MOMPA Project: interregional DInSAR monitoring and action protocol in the Eastern Pyrenees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barra ◽  
Jordi Marturià ◽  
Ramon Copons ◽  
Muriel Gasc ◽  
Ivan Fabregat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Free Data ◽  
First Results

<p>The MOMPA project (MOnitorización de Movimientos del terreno y Protocolo de Actuación - MOnitoring of ground Movements and Action Protocol) has been 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. The study area of the project is in the Eastern Pyrenees, covering the whole Principality of Andorra, the Spanish areas of Alt Urgell and Cerdanya (Catalonia) and the French areas of Cerdanya-Capcir and Conflent (Occitanie). The aim of the Project is to provide a useful technical-operational tool for risk prevention and management, at a cross-border level, based on satellite DInSAR technique monitoring of ground movements. The tool includes two main elements: the assessment of the risk associated with active phenomena that affect structures and infrastructures; and the integration of the technique in an action protocol for Civil Protections. The results will be transferred to Civil Protections (associated partners of the project) and other organizations, such as local and regional Public Authorities.</p><p>The study area presents one main critical issue: it is not an easy area for what concerns the radar response. This means that the obtainable results in terms of displacement map (velocity map and time series of deformation), which is the main input of the project, can be strongly limited. A second issue is the variability of the available data (e.g. landslide inventory, geology, DEM) between Andorra, Spain, and France. In General, landslides inventories are not complete or exhaustive and do not cover areas far from human structures.</p><p>The project will face the risk assessment starting from the interregional scale displacement map (covering around 15,000 km<sup>2</sup>) and the extracted Active Deformation Areas (ADA), as inputs to then select movements with potential risk where focus the analysis at a local scale, based on traditional method (basically photointerpretation and field work). Both the medium-resolution, free data, acquired by Sentinel-1 and the high-resolution data acquired by COSMO-SkyMed will be used, the results will be compared and evaluated.</p><p>Moreover, the project focuses his attention on the specific case of “la Portalada” (in Andorra). This is a huge landslide that occurred on August 2019. Today, there is a slow movement up slope that could affect a main road located in the bottom of the valley . Because of the high interest for the local authorities to monitor and characterize the current movement of the slope located upper to the landslide scar eight passive and one active corner reflectors have been installed along the steep forested slope. The data obtained will be integrated in the prevention risk protocol.</p><p>The project started the 1<sup>st</sup> of December 2019 and will finish in May 2022.  The aim of this work is to present the project and the first results achieved through satellite interferometry.</p>

Semi-automated assessment of geological phenomena of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by radar interferometry in Alt Urgell and Cerdanya, Catalonia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Fabregat ◽  
Jaume Casanovas ◽  
Jordi Marturià ◽  
Pere Buxó ◽  
Anna Barra
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Geological Phenomenon

<p>Geological hazards related to ground movements are difficult to assess at a regional scale due the lack of detailed information on the occurrence of the phenomena and the large number of potential vulnerable elements in the territory. Therefore, progress in analyzes at the regional scale can be a very useful tool for risk management.</p><p>This work, developed in the Alt Urgell and La Cerdanya counties (Catalunya, NE Spain) has served as the basis for the geological risk identification associated with ground movements. The methodology is based on the use of the Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by medium resolution radar satellite interferometry (Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B). The goal is to obtain a quick and semi-automatically classification of the ADAs according to the probable geological phenomena origin (landslides, rockfalls and subsidence).</p><p>This ADA classification is based on current data (DTM and geology) and easy to implement with GIS, takes in account: (i), landslide inventories, to allow the direct validation of the geological phenomenon; (ii) geology -information of the geological units type-; (iii) slope terrain -morphology-, determines the classification of the movement cause, depending on the slope, they are more or less prone to the generation of geological phenomena (e.g. slopes <35º: landslides); and (iv) land uses, determines the potential impact on vulnerable areas (e.g. high, in urbanized areas; low, in natural environments). This methodology provides an ADA first geological susceptibility categorization that allows optimizing and prioritizing efforts in detailed geological and geomorphological characterization works.</p><p>The clustering of scattering points gave a result of 361 ADA (over an area of around 2,000 km<sup>2</sup>), 145 was classified as potentially generated by a geological phenomenon (126 susceptible to landslides, 7 as rockfalls, 7 as subsidence and 5 as landslides or rockfalls) and 215 were classified as other causes.</p><p>Ideally, validation is based on contrasting the ADA with actual inventory data. However, the lack of complete and exhaustive inventories require validation based on classic methods such as photointerpretation and field work. All areas were checked by means of geomorphological analysis to ensure their susceptibility: 143 has identified as caused by geological phenomena, 153 has related with geological depositional process (rocky ground) and 65 has discarded.</p><p>This work has been supported by the European Commission under the Interreg V-A-POCTEFA programme (grant no. Mompa – EFA295/19).</p>

