scholarly journals AN AUTOMATED BOTTOM UP HYDROLOGIC CODING SYSTEM FOR DENDRITIC RIVER SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. X. Dai ◽  
C. M. Li ◽  
P. D. Wu ◽  
Y. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Source Coding ◽  
River System ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Stream Order ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Map Data

Abstract. The hydrologic coding of a dendritic river system can be used to indicate the stream order and spatial-structure features of a river system. However, most conventional hydrologic coding systems use a top down (i.e., from the source to the estuary) approach, which does not accurately reflect the hierarchies of a dendritic river system. Based on Gravelius’ definition of stream order, we have proposed an automated bottom up (i.e., traced from the estuary to the source) coding system for dendritic river systems. Firstly, directed topology trees are constructed to organize the data of a river network, followed by the calculation of stroke connections to construct river entities and identify the main stem. Secondly, the river system is then progressively coded from the estuary up to the source according to the definition of stream order in our system. Finally, actual topographic map data of a river system in some regions of Hubei Province are used to comparatively validate our hydrologic coding system against Horton’s coding system. The experimental results demonstrate that our coding system is very effective in highlighting hierarchies formed by catchment relationships. Our method is also found to be suitable for the selection of streams in topologically shallow dendritic river systems with uniformly distributed tributaries.

scholarly journals Selection Method of Dendritic River Networks Based on Hybrid Coding for Topographic Map Generalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Chengming Li ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Pengda Wu ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Zhaoxin Dai
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
River Network ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Map Generalization ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Hybrid Coding ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Selection Of

As the coding of a dendritic river system can be used to represent the stream order and spatial-structure of a river network, it is always used in river selection, which is a key step in topographic map generalization. There are two categories of conventional hydrological coding systems, one is the top-down approach, and the other is the bottom-up approach. However, the former does not accurately reflect the hierarchies of a dendritic river network, which is produced by catchment relationships, and it is not appropriate for the stream selection of river networks with uniform distributions of tributaries. The latter cannot directly indicate the subtree depth of a stream, and it is not favorable to stream selection of river systems that have topologically deep structures. Therefore, a selection method for dendritic river networks based on hybrid coding is proposed in this paper. First, the dendritic river network is coded through classical top-down Horton coding. Second, directed topology trees are constructed to organize the river network data, and stroke connections are calculated to code the river network in the bottom-up approach. Third, the river network is marked through hybrid usage of the top-down approach and bottom-up approach, and based on the spatial characteristics of the river network, the river network is classified into three kinds of subtrees: deep branch, shallow branch and modest branch. Then, appropriate coding is assigned automatically to different subtrees to achieve river selection. Finally, actual topographic map data of a river system in a region of Hubei Province are used to comparatively validate the hybrid coding system against two existing isolated coding systems. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid coding method is very effective for river network selection, not only in highlighting hierarchies formed by catchment relationships but also in the uniform distribution of tributaries.

Integracja w dezintegracji i dezintegracja w integracji: determinanty mechanizmów integracyjnych w Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-37
Author(s):  
Barbara Curyło
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Differentiated Integration ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

In the discussion on the future of the EU, the topic of differentiated integration has become a strategic issue, with different variants beginning to appear as modus operandi of the European Union, which has become a subject of controversy among Member States. Significantly, the debate on differentiated integration began to be accompanied by reflections on disintegration. This article attempts to define disintegration on the assumption that it should be defined through the prism of integration, and that such a defining process can not be limited to concluding a one-way contrast between disintegration versus integration and vice versa. This is due to the assumption that the European Union is a dichotomous construct in which integration and disintegration mutually exclude and complement each other. This dichotomy is most evident in the definition of integration and disintegration through the prism of Europeanisation top-down and bottom-up processes that generate, reveal, visualize, stimulate integration mechanisms what allows to diagnose their determinants.

scholarly journals Entropic measures of complexity in a new medical coding system

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Niyirora
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Medical Coding ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
New Codes

Abstract Background Transitioning from an old medical coding system to a new one can be challenging, especially when the two coding systems are significantly different. The US experienced such a transition in 2015. Objective This research aims to introduce entropic measures to help users prepare for the migration to a new medical coding system by identifying and focusing preparation initiatives on clinical concepts with more likelihood of adoption challenges. Methods Two entropic measures of coding complexity are introduced. The first measure is a function of the variation in the alphabets of new codes. The second measure is based on the possible number of valid representations of an old code. Results A demonstration of how to implement the proposed techniques is carried out using the 2015 mappings between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM/PCS. The significance of the resulting entropic measures is discussed in the context of clinical concepts that were likely to pose challenges regarding documentation, coding errors, and longitudinal data comparisons. Conclusion The proposed entropic techniques are suitable to assess the complexity between any two medical coding systems where mappings or crosswalks exist. The more the entropy, the more likelihood of adoption challenges. Users can utilize the suggested techniques as a guide to prioritize training efforts to improve documentation and increase the chances of accurate coding, code validity, and longitudinal data comparisons.

scholarly journals Definitions and Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Large Database Studies: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Ying Pin Chua ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Poay Sian Sabrina Lee ◽  
Eng Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Multimorbidity presents a key challenge to healthcare systems globally. However, heterogeneity in the definition of multimorbidity and design of epidemiological studies results in difficulty in comparing multimorbidity studies. This scoping review aimed to describe multimorbidity prevalence in studies using large datasets and report the differences in multimorbidity definition and study design. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases to identify large epidemiological studies on multimorbidity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol for reporting the results. Results: Twenty articles were identified. We found two key definitions of multimorbidity: at least two (MM2+) or at least three (MM3+) chronic conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity MM2+ ranged from 15.3% to 93.1%, and 11.8% to 89.7% in MM3+. The number of chronic conditions used by the articles ranged from 15 to 147, which were organized into 21 body system categories. There were seventeen cross-sectional studies and three retrospective cohort studies, and four diagnosis coding systems were used. Conclusions: We found a wide range in reported prevalence, definition, and conduct of multimorbidity studies. Obtaining consensus in these areas will facilitate better understanding of the magnitude and epidemiology of multimorbidity.

