the major cause of traffic congestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of on-street parking and disorderly parking at Central Business District (CBD) of Hyderabad city. The field survey methodology was adopted to perceive the current traffic problems in the city center and traffic count survey was carried out in both peak and off hours. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency analysis technique with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that increasing number of vehicles, on-street parking, improper parking, encroachment, inadequate parking space and poor condition of roads are the main causes of traffic congestion. The study bridges up the research gap of determining public views about on-street parking challenges in the context of Hyderabad, Pakistan and provides statistical results which may equally be adapted by policy makers and transportation planners in order to improve the traffic situation.

scholarly journals Towards sector-based attribution using intra-city variations in satellite-based emission ratios between CO<sub>2</sub> and CO

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dien Wu ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Paul O. Wennberg ◽  
Paul I. Palmer ◽  
Robert R. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Urban Land Cover ◽  
Emission Estimate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) are co-emitted by many combustion sources. Previous efforts have combined satellite-based observations of multiple tracers to calculate their emission ratio (ER) for inferring combustion efficiency at regional to city scale. Very few studies have focused on burning efficiency at the sub-city scale or related it to emission sectors using space-based observations. Several factors are important for deriving spatially-resolved ERs from asynchronous satellite measurements including 1) variations in meteorological conditions induced by different overpass times, 2) differences in vertical sensitivity of the retrievals (i.e., averaging kernel profiles), and 3) interferences from the biosphere and biomass burning. In this study, we extended an established emission estimate approach to arrive at spatially-resolved ERs based on retrieved column-averaged CO2 (XCO2) from the Snapshot Area Mapping (SAM) mode of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) and column-averaged CO from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). To evaluate the influence of the confounding factors listed above and further explain the intra-urban variations in ERs, we leveraged a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model and an urban land cover classification dataset and reported ERCO from the sounding level to the overpass- and city- levels. We found that the difference in the overpass times and averaging kernels between OCO and TROPOMI strongly affect the estimated spatially-resolved ERCO. Specifically, a time difference of > 3 hours typically led to dramatic changes in the wind direction and shape of urban plumes and thereby making the calculation of accurate sounding-specific ERCO difficult. After removing those cases from consideration and applying a simple plume shift method when necessary, we discovered significant contrasts in combustion efficiencies between 1) two megacities versus two industry-oriented cities and 2) different regions within a city, based on six to seven nearly-coincident overpasses per city. Results suggest that the combustion efficiency for heavy industry in Los Angeles is slightly lower than its overall city-wide value (< 10 ppb-CO / ppm-CO2). In contrast, ERs related to the heavy industry in Shanghai are found to be much higher than Shanghai’s city-mean and more aligned with city-means of the two industry-oriented Chinese cities (approaching 20 ppb-CO / ppm-CO2). Although investigations based on a larger number of satellite overpasses are needed, our first analysis provides guidance for estimating intra-city gradients in combustion efficiency from future missions, such as those that will map column CO2 and CO concentration simultaneously with high spatiotemporal resolutions.

scholarly journals Long-term urban traffic monitoring based on wireless multi-sensor network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Loga-Księska ◽  
Justyna Sordyl ◽  
Artur Ryguła
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The City

AbstractIncreasing the number of vehicles on the road network and the growing popularity of sustainable development of urban areas have resulted in the need for implementing efficient and cost-effective traffic measurement methods. From the perspective of traffic management, up-to-date information about vehicle density and access to historical data are the key components of traffic variability analyses. Rapid technological development based on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has popularised the wireless sensor networks (WSN) application. The solution enables continuous monitoring of selected area using multiple wireless and low-cost sensors connected within a network. Those systems are dynamically evolving tools for solving an effective traffic management issues in city centres and urban environments. In the study, authors have performed a traffic variability and its dynamics analysis in a selected area using a multi-sensor network for traffic volume monitoring. The article presents the results of research conducted between years 2015 - 2018 throughout the city of Bielsko-Biala with the support of OnDynamic multimodal system. Within the context of the analyses, basic traffic parameters have been determined and variability trends have been identified on selected road sections. Long-term research indicated the minor variation in a number of vehicle detections and relatively stable traffic volume in the city centre during the analysis period.

scholarly journals MUCCnet: Munich Urban Carbon Column network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1111-1126
Author(s):  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Benno Voggenreiter ◽  
Patrick Aigner ◽  
Nico Nachtigall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The City

