Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability and Risk of hydro-carbon Contamination in a Semi-Arid Region

Large Scale ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Semi Arid

Groundwater is a scarce yet vital resource in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. where it serves as water supply for a majority of the population. The quality of this resource is depreciating, however due to pollution levels reaching intolerable limits as a result of unplanned urbanization and industrialization. In this study, the capabilities of two commonly used groundwater vulnerability models, DRASTIC and GOD, are assessed for correctly classifying the risk of hydrocarbon pollution within the city of Kano, located in semi-arid northern Nigeria. Most existing groundwater vulnerability assessment tools have been developed for use in Europe and North America under generally humid conditions; conversely, vulnerability assessment of groundwater in arid and semi-arid is much less developed. &#160;Combined analysis of large-scale existing data sources on hydro-meteorological, environmental and anthropogenic factors will be used to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater resources in Kano, a city of ~4 million people within 137 square kilometres. &#160;In this study, the two models (DRASTIC and GOD) are assessed based on data provided by Nigerian water resources administrations and obtained via field monitoring to detect areas that are vulnerable to groundwater contamination based on the hydrogeological structure and local sources of hydrocarbon contamination. Several groundwater contamination sources have been identified such as automobile shops, household dumpsites, and petrol dispensing stations.Mapping of environmental factors was conducted within the framework of Geographical information systems (GIS), and &#160;preliminary results show a range of very high to moderate vulnerability classes exist within the build-up areas of Kano. A sensitivity evaluation of the various parameters required for each of these models has also been performed to identify the controlling parameters within this semi-arid environment. Building on these results, the next phase of this research will focus on development of a modified vulnerability model based on these identified controlling parameters and model validation using field observations.

Geographical Information System Based Sensitivity Analysis Accurately Predicts Hydrocarbons Contamination Using Drastic Index and Multicriteria Analysis

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15879 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zaharatu Babika ◽

Thomas Kjeldsen

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Geographical Information System ◽

Vadose Zone ◽

Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment

Drastic Model ◽

Drastic Index ◽

Among the numerous groundwater vulnerability assessment methodologies, the geographical information system-based DRASTIC model is the most widely used and have been found to achieve reliable results even in complex areas. However, hydrocarbon contamination cause by Anthropogenic activities has not previously being considered within these groundwater vulnerability assessment model. &#160;This study proposes a new flexible approach for optimizing the identification of input data layers that can help identify vulnerability to hydrocarbon contamination through the principles of sensitivity analysis.The single-parameter (SA ) and map removal analysis(MA)&#160; was employed to obtain effective weights for the&#160; modified model, which were then implemented to improve efficacy Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques are part of a decision-making process for assigning weights of significance to each input layer to the DRASTIC model. The application is illustrated through a case study focussing on the city of Kano located in Northern Nigeria within west Africa .DRASTIC index model have seven paramters ,Depth of water table,net reharge ,Aquifer media ,soil media, Topography ,impact of vadose zone and hydrlauic conductivty.&#160; The most sensitive parameters are depth of water (22.92%), net recharge, (25.98), impact of Vadose zone (27.07%),&#160; The borehole data includes groundwater samples that were analysed for benzene, ethylbenzene and xylene (Betex) components of crude oil. &#160;Accordingly, the results presented the highest hydrocarbon content (51.66477mg/l) in Dala (western Kano) due to the significantly high number of hydrocarbon sources such as under-storage tanks within the petroleum stations and automobile garages.

