Geochemistry of geothermal fluids in Moil Valley geothermal field, NW Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Masoumi ◽  
Farahnaz Bakhshandeh GharehTapeh ◽  
Bahman Bakhshandeh GharehTapeh
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
D Values ◽  
Sabalan Volcano

<p>The Moil valley geothermal field is located in the northwest of Sabalan volcano in the northwest of Iran. The geothermal activities attributed to the Sabalan volcano was intensified during Plio-Quaternary time and the manifestations of these activities are observable around the volcano especially in the northwestern corner. The hot springs, surficial manifestations, and extracted fluids from drilled wells represent the whole composition of underground reservoir fluids. The thermal measurement of fluids show wide ranges of temperature of fluids where the hottest spring show 89˚C and the fluids obtained from well samplings show maximum temperature of 202˚C.  </p><p>The reservoir temperature estimations based on different geothermometers show 250˚C for the reservoir. The interpretation of carried out chemical analyses represent Na-K-Cl dominant composition for the studies samples taken from hot springs and drilled wells. All of sampling stations show pH ranges of 4.2-7.6 which reveal acidic to neutral pH range. The variation of TDS for the studied samples ranges between 209 to 320 mg/L. The evaluation of correlation coefficients between main parameters gives notable results. The positive and good correlation coefficient between temperature and Cl is obvious in most of samples and consequently the Cl content of samples increases in high temperature samples.        </p><p>Boron as a key constituent in geothermal fluids show variable concentrations in Moil Valley geothermal fluids and shows 0.28-35 mg/L Boron content in the studied samples. The correlation between Boron and pH for the studied samples is positive. This correlation displays the highest concentrations in pH=7. The main Boron species in this pH value is B(OH)<sub>3</sub> which is more stable comparing to the other Boron phases.  </p><p>The stable isotope analyses of the studied samples show -12 to -9.1‰ for δ<sup>18</sup>O and -71.3 to -77.6‰ for δD. The interpretation of obtained δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD values represents the main role of meteoric waters in reservoir fluids of Moil Valley geothermal field. Magmatic waters show negligible share of the reservoir fluids.      </p><p>The Tritium analyses for the studied samples show 0.1 to 41.7 TU amounts. The evaluation of obtained Tritium contents reveals the circulation of young waters inside the reservoir and considering to the δD/δ<sup>18</sup>O ratios, it is most likely that the recharge zones of the reservoir are situated in close distance and there are evidences of mixing with meteoric waters.</p>

scholarly journals Reservoir Temperature Estimation By Using Geothermometry (Case Study on Geothermal Field Jaboi, Sabang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Eliyani Eliyani ◽  
Muhammad Isa ◽  
Khairi Khairi ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Geochemical Studies

Gunung api Leumo Matee dan Seumeuregoh, Jaboi Sabang memiliki potensi energi panas bumi sangat besar. Hal ini ditandai dengan adanya manifestasi yang muncul di permukaan seperti uap panas, fumarol dan sumber air panas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih dalam dan menyeluruh untuk mendapatkan informasi yang detail, terutama parameter suhu dan karakteristik batuan/mineral. Sebuah penelitian telah dilakukan untuk kajian geokimia terutama analisis kimia fluida panas bumi. Pendekatan untuk menentukan karakteristik fluida kimia panas bumi dilakukan dengan metode geotermometer untuk mengukur kandungan air (SiO2) dan gas (Na-K) serta konsentrasi anion dan kation. Berdasarkan data pengamatan lapangan dan hasil uji laboratorium yang sudah terstandarisasi menunjukkan bahwa suhu bawah permukaan untuk fluida cair adalah 228oC dan untuk gas sebesar 220oC. Hasil pengujian sampel fluida panas bumi menunjukkan bahwa manifestasi panas bumi Kawah I dan Kawah IV daerah Jaboi, Sabang sangat prospek untuk dikembangkan. Informasi fluida ini menjadi salah satu parameter dalam pengembangan potensi panas bumi. Oleh karena itu sangat penting ditindaklanjuti karena dapat menjawab kebutuhan energi yang ramah lingkungan dan energi terbarukan.  The Volcano Leumo Matee and Seumeuregoh, Jaboi Sabang have enormous geothermal energy potential. This is characterized by the presence of surface manifestations such as hot steam, fumaroles and hot springs. Therefore, it needs to be studied more deeply and thoroughly to obtain detailed information, especially the temperature and rock/mineral characteristics. A study has been carried out for geochemical studies, especially chemical analysis of geothermal fluids. The approach to determine the characteristics of the geothermal chemical fluid is carried out by geothermometry to measure the water content (SiO2) and gas (Na-K) as well as the concentration of anions and cations. Based on field observations and standardized laboratory tests, the subsurface temperature for liquid fluids is 228oC and for gases of 220oC. The results of testing geothermal fluid samples show that the geothermal manifestations of Kawah I and Kawah IV Jaboi, Sabang are very prospects to be developed. This fluid information is one of the parameters in developing geothermal potential. Therefore, it is very important to follow up because it can answer the needs of environmentally friendly energy and renewable energy. Keywords: Volcano, Geothrmometry, jaboi, Sabang, Temperature