Mapping Poverty Point

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram R. Kidder
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Symmetrical Form ◽  
Perceived Reality ◽  
Map Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Poverty Point

Even though the general configuration of the Poverty Point site has been known for over forty years, the entire site was mapped for the first time in 1999–2000. In this paper we examine how Poverty Point has been portrayed in the archaeological literature. Tracings of stereoscopic aerial photographs were used to construct previous maps of the site. Features that could not be traced because of tree cover were interpolated. Succeeding representations of the site show different features and emphasize the symmetrical form of the site, including the presence of ridges separated by aisles. The 1999–2000 map demonstrates that earlier images of the site overemphasize earthworm symmetry. Our data suggest that the northern aisle does not exist and may have been introduced into earlier maps in order to complete a hypothesized regular site plan. Images of a site like Poverty Point are powerful representations of a perceived reality. For example, existing maps of Poverty Point have been used to bolster claims that the site represents a "great town," with a large population and some kind of centralized leadership. Despite a considerable history of research at Poverty Point map data alone cannot and probably will never provide sufficient evidence to support or reject such a claim. While mapping alone cannot answer questions about the nature of site organization or social behavior, differences between existing images and the current topographic map underscore the need to view maps and pictures of Poverty Point as a means for generating testable hypotheses, rather than an end unto itself.

Chutes and ladders and other games we play with rivers. II. Simulated effects of translocation on white sturgeon

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette I Jager
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
River System ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
River Fragmentation ◽  
Demographic Effects

Restoring connectivity is viewed as an important recovery option for fish species adversely affected by river fragmentation. This simulation study quantified the genetic and demographic effects of translocation on metapopulations of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) inhabiting a series of long (source) and short (sink) river segments. Genetic effects were predictable; upstream translocations increased introgression and downstream translocations had no effect. Demographic results suggest that indiscriminant efforts to reconnect populations may do more harm than good. Simulated river systems with high interspersion of long and short segments and a long segment far upstream tended to benefit most from translocation, but only when narrow screening or downstream passage was also provided below the river segment receiving fish. When combined with narrow screening, upstream translocation to a long segment subsidizing several downstream short segments produced the best results. Downstream passage outperformed narrow screening only when the translocation recipient was a short segment in a river system with low interspersion and no long, upstream river segment. This model-based evaluation of reconnection options has helped to refine ideas about restoring populations in fragmented rivers by predicting which options benefit riverine metapopulations as a whole.

scholarly journals PENGKODEAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENULISAN SASTRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Tsalits Abdul Aziz Al farisi
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Learning Pattern ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
Literary Learning

The purpose of this research is to describe it 1) how is the coding system for creating poetry. 2) how can  student understand objects in the ward then applied to the text of diction. 3) how can students create certain diction in relation to what one imagines. The methods in this research are using quantitatif methods with model design patterns using media as a basis for finding a purpose the study of literature at SMA Kanjeng Sepuh school X class. The result of this study is the observation table of assessments stuents interest in literature especially the poem. On other side of the observation of teacher and student activities carrying out the study of poetry is also a focus quantitatif data results. The conclusion of this study is to find a point of literary learning accuracy through quantitatif measures in coding systems. It needs to be used to find the concrete steps the literary writing learning pattern that currently is of little interest to students.

scholarly journals ĐẶC ĐIỂM HỆ THỐNG SÔNG CỔ VÀ TÁC ĐỘNG NHÂN SINH DỰA TRÊN KẾT QUẢ MÔ HÌNH TIẾN HÓA TỈ LỆ LỚN KHU VỰC CHÂU THỔ SÔNG HỒNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Mai Duc Dong ◽  
Phung Van Phach ◽  
Nguyen Trung Thanh ◽  
Duong Quoc Hung ◽  
Pham Quoc Hiep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
River System ◽  
River Network ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The Simclast model has been verified and applied effectively in simulating the delta development for some major deltas in the world. In this study, we applied the model Simclast for simulating the history of the Red river delta development in late Pleistocene-Holocene. Results of the model reveal that the mainland of study area had reduced rapidly during transgression period (10,000-8,000 BP). The morphology changed significantly in the paleo-Red and Day river systems, but slightly in the paleo Thai Binh river system. The paleo-river network had been active in upper part before 11,000 BP and then shifted seaward until 2,000 BP. The river-sea interaction causes erosion and accumulation; as a result the morphology changed remarkably. The paleo-Thai Binh river had been inactive until 5,500 BP and then it was active but the morphology had not varied remarkably. The recent coastline generated from Simclast is relatively in accordance with the present coastline.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Audio Compression Artifacts

10.14311/906 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Herrera Martinez
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Audio Coding ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Audio Compression ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Signal Processing Techniques

This paper deals with subjective evaluation of audio-coding systems. From this evaluation, it is found that, depending on the type of signal and the algorithm of the audio-coding system, different types of audible errors arise. These errors are called coding artifacts. Although three kinds of artifacts are perceivable in the auditory domain, the author proposes that in the coding domain there is only one common cause for the appearance of the artifact, inefficient tracking of transient-stochastic signals. For this purpose, state-of-the art audio coding systems use a wide range of signal processing techniques, including application of the wavelet transform, which is described here. 

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