Influence of water on the physical properties of olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite

Abstract. The incorporation of water in nominally anhydrous minerals plays a crucial role in many geodynamic processes and evolution of the Earth and affects the physical and chemical properties of the main constituents of the Earth's mantle. Technological advances now allow the transport properties of minerals to be precisely measured under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature (P and T) that closely mimic the P–T conditions throughout much of the Earth's interior. This contribution provides an overview of the recent progress in the experimental studies on the influence of water on physical properties (i.e., diffusivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, sound velocity, and rheology) of olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite together with their applications. In particular, consistency among various experimental data is investigated, discrepancies are evaluated, and confusions are clarified. With such progress in the experimental determination of transport properties of major mantle minerals, we can expect new insights into a broad range of geoscience problems. Many unresolved issues around water inside Earth require an integrated approach and concerted efforts from multiple disciplines.

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1476

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽

Elsa Ramalhosa ◽

Arminda Lopes ◽

Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Activity ◽

Induction Time ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

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Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467421000249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anshu Siwach ◽

Siddhartha Kaushal ◽

Ratul Baishya

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Garhwal Himalayas ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽

Manikandan Ekambaram ◽

Edward Lo ◽

Cynthia Yiu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

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Targeted Alternation in Properties of Solid Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Material in Exposing to Nanosecond Laser Radiation

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 410 ◽

pp. 469-474

Author(s):

Ivan S. Safronov ◽

Alexander I. Ushakov

Keyword(s):

Laser Radiation ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Materials Science ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Energy ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Nanosecond Laser ◽

Processing Modes ◽

Traditional Processing ◽

Physical And Chemical

One of the most important purposes of materials science is the ability to govern the physical properties of materials characterized by different structures. The strength properties of nanostructured metal alloys do not always meet the exploitation requirements. The set of properties of such materials is stable within narrow limits: temperature, mechanical, and corrosion conditions. Traditional processing modes are ineffective for such materials. Attempts to use them often lead to the loss of unique physical and chemical properties. The most effective methods of processing such materials are associated with the use of laser radiation. The laser pulse has a number of features, including a complex effect on the surface layers of the material. Spot and short irradiation with high-energy rays can preserve the unique physical properties of samples as a whole and improve strength indicators without destroying the structure of the material as a whole.

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Study of Relative Metallic Character of Noble Metals Cu, Ag and Au at Normal Temperatures

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1019 ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Priti Kumari ◽

Kumar Saurav ◽

Purushottam Poddar ◽

Vijay Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Metallic Character ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The relative metallic character of noble metals, Cu, Ag & Au has been suggested by their physical and chemical properties. Their position in the metallic series is in the neighborhood of that of Li, Mg and Zn. These Metals are inferior of Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni in metallic character. Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni are inferior to Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Ba and Sr. The noble metals have simple metallic character in physical properties at normal temperatures.

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Multiple linear and spatial regressions to estimate the influence of Latosol properties on black pepper productivity

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1424 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 857-862

Author(s):

Waylson Zancanella Quartezani ◽

Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽

Talita Aparecida Pletsch ◽

Evandro Chaves de Oliveira ◽

Sávio da Silva Berilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Spatial Regression ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Physical And Chemical

There is little knowledge available on the best techniques for transferring spatial information such as stochastic interpolation and multivariate analyses for black pepper. This study applies multiple linear and spatial regression to estimate black pepper productivity based on physical and chemical properties of the soil. A multiple linear regression including all properties of a Latosol was performed and followed by variance analysis to verify the validity of the model. The adjusted variograms and data interpolation by kriging allowed the use of spatial multiple regression with the properties that were significant in the multiple linear regression. The forward stepwise method was used and the model was validated by the F-test. The influence of the Latosol properties was greater than the residual on the prediction of productivity. The model was composed by the physical properties fine sand (FS), penetration resistance (PR), and Bulk density (BD), and by the chemical properties K, Ca, and Mg (except for Mg in the spatial regression). The physical properties were of greater relevance in determining productivity, and the maps estimated by ordinary kriging and predicted by the spatial multiple regression were very similar in shape.

