On the consolidation behaviour of double-porosity geomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyun Choo
Keyword(s):  
Double Porosity ◽  
Plasticity Theory ◽  
Pore System ◽  
Porosity Structure ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Solid Deformation ◽  
Structured Soils ◽  
Simulation Results

<p>Many natural and engineered geomaterials have double-porosity structure where two dominant pore systems coexist. Examples include structured soils where the two pore systems are inter-aggregate pores and intra-aggregate pores, and fissured rocks where the two pore systems are fissures and matrix pores. Although such double-porosity materials are frequently observed in geosciences and geoengineering applications, it remains mostly unclear how fluid flow and solid deformation interact differently in single- and double-porosity materials. The presentation explores this question through numerical simulation of consolidation – a paradigmatic problem in poromechanics – based on a recently developed modelling framework for fluid-infiltrated, inelastic materials with double porosity. Built on a combination of continuum principles of thermodynamics and standard plasticity theory, the framework can capture deformation, flow, and their coupling that occur individually in each pore system. Simulation results using this framework suggest that double-porosity structure gives rise to a two-staged consolidation behaviour, where the second stage appears similar to secondary compression in clays. It is also found that the simulated two-staged behaviour bears a striking semblance to experimentally observed consolidation processes in shales. These findings suggest that double-porosity structure may exert dominant control over the long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of geomaterials.</p>

scholarly journals Adapting the definition of multimorbidity – development of a locality-based consensus for selecting included Long Term Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Hafezparast ◽  
Ellie Bragan Turner ◽  
Rupert Dunbar-Rees ◽  
Alice Vodden ◽  
Hiten Dodhia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Local Health Service

Abstract Background Defining multimorbidity has proved elusive in spite of attempts to standardise definitions. For national studies, a broad definition is required to capture national diversity. For locally based studies, the definition may need to reflect demographic and morbidity patterns. We aimed to define multimorbidity for an inner city, multi-ethnic, deprived, young age community typical of many large cities. Methods We used a scoping literature review to identify the international literature, standards and guidelines on Long Term Condition (LTC) definitions for inclusion in our multimorbidity definition. Consensus was categorised into high, medium or low consensus, depending on the number of literature sources citing each LTC. Findings were presented to a workshop consisting of local health service stakeholders who were asked to select LTCs for inclusion in a second stage review. In the second stage, each LTC was tested against seven evaluation domains: prevalence, impact, preventability, treatment burden, progression to multiple LTCs, impact on younger people, data quality. These domains were used to create 12 target criteria. LTC rankings according to consensus group and target criteria scores were presented to a second workshop for a final decision about LTC inclusion. Results The literature review identified 18 literature sources citing 86 LTCs: 11 were excluded because they were LTC clusters. The remainder were allocated into consensus groupings: 13 LTCs were ‘high consensus’ (cited by ≥ 11 sources); 15 were ‘medium consensus’ (cited by 5–10 sources); 47 were ‘low consensus’ (cited by < 5 sources). The first workshop excluded 31 LTCs. The remaining 44 LTCs consisted of: 13 high consensus LTCs, all with high target score (score 6–12); 15 medium consensus LTCs, 11 with high target scores; 16 low consensus LTCs, 6 with high target scores. The final workshop selected the 12 high consensus conditions, 12 medium consensus LTCs (10 with high target scores) and 8 low consensus LTCs (3 with high target scores), producing a final selection of 32 LTCs. Conclusions Redefining multimorbidity for an urban context ensures local relevance but may diminish national generalisability. We describe a detailed LTC selection process which should be generalisable to other contexts, both local and national.

Case study on the implementation of deammonification for the process water treatment of Munich WWTPs

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hilliges ◽  
Eberhard Steinle ◽  
Bernhard Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Flow Treatment

The two-staged WWTP ‘Gut Grosslappen’ has a capacity of 2 mio. PE. It comprises a pre-denitrification in the first stage using recirculation from the nitrifying second stage. A residual post-denitrification in a downstream sand filter is required in order to achieve the effluent standards. Presently the process water from sludge digestion is treated separately by nitrification/denitrification. Due to necessary reconstruction of the biological stages, the process water treatment was included in the future overall process concept of the WWTP. A case study was conducted comparing the processes nitritation/denitrititation and deammonification with nitrification/denitrification including their effect on the operational costs of the planned main flow treatment. Besides the different operating costs the investment costs required for the process water treatment played a significant role. Six cases for the process water treatment were compared. As a result, in Munich deammonification can only be recommended for long-term future developments, due to the high investment costs, compared with the nitritation/denitritation alternative realizable in existing tanks. The savings concerning aeration, sludge disposal and chemicals were not sufficient to compensate for the additional investment costs. Due to the specific circumstances in Munich, for the time being the use of existing tanks for nitritation/denitritation proved to be most economical.

