Semi-automated assessment of geological phenomena of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by radar interferometry in Alt Urgell and Cerdanya, Catalonia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Fabregat ◽  
Jaume Casanovas ◽  
Jordi Marturià ◽  
Pere Buxó ◽  
Anna Barra
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Geological Phenomenon

<p>Geological hazards related to ground movements are difficult to assess at a regional scale due the lack of detailed information on the occurrence of the phenomena and the large number of potential vulnerable elements in the territory. Therefore, progress in analyzes at the regional scale can be a very useful tool for risk management.</p><p>This work, developed in the Alt Urgell and La Cerdanya counties (Catalunya, NE Spain) has served as the basis for the geological risk identification associated with ground movements. The methodology is based on the use of the Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected by medium resolution radar satellite interferometry (Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B). The goal is to obtain a quick and semi-automatically classification of the ADAs according to the probable geological phenomena origin (landslides, rockfalls and subsidence).</p><p>This ADA classification is based on current data (DTM and geology) and easy to implement with GIS, takes in account: (i), landslide inventories, to allow the direct validation of the geological phenomenon; (ii) geology -information of the geological units type-; (iii) slope terrain -morphology-, determines the classification of the movement cause, depending on the slope, they are more or less prone to the generation of geological phenomena (e.g. slopes <35º: landslides); and (iv) land uses, determines the potential impact on vulnerable areas (e.g. high, in urbanized areas; low, in natural environments). This methodology provides an ADA first geological susceptibility categorization that allows optimizing and prioritizing efforts in detailed geological and geomorphological characterization works.</p><p>The clustering of scattering points gave a result of 361 ADA (over an area of around 2,000 km<sup>2</sup>), 145 was classified as potentially generated by a geological phenomenon (126 susceptible to landslides, 7 as rockfalls, 7 as subsidence and 5 as landslides or rockfalls) and 215 were classified as other causes.</p><p>Ideally, validation is based on contrasting the ADA with actual inventory data. However, the lack of complete and exhaustive inventories require validation based on classic methods such as photointerpretation and field work. All areas were checked by means of geomorphological analysis to ensure their susceptibility: 143 has identified as caused by geological phenomena, 153 has related with geological depositional process (rocky ground) and 65 has discarded.</p><p>This work has been supported by the European Commission under the Interreg V-A-POCTEFA programme (grant no. Mompa – EFA295/19).</p>

scholarly journals Automating the Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas—A Sentinel-Based Toolset

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José A. Navarro ◽  
María Cuevas ◽  
Roberto Tomás ◽  
Anna Barra ◽  
Michele Crosetto
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
New Applications

The H2020 MOMIT project (Multi-scale Observation and Monitoring of railway Infrastructure Threats, http://www.momit-project.eu/) is focused on showing how remote sensing data and techniques may help to monitor railway infrastructures. One of the hazards monitored are the ground movements nearby such infrastructures. Two methodologies targeted at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) and the later classification of these using Persistent Scatterers (PS) derived from Sentinel-1 imagery had been developed prior to the start of MOMIT. Although the validity of these procedures had already been validated, no actual tools automating their execution existed—these were applied manually using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Such a manual process was slow and error-prone due to human intervention. This work presents two new applications, developed in the context of the MOMIT project, automating the aforementioned methodologies: ADAfinder and ADAclassifier. Their goal was (1) to reduce the possibility of human errors to a minimum and (2) to increase the performance/reduce the time needed to obtain results, thus allowing more room for experimentation.

MOMPA Project: interregional DInSAR monitoring and action protocol in the Eastern Pyrenees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barra ◽  
Jordi Marturià ◽  
Ramon Copons ◽  
Muriel Gasc ◽  
Ivan Fabregat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Free Data ◽  
First Results

<p>The MOMPA project (MOnitorización de Movimientos del terreno y Protocolo de Actuación - MOnitoring of ground Movements and Action Protocol) has been 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. The study area of the project is in the Eastern Pyrenees, covering the whole Principality of Andorra, the Spanish areas of Alt Urgell and Cerdanya (Catalonia) and the French areas of Cerdanya-Capcir and Conflent (Occitanie). The aim of the Project is to provide a useful technical-operational tool for risk prevention and management, at a cross-border level, based on satellite DInSAR technique monitoring of ground movements. The tool includes two main elements: the assessment of the risk associated with active phenomena that affect structures and infrastructures; and the integration of the technique in an action protocol for Civil Protections. The results will be transferred to Civil Protections (associated partners of the project) and other organizations, such as local and regional Public Authorities.</p><p>The study area presents one main critical issue: it is not an easy area for what concerns the radar response. This means that the obtainable results in terms of displacement map (velocity map and time series of deformation), which is the main input of the project, can be strongly limited. A second issue is the variability of the available data (e.g. landslide inventory, geology, DEM) between Andorra, Spain, and France. In General, landslides inventories are not complete or exhaustive and do not cover areas far from human structures.</p><p>The project will face the risk assessment starting from the interregional scale displacement map (covering around 15,000 km<sup>2</sup>) and the extracted Active Deformation Areas (ADA), as inputs to then select movements with potential risk where focus the analysis at a local scale, based on traditional method (basically photointerpretation and field work). Both the medium-resolution, free data, acquired by Sentinel-1 and the high-resolution data acquired by COSMO-SkyMed will be used, the results will be compared and evaluated.</p><p>Moreover, the project focuses his attention on the specific case of “la Portalada” (in Andorra). This is a huge landslide that occurred on August 2019. Today, there is a slow movement up slope that could affect a main road located in the bottom of the valley . Because of the high interest for the local authorities to monitor and characterize the current movement of the slope located upper to the landslide scar eight passive and one active corner reflectors have been installed along the steep forested slope. The data obtained will be integrated in the prevention risk protocol.</p><p>The project started the 1<sup>st</sup> of December 2019 and will finish in May 2022.  The aim of this work is to present the project and the first results achieved through satellite interferometry.</p>