A GIS-based Modified DRASTIC (ANP) method for assessment of groundwater vulnerability: a case study of Nagpur city, India

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2017.046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 121-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sahajpreet Kaur Garewal ◽

Avinash D. Vasudeo ◽

Vishrut S. Landge ◽

Aniruddha D. Ghare

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Network Process ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Modified Drastic ◽

Gis Environment ◽

Sensitive Parameters ◽

Vulnerable Zones

Quality of groundwater is as important as quantity. For effective planning and management of groundwater resources, groundwater vulnerability assessment is most significant. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the groundwater vulnerable zones of Nagpur city, using Modified DRASTIC methods within a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. DRASTIC method has been modified using land use/land cover parameter; weight of the parameters was modified using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP). Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to consider the most sensitive parameters. A new approach ANP was applied on DRASTIC for the first time to modify the weight of the parameters. Groundwater vulnerable zones obtained from the DRASTIC, Modified DRASTIC, Modified DRASTIC AHP and Modified DRASTIC ANP were compared and validated using field data of nitrate concentration. Results obtained from the Modified DRASTIC ANP are found to be well correlated with the nitrate concentration of the city and it is appropriate for assessment of groundwater vulnerable zones of Nagpur city. From this study it was found that the necessary remedial measures should be taken in the highly vulnerable zones of Nagpur city for further prevention of groundwater pollution.

Research on GIS-Based Groundwater Pollution Vulnerability Assessment in Chengting New District, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2762 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2762-2765

Author(s):

Li Ping Bai ◽

Bin Gong ◽

Xiao Li Gan ◽

Yun Luo

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Pollution ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Risk Level ◽

Planning And Construction ◽

Gis Software ◽

Lower Capacity

Groundwater is an important component of water resources. Compared with surface water, groundwater has slower flow rate and lower capacity of diluting and self-purification. It is difficult to treat the groundwater pollution. Therefore, it is important to protect the groundwater from being polluted for planning and management of groundwater resources. It is considered as an effective method for decision makers and administrators to identify the high risk level of groundwater pollution through groundwater pollution vulnerability assessment. In this study, the most widely used DRASTIC model and GIS software were used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of Chengting new district in Shijiazhuang, china. The groundwater vulnerability grades of the study area were divided by the model. The research results could provide scientific basis for the new district planning and construction.

Identification of Potential Groundwater Recharge Sites in a Semi-arid Region of Pakistan Using Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.7494/geom.2022.16.1.53 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 53-70

Author(s):

Muhammad Suliman ◽

Samiullah Samiullah ◽

Muhammad Ali

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Groundwater Potential ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Groundwater is a precious source of fresh water and a major component of the entire water supply. Both water quality and quantity could be satisfied by evaluating the groundwater potential sites (GWPS). This paper analyzes the ground-water potentials in a semi-arid region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It describes a standard methodology to identify and map GWPS using integrated Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) methods. Eight parameters including elevation, slope, drainage density, lineaments density, soil, geology, land use/land cover and rainfall were integrated to explore areas with groundwater holding capability. GWPS were delineated through subjective weights assigned after coupling various thematic layers using Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The modelled GWPS were cross-checked with tube wells data. The result indicates that the central part of the study area has good potential for groundwater reserves/exploitation, where the factors i.e. moderate to high drainage density, sedimentary sequence of alluvial plain, low elevation etc. discern the central portion of the study area as a suitable site for groundwater. This study suggests that the applied method proves to be very significant and reliable tool for timely assessment of quality assured evaluation of groundwater resources. This study could be a systematic guide for future investigations for water related explorations, especially in semi-arid environments.

Modified Index-Overlay Method to Assess Spatial–Temporal Variations of Groundwater Vulnerability and Groundwater Contamination Risk in Areas with Variable Activities of Agriculture Developments

Water ◽

10.3390/w11122492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2492 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tien-Duc Vu ◽

Chuen-Fa Ni ◽

Wei-Ci Li ◽

Minh-Hoang Truong

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Groundwater Contamination ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Contamination Risk ◽