Reliability Parameters Forecasting for Transmission Lines Based on Principal Component Regression

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2381-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xia Liu ◽  
Ji Kai Xu ◽  
Hong Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yong Tao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Simulation Results

It is the foundation for evaluating the reliability of transmission lines to obtain and analyze the original reliability parameters. However, these parameters depend on long- term statistic and calculation. In the case of lacking such parameters in a new project , this paper proposes a method of Principal Component Analysis to obtain the principal component of the impacting factors ,in which various factors affecting reliability parameters are taken into account. Through this method, we can use PCR to obtain the failure rate of the unknown transmission lines on the base of the known credible lines’ rates. The simulation results show that the proposed approach possesses higher forecasting accuracy and provides references for the power system dispatching departments and transmission lines maintenance departments.

Toxocariasis/cysticercosis seroprevalence in a long-term rural settlement, São Paulo, Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PRESTES-CARNEIRO ◽  
D. H. P. SOUZA ◽  
G. C. MORENO ◽  
C. TROIANI ◽  
V. SANTARÉM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Ocular Manifestations

SUMMARYSeroprevalence of Toxocara and Taenia solium and risk factors for infection with these parasites were explored in a long-term rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil. An ELISA for the detection of anti-Toxocara IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium cysticerci was standardized using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES) obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of T. canis and by vesicular fluid antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (VF). For cysticercosis, the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blot using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from VF. Out of 182 subjects, 25 (13·7%) presented anti-Toxocara IgG and a positive correlation between total IgE and the reactive index of specific anti-TES IgE (P=0·0265) was found amongst the subjects found seropositive for anti-Toxocara IgG. In these individuals 38·0% showed ocular manifestations. The frequency of anti-T. solium cysticerci confirmed by Western blot was 0·6%. Seropositivity for Toxocara was correlated with low educational levels and the owning of dogs. Embryonated eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 43·3% of the analysed areas.

scholarly journals Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5001-5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yu ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaohua Dong ◽  
Xiaonong Hu ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swat Model ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Flood Period ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Event Based

Abstract. Flooding represents one of the most severe natural disasters threatening the development of human society. A model that is capable of predicting the hydrological responses in watershed with management practices during flood period would be a crucial tool for pre-assessment of flood reduction measures. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a semi-distributed hydrological model that is well capable of runoff and water quality modeling under changed scenarios. The original SWAT model is a long-term yield model. However, a daily simulation time step and a continuous time marching limit the application of the SWAT model for detailed, event-based flood simulation. In addition, SWAT uses a basin level parameter that is fixed for the whole catchment to parameterize the unit hydrograph (UH), thereby ignoring the spatial heterogeneity among the sub-basins when adjusting the shape of the UHs. This paper developed a method to perform event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale based on SWAT2005 and simultaneously improved the UH method used in the original SWAT model. First, model programs for surface runoff and water routing were modified to a sub-daily timescale. Subsequently, the entire loop structure was broken into discrete flood events in order to obtain a SWAT-EVENT model in which antecedent soil moisture and antecedent reach storage could be obtained from daily simulations of the original SWAT model. Finally, the original lumped UH parameter was refined into a set of distributed ones to reflect the spatial variability of the studied area. The modified SWAT-EVENT model was used in the Wangjiaba catchment located in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River in China. Daily calibration and validation procedures were first performed for the SWAT model with long-term flow data from 1990 to 2010, after which sub-daily (Δt=2 h) calibration and validation in the SWAT-EVENT model were conducted with 24 flood events originating primarily during the flood seasons within the same time span. Daily simulation results demonstrated that the SWAT model could yield very good performances in reproducing streamflow for both whole year and flood period. Event-based flood simulation results simulated by the sub-daily SWAT-EVENT model indicated reliable performances, with ENS values varying from 0.67 to 0.95. The SWAT-EVENT model, compared to the SWAT model, particularly improved the simulation accuracies of the flood peaks. Furthermore, the SWAT-EVENT model results of the two UH parameterization methods indicated that the use of the distributed parameters resulted in a more reasonable UH characterization and better model fit compared to the lumped UH parameter.