scholarly journals Automating the Detection and Classification of Active Deformation Areas—A Sentinel-Based Toolset

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José Navarro ◽  
María Cuevas ◽  
Roberto Tomás ◽  
Anna Barra ◽  
Michele Crosetto
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
New Applications

The H2020 MOMIT project (Multi-scale Observation and Monitoring of railway Infrastructure Threats, http://www.momit-project.eu/) is focused on showing how remote sensing data and techniques may help to monitor railway infrastructures. One of the hazards monitored are the ground movements nearby such infrastructures. Two methodologies targeted at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) and the later classification of these using Persistent Scatterers (PS) derived from Sentinel-1 imagery had been developed prior to the start of MOMIT. Although the validity of these procedures had already been validated, no actual tools automating their execution existed—these were applied manually using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Such a manual process was slow and error-prone due to human intervention. This work presents two new applications, developed in the context of the MOMIT project, automating the aforementioned methodologies: ADAfinder and ADAclassifier. Their goal was (1) to reduce the possibility of human errors to a minimum and (2) to increase the performance/reduce the time needed to obtain results, thus allowing more room for experimentation.

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

scholarly journals Semi-Automatic Identification and Pre-Screening of Geological–Geotechnical Deformational Processes Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás ◽  
Pagán ◽  
Navarro ◽  
Cano ◽  
Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
External Information ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Map Scale

This work describes a new procedure aimed to semi-automatically identify clusters of active persistent scatterers and preliminarily associate them with different potential types of deformational processes over wide areas. This procedure consists of three main modules: (i) ADAfinder, aimed at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) data; (ii) LOS2HV, focused on the decomposition of Line Of Sight (LOS) displacements from ascending and descending PSI datasets into vertical and east-west components; iii) ADAclassifier, that semi-automatically categorizes each ADA into potential deformational processes using the outputs derived from (i) and (ii), as well as ancillary external information. The proposed procedure enables infrastructures management authorities to identify, classify, monitor and categorize the most critical deformations measured by PSI techniques in order to provide the capacity for implementing prevention and mitigation actions over wide areas against geological threats. Zeri, Campiglia Marittima–Suvereto and Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italy) are used as case studies for illustrating the developed methodology. Three PSI datasets derived from the Sentinel-1 constellation have been used, jointly with the geological map of Italy (scale 1:50,000), the updated Italian landslide and land subsidence maps (scale 1:25,000), a 25 m grid Digital Elevation Model, and a cadastral vector map (scale 1:5,000). The application to these cases of the proposed workflow demonstrates its capability to quickly process wide areas in very short times and a high compatibility with Geographical Information System (GIS) environments for data visualization and representation. The derived products are of key interest for infrastructures and land management as well as decision-making at a regional scale.

scholarly journals How Can Enterprise Risk Management Help in Evaluating the Operational Risks for a Telecommunications Company?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
José Ruiz-Canela López
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Enterprise Risk

Operational risk is defined as the potential losses resulting from events caused by inadequate or failed processes, people, equipment, and systems or from external events. One of the most important challenges for the management of the company is to improve its results through its operational risk identification and evaluation. Most of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) scholarship has roots in the finance/risk management and insurance (RMI) discipline, mainly in the banking sector. This study proposes an innovative operational risk assessment methodology (OpRAM), to evaluate operational risks focused on telecommunications companies (TELCOs), on the basis of an operational risk self-assessment (OpRSA) process and method. The OpRSA process evaluates operational risks through a quantitative analysis of estimates which inputs are the economic impact and the probability of occurrence of events. The OpRSA method is the “engine” for calculating the economic risk impact, applying actuarial techniques, which allow estimation of unexpected losses and expected losses distributions in a TELCO. The results of the analyzed business unit in the field work were compared with standardized ratings (acceptable, manageable, critical, or catastrophic), and contrasted against the company’s managers, proving that the OpRSA framework is a reliable and useful management tool for the business, and leading to more research in other sectors where operational risk management is key for the company success.