Groundwater Basin

The groundwater vulnerability (GV) assessment for contamination is an effective technique for the planning, policy, and decision-making, as well as for sustainable groundwater resource protection and management. The GV depends strongly on local hydrogeological settings and land-use conditions that may vary in response to the activities of agricultural development. In this study, a modified DRASTIC model, which employs an additional factor of land use coupled with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) theory, was used to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of GV and groundwater contamination risk in the Pingtung groundwater basin. The results show that the GV slightly decreased due to the decrease in agricultural areas under the change of land use over two decades (1995–2017). The yearly changes or a shorter period of observations incorporated with the accurate land-use map in DRASTIC parameters could improve GV maps to obtain a better representation of site-specific conditions. Meanwhile, the maps of yearly contamination risk indicated that the counties of Jiuru and Ligang are at high risk of nitrate pollution since 2016. In other agriculture-dominated regions such as Yanpu, Changzhi, and Gaoshu in the Pingtung groundwater basin, the climate conditions influence less the temporal variations of groundwater contamination risk. The results of this study are expected to support policy-makers to adopt the strategies of sustainable development for groundwater resources in local areas.

DRASTICAI, a New Index for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment—A Portuguese Case Study

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11060228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Teresa Albuquerque ◽

Natália Roque ◽

Joana Rodrigues ◽

Margarida Antunes ◽

Catarina Silva

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Groundwater Abstraction ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Vulnerability Maps

Groundwater vulnerability assessment has become a useful tool for groundwater pollution prevention. Groundwater vulnerability maps provide useful data for protecting groundwater resources. Identification of agricultural patterns is an important issue for optimized land management. The watershed of the Tagus River is the backbone of this study. Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark, in the central interior of Portugal, corresponds to a rural area. Intensive agricultural practices showed an increasing trend in the last decades. The method that is most used internationally to assess vulnerability is the DRASTIC index. In this study, the DRASTICAI index is introduced. A new attribute—anthropogenic influence—is added here. Five levels of increasing vulnerability, from low to high, can be recognized here. The municipality of Idanha-a-Nova is most affected by intensive agricultural activities, showing spatial patterns of DRASTICAI with a clear influence of anthropogenic activities, with high needs for groundwater abstraction. A robust assessment of groundwater quality has a key role. Climate change scenarios and water scarcity are important issues in the coming years, and particularly in the studied area. Therefore, optimized groundwater management is essential to consider in policy-making strategies.

DRASTICAI, a New Index for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment – A Portuguese Case Study

10.20944/preprints202103.0762.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Albuquerque ◽

Natália Roque ◽

Joana Rodrigues ◽

Margarida Antunes ◽

Catarina Silva

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Resources ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Intensive Farming ◽

Tagus River ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Vulnerability Maps ◽

To Come

Groundwater vulnerability assessment has become a useful tool for groundwater pollution pre-vention. Groundwater vulnerability maps provide useful data to protect groundwater resources. The identification of agricultural patterns is an important issue for optimized land management. The Tagus river watershed is the backbone of this survey. Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark, in central inland Portugal, corresponds to a rural territory. Intensive agricultural practices showed a rising tendency in the last decades. The most internationally used method for vulnerability evaluation is the DRASTIC index. In this survey, the DRASTICAI index is introduced. A new at-tribute - Anthropogenic Influence - is here added. Five levels of growing vulnerability, from low to high, can be here acknowledged. Idanha-a-Nova municipality is the most affected by intensive farming activities. A robust assessment of groundwater quality has a key role. Climate change scenarios and water scarcity are important issues in years to come. Therefore, optimized groundwater management is essential to consider in policy-making strategies.

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment of the Tarkwa Mining Area Using SINTACS Approach and GIS

Ghana Mining Journal ◽

10.4314/gm.v17i1.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 18-30

Author(s):

A. Ewusi ◽

I. Ahenkorah ◽

J. S. Y. Kuma

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Mining Area ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment

Model Parameters ◽

Groundwater vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are susceptible to contamination from mining and anthropogenic activities has become an important element for resource management and landuse planning. In view of the extensive mining in the Tarkwa area, quality of groundwater has become an important issue. This study estimates aquifer vulnerability by applying the SINTACS model which uses seven environmental parameters to evaluate aquifer vulnerability and geographical information system (GIS) in the Tarkwa mining area. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to evaluate the relative importance of the model parameters for aquifer vulnerability. The SINTACS model results show that the intrusive rocks within the Tarkwaian and the Birimian rocks are dominated by very high vulnerability classes while the Banket Series is characterised by high vulnerability class. The Huni Sandstones have moderately high vulnerability. In addition, the Kawere Group and the Tarkwa Phyllites displayed medium vulnerability. Analysis from the variogram model shows that all parameters used in the SINTACS model have a strong spatial structure. From statistical analysis, depth to water parameter inflicted the highest impact on the vulnerability of the aquifer followed by effective infiltration, vadose zone media, soil media, aquifer media, topography and hydraulic conductivity in the order of decreasing impact. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the aquifer media, hydraulic characteristics and topography cause large variation in vulnerability index. Depth to water and effective infiltration were found to be more effective in assessing aquifer vulnerability. Keywords: Groundwater, Vulnerability, Tarkwa, SINTACS, GIS

A new approach to the fight against desertification in Inner Mongolia

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892907003864 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 95-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

GANG LI ◽

GAOMING JIANG ◽

YONGGENG LI ◽

MEIZHEN LIU ◽

YU PENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Source Control ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Land Restoration ◽

Semi Arid

The world's arid and semi-arid regions are severely affected by desertification. In China, wind erosion, water erosion, soil salinization and the freezing and melting processes have contributed to 2.64 million km2 of desertified land, covering 27.5% of the country's land surface (State Forestry Administration, Peoples' Republic of China 2005). Although climate change could be a reason for desertification, anthropogenic factors such as overgrazing and overcultivation also contribute to degradation in grassland areas (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005; Zheng et al. 2006). The Chinese government has adopted afforestation as the main measure to control desertification. Major projects, including the ‘Three North Shelterbelt Programme’ (also known as the ‘Green Great Wall’) and the ‘Sandstorm Source Control Project around Beijing and Tianjin’, are necessary to shield northern and eastern agricultural ecosystems against sand and dust (Zhou 2002). However, these countermeasures require substantial effort and investment, and, in the semi-arid and arid regions of Inner Mongolia, newly planted trees have often died of drought, while tree planting could also be responsible for exhausting the precious groundwater resources of these regions (Jackson et al. 2005). Alternative and more practical ways of combating desertification by using multi-disciplinary approaches observing both social and ecological principles are required. The Hunshandake Sandy Land restoration demonstration project conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences was an attempt to restore desertified grassland mainly through natural processes, and requiring limited investment.

Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard by Nitrate in Samas Area, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Journal of Applied Geology ◽

10.22146/jag.30256 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thilavanh Souvannachith ◽

Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽

Heru Hendrayana

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Contamination ◽

Water Samples ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Nitrate Contamination ◽

High Class ◽

Settlement Area ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Potential Map

Groundwater resource is an essential for various purposes in Bantul district, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, especially on Poncosari village where the water supply are depending on shallow groundwater resources. On this village, most of the houses using dug wells to provide their water needs and applying inappropriate on-site sanitation system, however there are also difference land uses. This condition increase the hazard of groundwater contamination by fecal coli bacteria and nitrate. Therefore, this research aims in term of three main objectives: ﬁrstly, to know the level of nitrate concentration in groundwater, secondly, to assess groundwater vulnerability and thirdly, to assess the level of groundwater contaminant hazard. Hydrogeology observation was conducted and 47 water samples (44 groundwater samples and 3 surface water samples) were collected from different land use type and analyze for nitrate (NO 3) content. Methodology used to assess the groundwater vulnerability was Simple Vertical Vulnerability method and the groundwater contamination hazard built based on the combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map. Results show that groundwater concentrations of nitrate range from 0.09–74.80 mg/L and the highest concentration found in the settlement area. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability reveals three areas of moderate, moderate high and high classes of vulnerability due to shallow groundwater and the sandy dominated overlying material in the study area. Combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map indicated that groundwater contaminant hazard of nitrate range from low to high class. High class of hazard located in the settlement area, and low hazard of nitrate contamination found in the irrigated rice ﬁeld area