Abstract. In order to mitigate climate change, it is crucial to understand urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions precisely, as more than two-thirds of the anthropogenic GHG emissions worldwide originate from cities. Nowadays, urban emission estimates are mainly based on bottom-up calculation approaches with high uncertainties. A reliable and long-term top-down measurement approach could reduce the uncertainty of these emission inventories significantly. We present the Munich Urban Carbon Column network (MUCCnet), the world's first urban sensor network, which has been permanently measuring GHGs, based on the principle of differential column measurements (DCMs), since summer 2019. These column measurements and column concentration differences are relatively insensitive to vertical redistribution of tracer masses and surface fluxes upwind of the city, making them a favorable input for an inversion framework and, therefore, a well-suited candidate for the quantification of GHG emissions. However, setting up such a stationary sensor network requires an automated measurement principle. We developed our own fully automated enclosure systems for measuring column-averaged CO2, CH4 and CO concentrations with a solar-tracking Fourier transform spectrometer (EM27/SUN) in a fully automated and long-term manner. This also includes software that starts and stops the measurements autonomously and can be used independently from the enclosure system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the novel applications of such a sensor network by presenting the measurement results of our five sensor systems that are deployed in and around Munich. These results include the seasonal cycle of CO2 since 2015, as well as concentration gradients between sites upwind and downwind of the city. Thanks to the automation, we were also able to continue taking measurements during the COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020. By correlating the CO2 column concentration gradients to the traffic amount, we demonstrate that our network is capable of detecting variations in urban emissions. The measurements from our unique sensor network will be combined with an inverse modeling framework that we are currently developing in order to monitor urban GHG emissions over years, identify unknown emission sources and assess how effective the current mitigation strategies are. In summary, our achievements in automating column measurements of GHGs will allow researchers all over the world to establish this approach for long-term greenhouse gas monitoring in urban areas.

scholarly journals Dutch Natural Resiliency of below Sea-Level Living Residents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
Area North ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

The Wester coastal Delta zone of the Netherlands, the relatively more crowded area of the country hosting ten out of seventeen heading to twenty million people, asks for a growing alertness on the topic of resiliency the light of climate-change, like many coastal urban areas do. Approaches of resiliency are often pre-dominated by governmental rescue planning and mobilization of technology innovative solutions. By comparing the float disasters of the 2015 Katrina and 2012 Sandy thunder-storms that hit respectively New Orleans and New York we can learn that the behaviour of people can make the difference in overcoming climate change impact disasters. Post-PhD research with focus on the Dutch Zaanstreek-Waterland area north of the city of Amsterdam, where in 1916 a severe flood took place, proved such. The outcome from focus group sessions is that the alertness and availability of the people to act in case of disaster urgency makes a positive difference, if the memory of the area residents to previous disaster handling is kept alert. This Zaanstreek-Waterland research showed that the disaster from 100 year before still kept the residents alert into resiliency. With that result the defi-nition of resilience should be improved by adding: &lsquo;the interplay in a triangular relationship of civil servants, technicians and residents&rsquo;.

Meteorology-normalized impact of COVID-19 lockdown upon NO2 and O3 in Spain 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Petetin ◽  
Dene Bowdalo ◽  
Hicham Achebak ◽  
Albert Soret ◽  
Marc Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The mobility restrictions implemented to slow down the transmission of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically altered Spanish anthropogenic emissions in several sectors, leading to substantial impacts on air pollutant concentrations. In order to reliably quantify these changes, the confounding effects of meteorological variability need to be properly taken into account. We thus designed an innovative methodology relying on the use of machine learning (ML) models fed with ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data and other time features, to estimate more accurately the so-called business-as-usual (BAU) pollutant concentrations that would have been observed in the absence of lockdown (Petetin et al., 2020). The difference with concentrations actually observed during the lockdown give meteorology-normalized estimates of the AQ changes due to the altered anthropogenic emission forcing, independently from the meteorological variability. Importantly, our methodology includes a conservative estimation of the uncertainties, which allows to highlight statistically significant changes.&amp;#160;This study focuses on NO2 and O3. We applied this analysis for a selection of urban background and traffic stations covering more than 50 Spanish provinces and islands.&amp;#160;Validation results indicate that the method usually performs well for estimating BAU concentrations (mean absolute bias below +6%, root mean square error around 25-30% and correlation above 0.80).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The COVID-19-related lockdown has induced a strong reduction (-50% on average) of NO2 concentrations in Spanish urban areas, although with some spatial variability among the provinces. In largest cities, stronger reductions were found at traffic stations compared to urban background ones, reflecting the major impact of the lockdown on traffic emissions. Substantial discrepancies with changes obtained considering a climatological averaged NO2 concentrations were found, highlighting the interest of such ML-based weather-normalization method. Compared to NO2, the impact on O3 is lower and more heterogeneous. In many cities, O3 levels slightly increased (likely due to a reduced titration by NO), but these increments often remain within the (95% confidence level) uncertainties of our methodology. However, during the most stringent phase of the lockdown (beginning of April and the few following days), a clearer O3 increase is found, reaching the statistical significance in several Spanish cities (e.g. Albacete, Barcelona, Castell&amp;#243;n, Mallorca, Murcia, M&amp;#225;laga).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results are of strong interest for quantifying the corresponding health impacts of these AQ changes, especially for showing the potential trade-offs between health benefits induced by the reduction of NO2 and enhanced mortality due to higher O3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petetin, H., Bowdalo, D., Soret, A., Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Serradell, K., and P&amp;#233;rez Garc&amp;#237;a-Pando, C.: Meteorology-normalized impact of the COVID-19 lockdown upon NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#160;pollution in Spain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11119&amp;#8211;11141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11119-2020, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

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