scholarly journals Nesting of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) on man-made structures in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Sidorenko ◽  
V. D. Siokhin
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Great Cormorants

In Ukraine the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus, 1758) uses a rather wide range of habitats for nesting: islands, trees and shrubs, reedbeds and a variety of man-made structures. In general, the strategy of nesting on man-made structures is uncommon both in Ukraine and Europe, and Cormorantsdo this only in the absence of other sites suitable for nesting. Special research onCormorant colonies on technogenic constructions was carried out during the field expeditions by the Research Institute of Biodiversity of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems of Ukraine in 2002–2003 and 2012–2016. Besides this, we used retrospective and current data from the literature and Internet resources. Most of the field work was carried out by making surveys by boat and on foot. As a result, we found 8 Cormorant colonies on technogenic constructions in Ukraine: gas platforms in the Sea of Azov (near the village Strilkove, Henichesk district of Kherson region); sunken ships – targets for bombing training near the Arabat Spit (these are also known as «ship islands»); electricity pylons of the high-voltage Enerhodar Dnipro Power Line where it crosses the Kakhovka Reservoir; the dock in Yahorlyk Bayk, used in the past as a target for bombing training bombing; artificial island-platforms on Lake Chernine (Kinburn Peninsula); an artificial island on the Sasyk Lagoon (Odessa region); artificial islands, made as navigation markers on the Kremenchuk and Kiev reservoirs. The study found that in most cases the accompanying species was the CaspianGull (Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811), which actively destroys the Cormorants’ nests and eats their eggs and chicks. The number of nests in the colonies varied greatly (5–30 nests on the navigation marker islands and ca. 2 000–2 300 on the «ship-islands» and gas platforms). This is due, primarily, to the area of the breeding territory. The research found that fierce territorial competition was observed in most of the colonies both with Caspian Gulls and between Cormorants. In addition, we observed anthropogenic interference in the colonies by fishermen and workers conducting routine maintenance work (as happened in the case of electricity pylons and gas platforms). The benefit of this study is that it is the first research in Ukraine conducted at national level onthis type of nesting by Cormorants. Moreover, the study examines the history of emergence of these nesting territories and population dynamics of the Great Cormorant from the time of initial settlement of the breeding sites till the present.

scholarly journals Typology of metro structures for the tasks of geotechnical risk classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
E. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Modern Enterprise ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Construction Organization ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Enterprise Activity

Risk management is an important part of a modern enterprise activity. Currently, risk management should be included in the overall quality management system of a construction organization. Geotechnical construction, for instance, construction of metro, should also be carried out taking into account possible risks. Metro construction is connected with a number of uncertainties related to enclosing rock mass conditions, and specific geotechnical risks, which can lead to materialization of hazards with various consequences. Predicting possible hazards at all stages of a metro structure life cycle requires the ability to manage risks. The effectiveness of risk management requires detailed risk identification, which precedes the stage of determining the probability of risk (the risk assessment stage). To identify an object, it is required to determine its composition, properties, physical origin. The method of such risk cognition with division into groups through determining the essential features (grounds) is classification. To date, different classifications of risks in construction activity have been developed. The paper discusses various approaches to the classification of risks in underground construction, analyzes the feasibility of adapting these classifications to the analysis of geotechnical risks in the construction of metro facilities. The principles of classification of geotechnical risks were proposed. The typology of metro structures has been substantiated as the basis for the classification of geotechnical risks in the construction of metro facilities. The results of the development of a general form for classification of geotechnical risks during a metro construction have been presented.

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Thermal Variability

<em>Abstract</em>.-In this paper, we develop logistic stream temperature models for 17 selected sites in northeastern North America and evaluate the potential changes from warming climate under two scenarios (low and medium-high emissions). Classification of the magnitude of the (1) long-term (1980-2002) and (2) annual thermal regimes allowed examination of the relative spatial and temporal patterns of instream thermal variability across the 17 sites. At the regional scale, the classification identified three broad groups of rivers (cool, intermediate, and warm) reflecting geographical location and moderated by site-specific factors. The interannual classification identified four thermal year types reflecting increasing magnitude and variability in the annual thermal regime. The dominance of thermal year types and the frequency of occurrence indicated significant variability between years for all sites and within thermal regions. Under the two climate change scenarios, stream temperatures in the 17 sites are projected to increase by 2050. However, there are regional differences with intermediate and warm region rivers projected to be more affected, particularly under the medium-high emissions scenario. More significantly, the duration of weeks when temperatures exceed 20°C (taken as a threshold of thermal stress for Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar</em>) is projected to increase with variability in response between river groups. We comment on the ecological significance of these potential future increases in stream temperature and duration for Atlantic salmon in the region.

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