scholarly journals Cost Effectual Distributed Cooperative Cluster based Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5652-5656
Keyword(s):  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Great Strength ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Channel Distortion ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Intense Research

Theoretical energy recognition in remote sensor systems has received intense research interest in the late years. Radio variation, channel distortion, and blockage bring great strength and responsiveness to packets broadcast over a remote channel. A twin innovation is effective communication that can drastically increase the channel range and reduce transmission vigor consumption in disrupting channel. Growth in the direct range brings with it a reduced fault rate. In this paper, an acceptable correspondence method is proposed for each tab with active sending and receiving clusters. It consists of two stages, the precise routing phase, the selective and transmitting stage. In the routing phase, the basic route between the source and the sink hub is started. In the second stage, centers of fundamental development toward flattering team leaders select additional touch centers with minimal biomass costs from their surroundings, and then spread from bundle to cluster to the recently established endurance cluster. Reductions in error rate and regeneration are proven by the fact that malpractice funds become long-term obligation systems.

scholarly journals ABOUT CAPITAL TURNOVER AND THE METHODOLOGY OF ITS ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Rositsa Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commodity Form

Capital turnover is constantly repeating process of capital transformation from one to another form and turning it in its initial form. This process comprises capital advance for acquisition of production means and manpower, the use of the resources in the production of finished goods, sale of finished goods, and the return of capital in its original form.We will study the capital turnover with view of the stages of its movement. During the first stage, the capital is transformed from monetary into product form, as production means (long-term tangible assets and material resources) and manpower that are required for the enterprise’s business. The second stage – the stage of the production process, capital is transformed from one commodity form (production resources) in another commodity form (finished goods). During the third stage, the capital is transformed from commodity to monetary form, i.e. it recovers its original form.The issue of capital turnover is topical at all phases and stages of enterprise’s development. The acceleration of capital turnover results in release of capital embodied in different resources that can be advanced in appropriate activities, thus to increase the enterprise’s gains, and therefore – the capital return. The deceleration of capital turnover results in shortage of means required for the normal course of the enterprise’s business, and in its turn the enterprise is thus forced to raise additional funds in order to operate. This increases the share of borrowings and the level of financial risk the enterprise is exposed to.The interest to capital turnover is due to the insufficient understanding of the importance of this issue both for the successful and efficient development of enterprises’ business, as well as for the prosperity of economy as a whole. This is one of the most important issues – driver of business and economy, which is topical, irrespective of the type of ownership of the production means, the organization of the economy and the specific public and political environment. As a result of the insufficient understanding of the importance and significance of capital turnover, some thoughts exist that these are obsolete, archaic and all but unnecessary methodologies for analysis of capital turnover in the conditions of market competition.Capital turnover may be analyzed and assessed from different points of view. For example: according to the sources of its formation (equity and borrowings); according to the duration of capital involvement in the enterprise’s turnover (fixed capital and short-term borrowings); according to the resources in which the equity is embodied (share equity and working equity), etc.The object studied in this publication is the capital turnover of enterprises with industrial principal business, and the subject matter of the study covers the methodology for analysis of equity turnover with view of the resources it is embodied in.The aim of this publication is to reach a methodology for analysis and assessment of equity turnover, which is feasible for the economic practice and useful for the industrial enterprises’ management to make proper and reasonable decisions for the business development in operational and strategic aspect.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of creating health tourism villages as a potential for developing medical tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case study: Yazd province)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
S. S. Hosseini ◽  
M. Tagvayi ◽  
Z. V. Ataev ◽  
V. V. Bratkov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Arc Gis

Aim. The article discusses the current state of medical tourism, problems and prospects in order to assess the obstacles and limitations in creating tourist health villages in the Iranian province of Yazd.Materials and Methods. The data were obtained using the analytical and documentary method with a focus on content analysis and by interviewing and questionnaires of key experts of the region: this allowed the identifation and development indices for the development of medical tourism in the development of health villages.Results. During the first stage, data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA-11 program. In the second stage, the data obtained were studied in order to assess the state of these indices using the SOWAT model. Priorities were then set and the specific weight of obstacles and restrictions was calculated using complex criteria.Conclusions. Poor transportation provision for medical tourists due to the limited number of domestic and international flights, unavailability of treatment and followup after discharge, ineffective insurance legislation and lack of appropriate new legislation were identified as the main obstacles to the development of medical tourism. Accordingly, long-term and short-term strategies should be developed and implemented in accordance with these issues. On the other hand, taking into account the restrictions and obstacles noted, we have proposed locations suitable for building health villages at a minimum distance from Yazd. These are indicated on a map created using the Arc GIS program. During project implementation, strategic objectives were developed.