scholarly journals Automating the Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas—A Sentinel-Based Toolset

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José A. Navarro ◽  
María Cuevas ◽  
Roberto Tomás ◽  
Anna Barra ◽  
Michele Crosetto
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
New Applications

The H2020 MOMIT project (Multi-scale Observation and Monitoring of railway Infrastructure Threats, http://www.momit-project.eu/) is focused on showing how remote sensing data and techniques may help to monitor railway infrastructures. One of the hazards monitored are the ground movements nearby such infrastructures. Two methodologies targeted at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) and the later classification of these using Persistent Scatterers (PS) derived from Sentinel-1 imagery had been developed prior to the start of MOMIT. Although the validity of these procedures had already been validated, no actual tools automating their execution existed—these were applied manually using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Such a manual process was slow and error-prone due to human intervention. This work presents two new applications, developed in the context of the MOMIT project, automating the aforementioned methodologies: ADAfinder and ADAclassifier. Their goal was (1) to reduce the possibility of human errors to a minimum and (2) to increase the performance/reduce the time needed to obtain results, thus allowing more room for experimentation.

scholarly journals Addressing hospitalisations with non-error-free data by generalised SEIR modelling of COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Mendes ◽  
Pedro S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Hospital Capacity ◽  
New Information ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Epidemic Response

AbstractSuccessive generalisations of the basic SEIR model have been proposed to accommodate the different needs of the organisations handling the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. These generalisations have not been able until today to represent the potential of the epidemic to overwhelm hospital capacity until today. This work builds on previous generalisations, including a new compartment for hospital occupancy that allows accounting for the infected patients that need specialised medical attention. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the hospitalisations rate and probability as well as of the recovery rates for hospitalised and non-hospitalised individuals is achieved, offering new information and predictions of crucial importance for the planning of the health systems and global epidemic response. Additionally, a new methodology to calibrate epidemic flows between compartments is proposed. We conclude that the two-step calibration procedure is able to recalibrate non-error-free data and showed crucial to reconstruct the series in a specific situation characterised by significant errors over the official recovery cases. The performed modelling also allowed us to understand how effective the several interventions (lockdown or other mobility restriction measures) were, offering insight for helping public authorities to set the timing and intensity of the measures in order to avoid the implosion of the health systems.

The Effect of Functional Spacers on the Liquid Film Thickness and Dryout in a BWR Fuel Bundle Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bolesch ◽  
Lukas Robers ◽  
Robert Zboray ◽  
Horst-Michael Prasser
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Liquid Film Thickness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Fuel Bundle ◽  
First Results ◽  
Key Aspects

For the BWRs, the dryout margin is one of the core design limitation factors. Today’s industry standard is to use a large margin to dryout and functional spacer grids with vanes to enhance the heat transfer and to reduce the fraction of entrained droplets. Difficulties for precise measurements under reactor conditions lead to a lack of knowledge on the exact effects of the spacers on the flow and suggest the use of scaled experiments. For this experiment, the goal is to provide high-resolution data for CFD code validation as well as visualizing the effects of functional spacers and the liquid film and potentially the dryout front. The Dryout Tomography Experiment (DoToX) facility at ETH Zürich is a closed loop experiment for two-phase flow investigations in a fuel bundle model using a modelling fluid. Key aspects are a single undisturbed subchannel and the surrounding four heating rods containing a liquid heating system. This setup allows for a steady state dryout without endangering the structural integrity of the facility and for the 3D reconstruction of the time averaged void distribution within the flow channel by means of an X-Ray and cold neutron Computer Tomography (CT). In this study we pay special attention to the annular flow in the upper half of the sub channel. We investigate the first results delivered by the facility. Prototypical spacer designs available in the open literature were used. We present the Liquid Film Thickness (LFT) distributions on the walls of the heating rods. Improvements towards the dryout performance as well as drawbacks of the specified spacer design are highlighted.