scholarly journals Seed Set Patterns in East African Highland Cooking Bananas Are Dependent on Weather before, during and after Pollination

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Allan Waniale ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Settumba B. Mukasa ◽  
Arthur K. Tugume ◽  
Jerome Kubiriba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
East African ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Wild Banana

Seed set in banana is influenced by weather, yet the key weather attributes and the critical period of influence are unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of weather during floral development for a better perspective of seed set increase. Three East African highland cooking bananas (EAHBs) were pollinated with pollen fertile wild banana ‘Calcutta 4′. At full maturity, bunches were harvested, ripened, and seeds extracted from fruit pulp. Pearson’s correlation analysis was then conducted between seed set per 100 fruits per bunch and weather attributes at 15-day intervals from 105 days before pollination (DBP) to 120 days after pollination (DAP). Seed set was positively correlated with average temperature (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = 0.196–0.487) and negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH) (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = −0.158–−0.438) between 75 DBP and the time of pollination. After pollination, average temperature was negatively correlated with seed set in ‘Mshale’ and ‘Nshonowa’ from 45 to 120 DAP (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = −0.213–−0.340). Correlation coefficients were highest at 15 DBP for ‘Mshale’ and ‘Nshonowa’, whereas for ‘Enzirabahima’, the highest were at the time of pollination. Maximum temperature as revealed by principal component analysis at the time of pollination should be the main focus for seed set increase.

scholarly journals Geochemical Modeling of Scale Formation due to Cooling and CO2-degassing in San Kamphaeng Geothermal Field, Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthipong Taweelarp ◽  
Supanut Suntikoon ◽  
Thaned Rojsiraphisal ◽  
Nattapol Ploymaklam ◽  
Schradh Saenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Scaling Potential ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Scaling in a geothermal piping system can cause serious problems by reducing flow rates and energy efficiency. In this work, scaling potential of San Kamphaeng (SK) geothermal energy, Northern Thailand was assessed based on geochemical model simulation using physical and chemical properties of hot spring water. Water samples from surface seepage and groundwater wells, analyzed by ICP-OES and ion chromatograph methods for chemical constituents, were dominated by Ca-HCO3 facies having partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10–2.67 to 10–1.75 atm which is higher than ambient atmospheric CO2 content. Surface seepage samples have lower temperature (60.9°C) than deep groundwater (83.1°C) and reservoir (127.1°C, based on silica geothermometry). Geochemical characteristics of the hot spring water indicated significant difference in chemical properties between surface seepage and deep, hot groundwater as a result of mineral precipitation along the flow paths and inside well casing. Scales were mainly composed of carbonates, silica, Fe-Mn oxides. Geochemical simulations based on multiple chemical reaction equilibria in PHREEQC were performed to confirm scale formation from cooling and CO2-degassing processes. Simulation results showed total cumulative scaling potential (maximum possible precipitation) from 267-m deep well was estimated as 582.2 mg/L, but only 50.4% of scaling potential actually took place at SK hot springs. In addition, maximum possible carbon dioxide outflux to atmosphere from degassing process in SK geothermal field, estimated from the degassing process, was 6,960 ton/year indicating a continuous source of greenhouse gas that may contribute to climate change. Keywords: Degassing, Geochemical modeling, PHREEQC, San Kamphaeng Hot Springs, Scaling

