scholarly journals Risk Factors and Perceived Restoration in a Town Destroyed by the 2010 Chile Tsunami

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Martínez ◽  
Octavio Rojas ◽  
Paula Villagra ◽  
Rafael Aránguiz ◽  
Katia Sáez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Restorative Environments ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
The 2010 Chile Tsunami ◽  
Chile Tsunami ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract. A large earthquake and tsunami took place in February 2010, affecting a significant part of the Chilean coast (Maule earthquake (Mw = 8.8). Dichato (37° S), a small town located on Coliumo Bay, was one of the most devastated coastal places and is currently under reconstruction. Therefore, the risk factors which explain the disaster at that time as well as perceived restoration 6 years after the event were analyzed in the present paper. Numerical modeling of the 2010 Chile tsunami with four nested grids was applied to estimate the hazard. Physical, socio-economic and educational dimensions of vulnerability were analyzed for pre- and post-disaster conditions. A perceived restoration study was performed to assess the effects of reconstruction on the community and a principal component analysis was applied for post-disaster conditions. The vulnerability factors that best explained the extent of the disaster were housing conditions, low household incomes and limited knowledge about tsunami events, which conditioned inadequate reactions to the emergency. These factors still constitute the same risks as a result of the reconstruction process, establishing that the occurrence of a similar event would result in a similar degree of disaster. For post-earthquake conditions, it was determined that all neighborhoods have the potential to be restorative environments soon after a tsunami. However, some neighborhoods are still located in areas devastated by the 2010 tsunami and present a high vulnerability to future tsunamis. Therefore, it may be stated that these areas will probably be destroyed again in case of future events.

scholarly journals Risk factors and perceived restoration in a town destroyed by the 2010 Chile tsunami

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Martínez ◽  
Octavio Rojas ◽  
Paula Villagra ◽  
Rafael Aránguiz ◽  
Katia Sáez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Restorative Environments ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Nested Grids ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The 2010 Chile Tsunami ◽  
Chile Tsunami

Abstract. A large earthquake and tsunami took place in February 2010, affecting a significant part of the Chilean coast (Maule earthquake, Mw of 8.8). Dichato (37° S), a small town located on Coliumo Bay, was one of the most devastated coastal areas and is currently under reconstruction. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the risk factors that explain the disaster in 2010, as well as perceived restoration 6 years after the event. Numerical modeling of the 2010 Chile tsunami with four nested grids was applied to estimate the hazard. Physical, socioeconomic and educational dimensions of vulnerability were analyzed for pre- and post-disaster conditions. A perceived restoration study was performed to assess the effects of reconstruction on the community. It was focused on exploring the capacity of newly reconstructed neighborhoods to provide restorative experiences in case of disaster. The study was undertaken using the perceived restorativeness scale. The vulnerability variables that best explained the extent of the disaster were housing conditions, low household incomes and limited knowledge about tsunami events, which conditioned inadequate reactions to the emergency. These variables still constitute the same risks as a result of the reconstruction process, establishing that the occurrence of a similar event would result in a similar degree of devastation. For post-earthquake conditions, it was determined that all neighborhoods have the potential to be restorative environments soon after a tsunami. However, some neighborhoods are still located in areas devastated by the 2010 tsunami and again present high vulnerability to future tsunamis.

scholarly journals Customization of Diet May Promote Exercise and Improve Mental Wellbeing in Mature Adults: The Role of Exercise as a Mediator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Lina Begdache ◽  
Cara M. Patrissy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices

Diet, dietary practices and exercise are modifiable risk factors for individuals living with mental distress. However, these relationships are intricate and multilayered in such a way that individual factors may influence mental health differently when combined within a pattern. Additionally, two important factors that need to be considered are gender and level of brain maturity. Therefore, it is essential to assess these modifiable risk factors based on gender and age group. The purpose of the study was to explore the combined and individual relationships between food groups, dietary practices and exercise to appreciate their association with mental distress in mature men and women. Adults 30 years and older were invited to complete the food–mood questionnaire. The anonymous questionnaire link was circulated on several social media platforms. A multi-analyses approach was used. A combination of data mining techniques, namely, a mediation regression analysis, the K-means clustering and principal component analysis as well as Spearman’s rank–order correlation were used to explore these research questions. The results suggest that women’s mental health has a higher association with dietary factors than men. Mental distress and exercise frequency were associated with different dietary and lifestyle patterns, which support the concept of customizing diet and lifestyle factors to improve mental wellbeing.

