Addressing indicators for geoheritage monitoring based on degradation risk and scientific value quantitative assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais S Canesin ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Juana Vegas ◽  
Lidia Selmi ◽  
Paola Coratza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Partial Data ◽  
Geoconservation Strategies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Scientific Value

<p>Keywords: monitoring, criteria, degradation, geoheritage, Vale de Meios, Portugal</p><p>Monitoring is one of the main stages in geoconservation strategies, essential to guarantee<br>geoheritage sustainability. Nevertheless, few studies focus on geoheritage monitoring techniques<br>and methods, unlike the multitude of works focusing on procedures to inventory and assess the<br>value of geosites. Moreover, criteria used in these methods can be applied on monitoring<br>procedures, specifically those supporting degradation risk and scientific value quantitative<br>assessments. In this context, a geoheritage monitoring model is being applied in Vale de Meios<br>(Alcanede, Portugal), an abandoned limestone quarry with well-preserved Middle Jurassic<br>Theropod footprints, inside the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park. This geosite was<br>previously assessed for its scientific value and vulnerability and it is included in the Portuguese<br>inventory of geoheritage with national and international relevance. A set of “scientific value” and<br>“degradation risk/vulnerability” criteria were reviewed to assess the degradation of the geosite<br>and used to identify the most suitable monitoring model. The “integrity” criterium used in most<br>methods to assess the scientific value of geosites, also credited as “conservation status”, is strictly<br>connected with the deterioration of the geoheritage elements in the past and present, while<br>degradation risk is normally referring to the threats and potential losses in the future. Fourteen<br>“degradation risk” assessment sub-criteria (intrinsic active processes, deterioration of geological<br>elements, size, extrinsic active processes, proximity to active processes, economic potential,<br>collectible elements potential, protection status, proximity to human activities, accessibility,<br>population density, visitor facilities, degradation by public use, and visitation control) can be<br>distributed by the main criteria fragility, natural vulnerability, anthropic vulnerability, and public<br>use. A detailed analysis of the criteria and the specific characteristics of each geosite support the<br>definition of suitable monitoring indicators. In the Vale de Meios geosite, monitoring actions<br>should primarily consider: active natural process, deterioration of geological elements,<br>accessibility, visitor facilities, degradation by public use, and visitation control in order to define<br>the monitoring indicators. An analysis of the conservation status over the past decades has been<br>carried out, using time indicators of deterioration. Long-term monitoring results will provide more<br>data about the geoheritage degradation though partial data show that in Vale de Meios the main<br>concern is related with the high natural vulnerability of the Theropod footprints, which are<br>exposed to natural erosion. Despite the protection status of the area and design of a plan for<br>visitation control measures, conservation procedures should prioritize physical protection<br>initiatives in the geosite management strategies.</p>

From war zone to biosphere reserve: the Korean DMZ as a Scientific Landscape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
War Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value

The Korean DMZ—at once a war zone, a historical landscape and a living laboratory—offers a compelling example of how scientific fieldwork can alter the definition of place. This article explores how scientists introduced new layers of meaning to the region, thereby contributing to shifts in perspective about the border area and to changes in land-use policies there. As early as the mid 1960s, scientists described the DMZ as a scientifically unique and valuable place and argued for setting it aside as a nature reserve; by the late 1990s, the vision of the DMZ as a scientific landscape gained currency both within Korea and internationally and has become central to discussions about the zone's future. This article draws from published and unpublished scientific reports whose authors directly argue for assigning official conservation status to all or part of the DMZ and its border regions; it aims to demonstrate the important role scientists have played in redefining the DMZ through highlighting its environmental and scientific value. The article places these developments within the larger environmental history of Korea, suggesting links between changing emphases in environmental activism and policy-making and evolving ideas about the value and purpose of the DMZ.

scholarly journals Dementia with Lewy bodies

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. McKeith
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dementia Subtype

BackgroundDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common dementia subtype that has only been recognised in the past decade and that remains widely underdiagnosed.AimsTo review the pathological and clinical features of DLB, to consider methods of investigation and diagnosis, and to recommend safe and effective management strategies.MethodA selective review was made of the key literature.ResultsUsing operationalised criteria, DLB can be clinically diagnosed with an accuracy similar to that achieved for Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Underdetection is largely due to poor definition of the criterion of cognitive fluctuation. Ancillary investigations, particularly neuroimaging, can aid in differential diagnosis. Extreme caution in the use of neuroleptic medication is advised. Cholinesterase inhibitors may be particularly effective in DLB.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of DLB as part of a spectrum of Lewy body disorders. Neuroleptic sensitivity reactions and good response to cholinergic therapies are important aspects of management.

scholarly journals Comparing Methods of Evaluation of Geosites: The Fossiliferous Outcrops of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic) as a Case Study for Sustainable Island Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Raposo ◽  
Carlos Melo ◽  
Luís Silva ◽  
Anunciação Ventura ◽  
Rita Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Palaeontological Heritage ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Geoconservation Strategies ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Santa Maria

The increasing interest in geotourism has prompted the need for quantitative assessments of geosites as a fundamental step in the application of geoconservation strategies, in order to assure sustainable planning, management and use of natural resources. The improvement of methodologies used to evaluate geosites dictates the revision of previous assessments on a regular basis. Santa Maria Island in the Azores Archipelago is renowned for its palaeontological heritage. Herein, we present the results of a re-evaluation of 17 fossiliferous geosites, based on an updated methodology in which four main independent criteria are considered: (1) scientific value; (2) educational value; (3) touristic value; and (4) degradation risk. These new results were compared with a previous evaluation of the same geosites, based on the Q-value. Our results show that an evaluation of the fossiliferous geosites based on independent criteria is more suitable, especially for political and economic stakeholders. The study of these geosites also permitted the development of high-quality promotional products for the Regional Government of the Azores, as in the case of the “House of the Fossils” museum, the “Fossils Route” and the newly formed “Santa Maria PalaeoPark,” making this island a good example of a successful joint venture between science, political decision-makers, geoconservation management strategies, sustainable tourism and education.

scholarly journals Assessment of multi-decadal WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 17711-17742 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Gan ◽  
J. Pleim ◽  
R. Mathur ◽  
C. Hogrefe ◽  
C. N. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aerosol Effects

Abstract. Multi-decadal simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx over the past 21 years (1990–2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014) utilizing observations (e.g. SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995–2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both all-sky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even through it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrenpancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data.

Managing risks in advanced wastewater treatment plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hauser ◽  
K. Sathrugnan ◽  
F. Roedler
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Definition Of

Water scarcity, water pollution control measures and protection of the aquatic environment are major driving forces to develop effective and efficient wastewater management strategies. Today, our objectives in wastewater management are far away from just treatment, but rather to integrate water reclamation, energy and material recovery. Only the integration of water, energy and material allows truly sustainable solutions. Though the concepts and technologies are principally available, these integrated solutions are still not deployed on a large scale. One major inhibitor of realizing such holistic solutions with their increased complexity is the uncertainty of the related risks, which can be technical, economic, financial and/or socio-cultural. This paper presents a risk management framework to identify, quantify and ultimately manage the implied risks in complex wastewater treatment plants. The key components of this framework are stakeholder involvement, scientific knowledge, data analysis, technology management and definition of performance goals.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

Prawne regulacje pobierania i transplantacji narządów oraz tkanek w ujęciu europejskiej konwencji bioetycznej

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Patryk Kołodyński ◽  
Paulina Drab
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Over the past several years, transplantology has become one of the fastest developing areas of medicine. The reason is, first and foremost, a significant improvement of the results of successful transplants. However, much controversy arouse among the public, on both medical and ethical grounds. The article presents the most important concepts and regulations relating to the collection and transplantation of organs and tissues in the context of the European Convention on Bioethics. It analyses the convention and its additional protocol. The article provides the definition of transplantation and distinguishes its types, taking into account the medical criteria for organ transplants. Moreover, authors explained the issue of organ donation ex vivo and ex mortuo. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine clearly regulates the legal aspects concerning the transplantation and related basic concepts, and therefore provides a reliable source of information about organ transplantation and tissue. This act is a part of the international legal order, which includes the established codification of bioethical standards.

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