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONDISI RESERVOIR PANAS BUMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA GEOKIMIA DAN MONITORING PRODUKSI SUMUR ELS-02 LAPANGAN ELSA

PETRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nabilla Elsaphira Putri ◽  
Onnie Ridaliani ◽  
Widia Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
Concentration Changes

<p><em>A</em><em> good reservoir management is needed </em><em>to maintain</em><em> the </em><em>availability and </em><em>quality of geothermal production fluid. When producing geothermal fluids, there are some changes in reservoir parameters such as declining of reservoir pressure and temperature, chemical composition of geothermal fluids, </em><em>and </em><em>states of fluid that would affect the quality of reservoir by mixing, boiling, or cooling processes that may be happened </em><em>because of</em><em> those changes. </em><em>It is</em><em> becoming a concern on reservoir management. In this case, chemical </em><em>concentrations </em><em>of fluid</em><em>s</em><em> monitoring is one of methods that can perform to reach a well reservoir management of geothermal field. With </em><em>chemical </em><em>monitoring process, current reservoir condition and processes </em><em>that </em><em>occurred during exploitation can be defined</em><em>. In ELS-02 by monitoring and analyzing its enthalpy changes, chloride concentration changes, and NCG concentration changes and supported by its calcium, sulphate, and carbonate concentration profile, two processes could be defined:</em><em> </em><em>mixing with </em><em>surface </em><em>cooler water and reinjection breakthrough.</em><em> </em><em>Other than that, casing leak that causing surface water enter the well could be detected.  </em><em>These become a sign to reservoir engineer to prepare for problems that may occur in near time </em><em>term </em><em>relating to well problem </em><em>such as scaling </em><em>and long time problem like massive cooling or drying of reservoir. After all, further development scenario of Elsa field can be made to improve its performance in producing fluids and heats. </em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Volatiles From Southeast China and Their Implications on the Tectonic Structure Controlling Heat Convection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Tian ◽  
Yiman Li ◽  
Xiaocheng Zhou ◽  
Zhonghe Pang ◽  
Liwu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Geothermal Area ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Geothermal Fluids

Hot springs and igneous rocks are present widely in southeast China, influenced by the subduction of the Western Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates. This study reports on new data of chemical compositions and He–Ne–C isotopes for gas samples from representative hot springs and wells in the Guangdong and Fujian provinces to identify the origin of hydrothermal volatiles and provide insight into geothermal tectonic affinities. The primary hydrothermal volatile component from southeast China is atmospheric N2, with a volumetric percentage of 82.19%–98.29%. It indicates medium-low temperature geothermal systems where geothermal fluids suffered a shallow circulation in closed fracture systems. Low CO2 and CH4 contents and their depleted δ13C values confirmed the small number of deep-derived components in the study area. However, spatially discernible geochemical characteristics imply enhanced hydrothermal fluid convection in the adjacent area of the two provinces, including the Fengshun, Zhangzhou, Longyan, and Sanming geothermal fields. Specifically, the He–Ne isotopes from this area exhibit mantle He contribution of more than 10% and mantle heat flow accounts for more than half of the total heat flow. Moreover, according to the thermal background calculations, the highest heat flow value of 77.7 mW/m2 is indicated for the Zhangzhou geothermal area and the lowest value of 54.7 mW/m2 is indicated for the Maoming geothermal area. Given the epicenter distributions and the corresponding earthquake magnitudes, the NE-trending faults are heat-control tectonic structures and their intersections with the NW-trending faults provided expedite channels for geothermal fluids rising to the surface. Therefore, the preferred development potential of geothermal resources can be expected in the adjacent area of the two provinces where two sets of active faults crossed. This study provides critical information on understanding the geothermal distribution controlled by the tectonic structure in southeast China.

scholarly journals Geochemical response of deep geothermal processes in the Litang region, Western Sichuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Linxiao Xing ◽  
Tingxin Li ◽  
Jiayi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Positive Correlations