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Preparation and Properties of Composite PAN/PANI Membranes

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2017/3257043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beata Fryczkowska ◽

Zofia Piprek ◽

Marta Sieradzka ◽

Ryszard Fryczkowski ◽

Jarosław Janicki

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Phase Inversion Method ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Polyacrylonitrile Solution ◽

Interesting Solution

The methods of modifying PAN membranes have been known and used for many years. An interesting solution seems to be to give the sensory properties to this type of membranes. This paper presents the results of research on the method of obtaining PAN/PANI membranes using phase inversion method from a solution in DMF, following two methods: (1) dissolving both polymers (PAN and PANI) and then coagulating in water or in an aqueous solution of CSA and (2) forming the membranes from polyacrylonitrile solution and coagulation in water, followed by coating of CSA with a solution of TFE. The membranes obtained as a result of the experiment were tested for physical and chemical properties, transport properties, surface morphology, degree of dispersion of composite components, and sensitivity to the presence of dilute acids and bases. FTIR microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the surface morphology. The sensory properties of membranes that are inherently colored were determined visually and by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, when choosing the method of membrane forming, we can obtain membranes with good physical and chemical and transport properties or ones characterized by high sensitivity to the pH of the solution.

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The Physical Properties and The Extractive Content of Sugar Palm Stem (Arenga pinnata)

Journal of Sylva Indonesiana ◽

10.32734/jsi.v2i1.813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Rudi Hartono ◽

Muhdi ◽

John Parulian Nainggolan

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cold Water ◽

Outer Part ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Hot Water ◽

Extractive Content ◽

Weight Density ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of sugar palm. Physical properties include moisture content, density, and shrinkage from wet to dry oven chemical properties included of extractive solubility in cold and wet solutions. The samples were 15 years of age and originated from Sidikalang, Dairi district, North Sumatra. Three individual samples were taken and cut into 50 cm of length of three types of height namely base, middle, and end. The research was also conducted horizontally (edge, center, and at the core). The results of this study indicated that the average water content was 120.31-603.48%, the specific weight was 0.12-0.51 g/cm3, and the shrinkage from wet to dry oven was 28.06-77.69%. The extractive solubility in cold water was 11.66-87.22%, while in hot water was 10-90%. Based on the specific weight/density obtained, the outer part or edge of the palm sugar was included in the strength classes IV and V.

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Physicochemical Properties of Klutuk banana Leaves (Musa balbisiana Colla) Susu and Wulung Cultivars with its Potential as Antioxidant

Journal of Agri-Food Science and Technology ◽

10.12928/jafost.v1i1.1942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Safinta Nurindra Rahmadhia ◽

Titisari Juwitningtyas

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Musa Balbisiana ◽

Banana Leaves ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Banana Leaf ◽

Potential Use

Banana leaf is mostly used as food packaging materials. The most often used leaf of banana trees is from Klutuk banana. Its leaf is the broadest and most durable among other banana leaf cultivars. However, the research of potential use of Klutuk banana leaf has not much done. In this research, the physical and chemical properties of Klutuk banana leaves will be observed from the very top to the bottom of the tree. Physical properties explored from Klutuk banana leaves are tensile strength, elongation, thickness, and color of the leaf. The leaf then will be extracted using methanol so that its antioxidant properties can be known. The leaf from the third petiole of Klutuk banana susu and wulung cultivars, has the best physical properties, i.e., mechanical, color, and antioxidant activity properties, and is best to use as food packaging material. The most significant activity of antioxidant is found from the first shoot of Klutuk banana susu and wulung leaf cultivars.

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Microwave solid fuel ignition

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2094 (5) ◽

pp. 052054

Author(s):

R V Kondratev

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Ignition Process ◽

Boiler Plant ◽

Microwave Exposure ◽

Unburned Fuel ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract The article continues the study of the effect of microwave exposure on solid fuel. On the basis of the experimental studies, the dependences of changes in the temperature and humidity fields of the fuel on the time of microwave exposure, to arson, have been established. The possibility of using the microwave electromagnetic field to automate the process of burning solid fuel in a boiler plant, afterburning unburned fuel residues is considered. The mechanism and basic conditions of these processes are presented. The influence of this technology on the intensification of the fuel ignition process, its homogenization, an increase in energy characteristics and a change in the elemental composition, an increase in the efficiency of a boiler plant, a decrease in chemical, mechanical underburning and harmful emissions of a boiler plant is considered. The main conditions of the applied technology are: placement of the microwave generator on the combustion device of the boiler unit, the size of the solid fuel samples or its contacting pieces should be less than the wavelength of the microwave electromagnetic field (12.4 cm), the moisture content - within the range from 10 to 95%. The intensification of the process of burning solid fuel also depends on the type of fuel, its physical and chemical properties (various types of coal, wood fuel, including wood waste, peat, and others). Modernization of boiler plants using this technology is possible by unifying projects that take into account the correspondence of microwave generators to the thermal power of boiler units.

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