scholarly journals Geographies of Doing Nothing–Internal Displacement and Practices of Post-Disaster Recovery in Urban Areas of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Alexandra Titz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Secondary Displacement ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Post Disaster

Disaster-related internal displacement is on the rise in many countries and is increasingly becoming an urban phenomenon. For many people, as in the case of the earthquake disaster 2015 in Nepal, protracted or multiple disaster displacements are a lived reality. While the drivers of displacement are relatively well understood, significant uncertainties remain regarding the factors that trigger prolonged or secondary displacement and impede ending of displacement or achieving durable solutions. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and theorise the discourse of reconstruction and return that shapes experiences, strategies, and policies in order to gain a better understanding of the obstacles to pursuing durable solutions that are still shaping the reality of life for urban internally displaced people (IDPs) in Kathmandu Valley. I use the concepts of ‘fields of practice’ and ‘disaster justice’ to provide insights into the theorisation of the links between social inequality, structural forms of governance, and the reconstruction process itself. Findings demonstrate that the application of these concepts has great potential to expand our understanding of ‘realities of life’ and practices of IDPs, and thus contribute to a more differentiated evidence base for the development and implementation of appropriate disaster risk reduction policies and practices.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework Integrating “Building Back Better” and Post-Earthquake Needs for Recovery and Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5608
Author(s):  
Manjiang Shi ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
Baisong Ran ◽  
Lanyan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

Global disasters due to earthquakes have become more frequent and intense. Consequently, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction has become the new normal in the social process. Through post-disaster reconstruction, risks can be effectively reduced, resilience can be improved, and long-term stability can be achieved. However, there is a gap between the impact of post-earthquake reconstruction and the needs of the people in the disaster area. Based on the international consensus of “building back better” (BBB) and a post-disaster needs assessment method, this paper proposes a new (N-BBB) conceptual model to empirically analyze recovery after the Changning Ms 6.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. The reliability of the model was verified through factor analysis. The main observations were as follows. People’s needs focus on short-term life and production recovery during post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Because of disparities in families, occupations, and communities, differences are observed in the reconstruction time sequence and communities. Through principal component analysis, we found that the N-BBB model constructed in this study could provide strong policy guidance in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after the Changning Ms 6.0 earthquake, effectively coordinate the “top-down” and “bottom-up” models, and meet the diversified needs of such recovery and reconstruction.

Analysis of risk factors in the post-disaster of diarrhea in Donggala district, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Rosa Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Diah Mutiarasari ◽  
Miranti ◽  
Indah Puspasari Kyai Demak ◽  
Syahrir A. Pasinringi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Disaster

scholarly journals Practice Framework for the Management of Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction Programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulquadri Bilau ◽  
Emlyn Witt ◽  
Irene Lill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Beneficiary Community ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Practice Framework ◽  
Post Disaster

Despite an international consensus for housing to be “built back better” (BBB) following disasters, and the considerable resources expended on reconstruction efforts globally, the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction programmes often leaves much to be desired. This research presents a framework for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries based on a comprehensive identification of the issues affecting the management of reconstruction programmes and the management measures which have proved effective in mitigating these issues and achieving the desired BBB outcomes. The framework highlights the strategic importance of preparedness measures that should be taken before the next disaster strikes and the cross-cutting nature of capacity building and beneficiary community engagement measures that are essential to all stages of the post-disaster reconstruction process. The research findings are limited to developing countries, as the evidence on which they are based is almost entirely from post-disaster housing experiences in the developing world. The framework may, however, be adapted to different, specific post-disaster reconstruction contexts. This research has compiled, extended and up-dated current knowledge regarding the management of housing reconstruction programmes and it provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Factorial Analysis of the Cardiometabolic Risk Influence on Redox Status Components in Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Klisic ◽  
Nebojsa Kavaric ◽  
Sanja Vujcic ◽  
Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska ◽  
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism

Different byproducts of oxidative stress do not always lead to the same conclusion regarding its relationship with cardiometabolic risk, since controversial results are reported so far. The aim of the current study was to examine prooxidant determinant ((prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB)) and the marker of antioxidant defence capacity (total sulphydryl groups (tSHG)), as well as their ratio (PAB/tSHG) in relation to different cardiometabolic risk factors in the cohort of adult population. Additionally, we aimed to examine the joint effect of various cardiometabolic parameters on these markers, since to our knowledge, there are no studies that investigated that issue. A total of 292 participants underwent anthropometric measurements and venipuncture procedure for cardiometabolic risk factors assessment. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped various cardiometabolic risk parameters into different factors. This analysis was used in the subsequent binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the predictive potency of the factors towards the highest PAB and tSHG values. Our results show that triglycerides, VAI, and LAP were positively and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were negatively correlated with tSHG levels and vice versa with PAB/tSHG index, respectively. On the contrary, there were no independent correlations between each cardiometabolic risk factor and PAB. PCA revealed that obesity-renal function-related factor (i.e., higher WHtR, but lower urea and creatinine) predicts both high PAB ( OR = 1.617 , 95% CI (1.204-2.171), P < 0.01 ) and low tSHG values ( OR = 0.443 , 95% CI (0.317-0.618), P < 0.001 ), while obesity-dyslipidemia-related factor (i.e., lower HDL-c and higher triglycerides, VAI, and LAP) predicts high tSHG values ( OR = 2.433 , 95% CI (1.660-3.566), P < 0.001 ). In conclusion, unfavorable cardiometabolic profile was associated with higher tSHG values. Further studies are needed to examine whether increased antioxidative capacity might be regarded as a compensatory mechanism due to free radicals’ harmful effects.

scholarly journals Benchmarking Community Disaster Resilience in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam K. Aksha ◽  
Christopher T. Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Community Disaster Resilience

Building disaster resilience is a stated goal of disaster risk reduction programs. Recent research emphasizes a need for a greater understanding of community disaster response and recovery capacity so that communities can absorb shocks and withstand severe conditions and progress through the recovery period more efficiently. Nepal, which is prone to a multitude of hazards and having recently experienced a large earthquake in 2015, provides a unique opportunity for exploring disaster resilience in the developing world context. To date, no study investigating community disaster resilience across the entire country of Nepal exists. This study quantifies disaster resilience at Nepal’s village level, primarily using census data. Guided by the Disaster Resilience of Place (DROP) model, 22 variables were selected as indicators of social, economic, community, infrastructure, and environmental resilience. Community resilience was assessed for 3971 village development communities (VDCs) and municipalities while using a principal component analysis. Additionally, a cluster analysis was performed to distinguish spatial patterns of resilience. Analyses reveal differential community disaster resilience across the country. Communities in the capital city Kathmandu and in the western and far western Hill are relatively resilient. While the entire Tarai region, which holds the greatest proportion of Nepal’s population, exhibits relatively low levels of resilience when compared to the rest of the county. The results from this analysis provide empirical evidence with the potential to help decision-makers in the allocation of scarce resources to increase resilience at the local level.

Incremental Value of Arterial Stiffness Over Traditional Risk Factors in Predicting Subclinical Cardiovascular Remodeling in Patients With Moderate Chronic Renal Failure

Angiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian-Razvan Ticulescu ◽  
Olga Vriz ◽  
Lina Sparacino ◽  
Bogdan A Popescu ◽  
Carmen Ginghina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Echo Tracking

Cardiovascular remodeling in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for the high mortality found in this condition. A total of 89 consecutive outpatients with stage III CKD and 52 patients with stage II CKD with similar degree of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors underwent routine echocardiographic and carotid Doppler examination, evaluating vascular and cardiac remodeling (intima—media thickness [IMT] and left ventricular mass index [LVMi]), and its relation with arterial stiffness, determined in the same examination, using an echo-tracking technique. Also the absolute values of LVMi and IMT were statistically similar between the 2 groups, their determinants were completely different, only in stage III the markers of renal impairment and arterial stiffness being independent predictors of cardiac and vascular modifications. We concluded that macroanatomical measurements do not fully describe cardiovascular remodeling in this setting. Arterial stiffness echo-tracking derived could add valuable information, being an easy-to-perform parameter during a routine examination.

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