scholarly journals Evaluating deepwater fisheries management strategies using a mixed-fisheries and spatially explicit modelling framework

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marchal ◽  
Youen Vermard
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Bioeconomic Modelling ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Fleet Dynamics

Abstract Marchal, P., and Vermard, Y. 2013. Evaluating deepwater fisheries management strategies using a mixed-fisheries and spatially explicit modelling framework. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 768–781. We have used in this study a spatially explicit bioeconomic modelling framework to evaluate management strategies, building in both data-rich and data-limited harvest control rules (HCRs), for a mix of deepwater fleets and species, on which information is variable. The main focus was on blue ling (Molva dypterygia). For that species, both data-rich and data-limited HCRs were tested, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used either to tune stock assessments, or to directly trigger management action. There were only limited differences between the performances of both HCRs when blue ling biomass was initialized at the current level, but blue ling recovered more quickly with the data-rich HCR when its initial biomass was severely depleted. Both types of HCR lead, on average, to a long-term recovery of both blue ling and saithe (Pollachius virens) stocks, and some increase in overall profit. However, that improvement is not sufficient to guarantee sustainable exploitation with a high probability. Blue ling CPUE did not always adequately reflect trends in biomass, which mainly resulted from fleet dynamics, possibly in combination with density-dependence. The stock dynamics of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris), black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) and deepwater sharks (Centrophorus squamosus and Centroscymnus coelolepis) were little affected by the type of HCR chosen to manage blue ling.

Dynamic modelling framework to track sediment provenance and solve lakes in long-term landscape evolution models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Gailleton ◽  
Luca Malatesta ◽  
Jean Braun ◽  
Guillaume Cordonnier
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Topological Order ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Many laws have been developed to describe the different aspects of landscape evolution at large spatial and temporal scales. Natural landscapes have heterogeneous properties (lithologies, climates, tectonics, etc.) that are associated with multiple coexisting processes. In turn, this can demand different mathematical expressions to model landscape evolution as a function of time and or space. Landscape Evolution Models are mostly designed to facilitate the combination of different landscape-wide laws in a plug-and-play way and many frameworks are being developed in this aim. However, most current frameworks cannot capture important landscape processes such as lake dynamics and full sediment tracing because they are optimized for speed and handle fluxes separately. Several processes require information from more than the immediate neighboring cells within a time step and demand an integrated knowledge from the entire upstream trajectory. Lakes for example require knowledge of all upstream water and sediment fluxes to be filled. These can only be known if all the laws controlling those have been processed. Tackling these situation with a grid logic requires substantial amount of numerical refactoring from existing models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present an alternative method to tackle landscape evolution modelling in heterogeneous landscapes with a framework inspired from Lagrangian and cellular automaton methods. Our framework only relies on the assumption that upstream nodes needs to be processed before the downstream ones, including lakes with outlets, in order to process all selected governing equations on a pixel-to-pixel basis. This way, we ensure that the true content of sediment and water fluxes can be known and tracked at any points. We first utilise graph theory to (i) find the most comprehensive path to reroute water through depressions and (ii) determine a generic multiple flow topological order (any node is processed after all potential upstream ones). Particles that register and track all fluxes simultaneously can then &quot;roll&quot; on the landscape and merge between each other while interacting with the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This formulation makes possible a number of generic features. (i) The laws can be dynamically adapted to the environment (e.g. switching from single to multiple flow function of water content, adapting erodibility function of the sediment composition and quantity), (ii) Depressions can be explicitly managed, filled (or not) and separated from the rest of the landscape (e.g. sedimentation or evaporation in lakes) as a function function of inputted fluxes and parameters, (iii) full provenance, transport time, and deposition tracking as the particle can always keep in memory where the fluxes are from and in what proportions. In this contribution, we demonstrate the impact the importance of considering these additional elements in landscape evolution. In particular, lake dynamic can significantly impact the long-term signal propagation from source to sink.&lt;/p&gt;

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