scholarly journals X-Band Radar for Cetacean Detection (Focus on Tursiops truncatus) and Preliminary Analysis of Their Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Matteo Mingozzi ◽  
Francesca Salvioli ◽  
Francesco Serafino
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
X Band ◽  
First Results ◽  
Data Deficient

Cetaceans are protected species all over the world, most of them are vulnerable, endangered, or data deficient (according to International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN red list). X-band radars detect the echo of the electromagnetic signal reflected by an obstacle or a ship (target). The application of X-band radar to the detection of cetaceans is a new and innovative field of research that could improve the automation of marine mammal data collection, and this is the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work was to test the capability of X-band radar installed along the coast (ground-based) to detect and track cetaceans in a range of approximately 2.5 nautical miles from the radar antenna. Data collection included a part of field work, implemented through the acquisition of photographic images and target’s radar detection (by the panoramic terrace Santa Maria in Corniglia), and a part, performed in the laboratory, of data analysis. The work was undertaken between May and November 2018. During this period, 30 days of monitoring were carried out (about 300 h) and about 10,000 radar images were recorded. The first results showed that we were able to recognize the target “cetacean” from the other common targets (boats, buoys, etc.) detected by the radar. In particular 70 dolphins were sighted by visual census; 12 of them were recognized on radar images. Radar images allowed extraction of dolphin dive time (between 2 and 15 s). The next step will be to allow the radar to identify the presence of marine mammals itself since it also works at night and with low visibility. This technique could complement the protection measures of cetaceans, highlighting their presence at sea even if it is impossible with waves higher than 0.8 m and over distances greater than 2.5 km.

Organisation Risk Management in UK Police Authorities: An Integrated Management Approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Peter C. Young ◽  
Martin Fone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Employment Risk

Risk management is evolving into a broader, more general, management role in organisations. This emerging form, called organisation risk management (ORM), seeks to manage all organisation risks in an integrated, comprehensive and strategic manner. The public sector has been somewhat slow to adopt both this view and practice, but changing political, social and economic pressures are forcing public authorities to provide better services with increasingly limited resources; and these pressures, in turn, are heightening the awareness of the value in managing the cost of risk. This paper introduces and develops the ORM concept, and provides a specific application that is a critical issue for the modern police authority — employment risk. In discussing this employment risk, the paper offers both a method for analysing risks generally and a set of risk management principles that apply to the actual management of all organisational risks.

scholarly journals Generalised SEIR modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic course: data quality issues and structural analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Mendes ◽  
Pedro S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Hospital Capacity ◽  
New Information ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Epidemic Response

Abstract Successive generalisations of the basic SEIR model have been proposed to accommodate the different needs of the organisations handling the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. These generalisations have not been able until today to represent the potential of the epidemic to overwhelm hospital capacity until today. This work builds on previous generalisations, including a new compartment for hospital occupancy that allows accounting for the infected patients that need for specialised medical attention. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the hospitalisations rate and probability as well as of the recovery rates for hospitalised and non-hospitalised individuals is achieved, offering new information and predictions of crucial importance for the planning of the health systems and global epidemic response. Additionally, a new methodology to calibrate epidemic flows between compartments is proposed. We conclude that the two-step calibration procedure is able to recalibrate non-error-free data and showed crucial to reconstruct the series in a specific situation characterised by significant errors over the official recovery cases. The performed modelling also allowed to understand how effective the several interventions (lockdown or other mobility restriction measures) were, offering insight for helping public authorities to set the timing and intensity of the measures in order to avoid the implosion of the health systems.

scholarly journals Primeros resultados de la excavación del castillo medieval de Dos Hermanas (Montemayor, Córdoba)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier López Rider ◽  
Santiago Rodero Pérez ◽  
José Manuel Reyes Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The West ◽  
Work Support ◽  
New Information ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Southern Wall ◽  
Round Pass