The geochemical characteristics of geothermically heated water can reveal deep geothermal processes, leading to a better understanding of geothermal system genesis and providing guidance for improved development and utilization of such resources. Hydrochemical and hydrogen oxygen isotope analysis of two geothermal field (district) hot springs based on regional geothermal conditions revealed that the thermal water in the Litang region is primarily of the HCO3Na type. The positive correlations found between F−, Li2+, As+, and Cl− indicated a common origin, and the relatively high Na+ and metaboric acid concentrations suggested a relatively long groundwater recharge time and a slow flow rate. The values of δD and δ18O were well distributed along the local meteoric line, indicating a groundwater recharge essentially driven by precipitation. The thermal reservoir temperature (152°C–195°C) and thermal cycle depth (3156–4070 m) were calculated, and the cold water mixing ratio (60%–68%) was obtained using the silica-enthalpy model. Finally, hydrogeochemical pathway simulation was used to analyze the evolution of geothermal water in the region. The results were further supported by the high metasilicate content in the region. Of the geothermal fields in the region, it was found that the Kahui is primarily affected by albite, calcite precipitation, and silicate, while the Gezha field is primarily affected by calcite dissolution, dolomite precipitation, and silicate.

scholarly journals The determination of potential ammonification in soil by arginine method

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
V. Licina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Arginine Ammonification ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Properties Of Soil

In this paper investigations were carried out on two soil types (vertisol and brown forest soil) with different doses of applied N-fertilizer: diameter, N60 N90; N120 and N250. The potential ammonification in soil was obtained by arginine method. The following properties of soil were determined: pH value organic C, available NH4-N and mobile-Al. The pH value in vertisol was 3.75-4.07; mobile-Al was 0.67-4.90 mg/100g; % organic C 1.38-1.46 and the content of available nitrogen was 4.4-11.2 ppm. The amount of released NH4-N by arginine ammonification in this soil type was very low [(-0.12)-0.27mg/g-1h-1]. Correlation coefficients between released NH4-N from arginine and soil pH were (-0.96*), mobile Al - (-0.99**), applied fertilizer doses - (-0.95*). In brown forest soil the amount of released NH4-N by arginine ammonification was greater than in vertisol, ranging from 3.16 to 7.11mg/g-1h-1. Correlation coefficients between soil properties and released NH4-N from arginine were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Changes in the hydrochemical regime of Onegо Lake since the early 1990s

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Kalinkina ◽  
E. V. Tekanova ◽  
A. V. Sabylina ◽  
A. V. Ryzhakov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Allochthonous Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
First Time ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

The supply of allochthonous organic matter with river water to the lakes rises in the new climatic conditions of Karelia (mild winters, an increase in the amount of liquid precipitation, less freezing of the soil). In connection with the geochemical peculiarities of Fennoscandia, more quantity of humic substances in a complex with iron and phosphorus enter the water bodies. These processes can lead to a change in the hydrochemical regime, water quality and habitat of the biota. For the first time for lakes of Karelia, long-term changes (1963–2017) of parameters, which are markers of allochthonous organic matter, were estimated on the example of Petrozavodsk Bay of Onego Lake. It was found that since the 1990s, the following characteristics significantly increase in Petrozavodsk Bay water: the color of water (from 56 to 73 degrees), the content of suspended matter (from 1.6 to 3 mg/l), iron (from 0.12 to 0.42 mg/l), phosphorus (from 12 to 22 μg/l). This leads to changes in the carbonate system of the bay water. The concentration of carbon dioxide increases significantly (from 1.2 to 3.0 mg/l), the pH value drops (from 7.22 to 7.12) and the oxygen content diminishes (from 101 to 92% of saturation). The Spearman correlation coefficients between the chemical characteristics and the year of study were the highest for the spring period, when the bay is separated from the open part of the lake by thermal bar and is strongly influenced by river water. Simultaneously with the change in the hydrochemical regime, there is an increase in the amount of iron in the upper layer of silts (from 0.65 to 4.8% of the air-dry sample). This led to a decrease in the number of macrozoobenthos 6–7 times.

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