First results of the excavation of the medieval castle of Dos Hermanas (Montemayor, Cordoba)In the south of the kingdom of Córdoba, there is the castle so-called Dos Hermanas, located in the municipality of the current town of Montemayor. It has been considered that the construction of the castle of this stately town was the result of the first moments of decline of the fortress of Dos Hermanas, located on the bank of the Carchena stream. Currently, a first excavation campaign has been carried out that brings us closer to the anthropic occupation of the site. At the same time, the archival research gives new information to the history of the site, exceeding the date of 1340, when Don Martín Alonso de Córdoba partially destroyed the Arab fortress of Dos Hermanas to build the castle of Montemayor. The first data extracted from the field work support the written sources, providing us with new data that allow us to make a more complete and novel interpretation. The survival of part of the facilities of the Dos Hermanas castle with an occupation from Roman times to the sixteenth century that shows the total non-depopulation of the place in the fourteenth century, as previously thought. A high degree of conservation of the structures found inside the wall enclosure appears a southern bay with stables with nine mangers. To the west, there is a vain and an angled staircase that allowed access from the parade ground until the round pass over the main door, which is also preserved. The objective of this proposal will be to present these first results of the archaeological intervention centered on the southern wall of the castle. These research works are accompanied by a consolidation project of the main structures, all financed by the Provincial Delegation of Cordoba and Montemayor Town Hall, whose continuity is developed in 2019 and 2020.

scholarly journals Sentinel-1 for Granada coast landslides monitoring and potential damage assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barra ◽  
Cristina Reyes-Carmona ◽  
Oriol Monserrat ◽  
Jorge Pedro Glave ◽  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
First Results ◽  
Large Application ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Damage Mapping

<p>The InSAR technique has been proved to be a powerful tool in order to detect, monitoring and analyse movements related to geological phenomena. Its application ranges from regional/national scale to a very detailed scale, up to a single building analysis. Moreover, since 2014, the free and constant availability of Sentinel-1 data has been helping the tendency of using more and more this technique in the institutional risk management activities. Many European and national projects have been financed in order to investigate and improve the processing performances and broaden the operational use and application of the results. In this work, we present the first results developed in the framework of the project Riskcoast (SOE3/P4/E0868) over an area of around 4 km<sup>2</sup> in Andalucía (Spain), including the city and the coast of Granada. Riskcoast has been funded by the Interreg Sudoe Programme through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The presented work is as an example of multi scale (medium to large) application of InSAR for geohazard applications. The velocity map including the estimation of the displacement time series have been produced over the whole area by processing 139 radar images of the Sentinel-1 (A and B). Starting from those results a rapid and semi-automatic extraction of the most significant active displacement areas (ADA) has been performed. Then, after a classification of the detected areas, a more detailed analysis has been done over some selected costal landslides. Over those landslides a damage mapping has been generated based on field surveys, and then analysed together with the spatial gradient of displacement derived by the InSAR results. The Riskcoast project will be introduced and the first results presented.</p>

scholarly journals Flood Consequences of Land-Use Changes at a Ski Resort: Overcoming a Geomorphological Threshold (Portainé, Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glòria Furdada ◽  
Ane Victoriano ◽  
Andrés Díez-Herrero ◽  
Mar Génova ◽  
Marta Guinau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Holistic Understanding

The sensitive mountain catchment of Portainé (Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula) has recently experienced a significant change in its torrential dynamics due to human disturbances. The emplacement of a ski resort at the headwaters led to the surpassing of a geomorphological threshold, with important consequences during flood events. Consequently, since 2008, channel dynamics have turned into sediment-laden, highly destructive torrential flows. In order to assess this phenomenon and o acquire a holistic understanding of the catchment’s behaviour, we carried out a field work-based multidisciplinary study. We considered the interaction of the various controlling factors, including bedrock geology, geomorphological evolution, derived soils and coluvial deposits, rainfall patterns, and the hydrological response of the catchment to flood events. Moreover, anthropogenic land-use changes, its consequential hydrogeomorphic effects and the role of vegetation were also taken into account. Robust sedimentological and geomorphological evidence of ancient dense debris flows show that the basin has shifted around this threshold, giving rise to two different behaviours or equilibrium conditions throughout its history: alternating periods of moderate, bedload-laden flows and periods of high sediment-laden debris flow dynamics. This shifting could have extended through the Holocene. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of climate and global change, as the projected effects suggest future soil and forest degradation; this, jointly with more intense rainfalls in these mountain environments, would exacerbate the future occurrence of dense sediment-laden flows at Portainé, but also in other nearby, similar basins.

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