scholarly journals Alternative solutions for public and private catastrophe funding in Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Insurance Markets ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
The One

Abstract. The impacts of natural hazards as well as their frequency of occurrence during the last decades have increased decisively. Therefore, the public as well as the private sector are expected to react to this development by providing sufficient funds, in particular for the improvement of protection measures and an enhanced funding of damage compensation for affected private individuals, corporate and public entities. From the public stance, the establishment of an appropriate regulatory environment seems to be indispensable. Structural and legal changes should, on the one hand, renew and improve the current distribution system of public catastrophe funds as well as the profitable investment of these financial resources, and on the other hand, facilitate the application of alternative mechanisms provided by the capital and insurance markets. In particular, capital markets have developed alternative risk transfer and financing mechanisms, such as captive insurance companies, risk pooling, contingent capital solutions, multi-trigger products and insurance securitisation for hard insurance market phases. These instruments have already been applied to catastrophic (re-)insurance in other countries (mainly the US and off-shore domiciles), and may contribute positively to the insurability of extreme weather events in Austria by enhancing financial capacities. Not only private individuals and corporate entities may use alternative mechanisms in order to retain, thus, to finance certain risks, but also public institutions. This contribution aims at analysing potential solutions for an improved risk management of natural hazards in the private and the public sector by considering alternative mechanisms of the capital and insurance markets. Also the establishment of public-private-partnerships, which may contribute to a more efficient cat funding system in Austria, is considered.

Requalification of Old Places in Brussels: Increasing Density, Improving Urbanity

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Priscilla Ananian ◽  
Bernard Declève
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Local Functions ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The One

Brussels Capital Region has to deal with urban conflicts arising from the different kinds of land uses. On the one hand the process of metropolisation has intensified the inner city's land use through residential, economic and urban development and on the other hand this same process has contributed to the expansion and sprawling of the city beyond its administrative borders. The city's main challenge is to ensure the cohabitation of different urban forms and densities in a multi-scale level related to metropolitan and local functions (Ananian P. 2010). Brussels, originally an industrial city, has become an administrative centre, generating a series of disaffected areas. Urban regeneration and sustainable development policies aim to improve the standard of living through urban, social and economic enhancements. Indeed, these policies deal with the construction, renovation and requalification of obsolete areas into new dwelling complexes. In this context, the present article shows the results of a broader research commissioned by the Brussels Capital Region on residential densification between 1989 and 2007(Declève B. Ananian P. et al 2009). Through the analysis of this inventory, we have identified three main techniques concerning the requalification of old places into residential uses: firstly the reurbanisation of brownfields generated by the delocalisation of large facilities; secondly the requalification and reconversion of isolated buildings (abandoned and obsolete industrial and office buildings) and last but not least, the recycling of terrains merged into the urban fabric of old neighbourhoods. Following two methodological approaches (morphological observation and analysis of social perception), this research has shown us that, in the last twenty years of housing production in Brussels, the main abandoned buildings and sites that were available were requalified, increasing density and improving urbanity through the diversity of the urban forms adopted for the public and private spaces.

Contradictory Policies of Neoliberalizing India

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Waquar Ahmed ◽  
Ipsita Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Global North ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Employment Guarantee

This paper examines the tensions and contradictions within the Indian state in its production of socio-economic policies. Pressure of global governance institutions, multinational corporations, and neoliberal states of the global North that back such corporations, have been instrumental in the production of -friendly economic policy in India. Additionally, in representing the interest of the national bourgeois, the Indian state has been receptive to ideas that favor marketization of the economy. However, public pressure, where the poor constitute the majority of the Indian population, has compelled the Indian state to also strengthen welfare. In examining this contradiction of the simultaneous production of neoliberal and welfare policy, we analyze the case of the public distribution system (which is being marketized) on the one hand, and the employment guarantee scheme (that demonstrates strengthening of welfare) on the other.

scholarly journals Complaint Redressal Practices in Public and Private Insurance Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 369-374
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Insurance Industry ◽  
Regulations And Guidelines

The life insurance industry of India has 23 licenses -holders running their business in this sector. The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI), which is the only player in the public sector, the remaining area is covered by the 22 private sector companies. IRDAI has taken initiatives to provide effective grievance handling machinery to address the grievances of policyholders. Consumer dispute Redressal agency is efficient for handling complaints and easily accessible. This paper examines the regulations and guidelines framed by IRDAI for effective grievance handling and the study would provide some insights into the areas, specifically status of grievances in public and private life insurance companies (LIC, SBI, HDFC, Reliance Life and Bajaj Allianz) and the functioning of consumer dispute Redressal agencies of life insurance sectors.

Nature-based solutions must be realized - not just proclaimed - in face of climatic extremes

Erdkunde ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Beierkuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Future

Natural hazards resulting from climate change are increasing in frequency and intensity. As this is not a linear trend but rather by singularities and anomalies including a broad spectrum of climatic and weather extremes with high temporal and spatial uncertainty, focused avoidance strategies are difficult to prepare. However, the effects of climate change are mostly addressed with outdated ‘business as usual’ approaches by governments and most stakeholders, which are unfit to tackle the complexity of current challenges. Coping action for natural hazards is mostly undertaken during and after such events compensating damage through payments and restoration. In the future, pro-active nature-based solutions are needed for risk mitigation and avoiding severe damage through enhancing all facets of biodiversity from species richness, structural roughness, to spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems. This will not avoid extreme weather events, but it will reduce the damage of increasingly appearing natural hazards. However, this strategy cannot be implemented all of a sudden. Long-term and spatial concepts are needed. For this purpose, currently missing governance structures based on geographical, geoscientific, ecological, meteorological, and societal expertise should be installed. In recent years, a good scientific and knowledge basis for the required solutions has been developed, which now must translate into action. Here, a series of suggestions is compiled for a broad spectrum of extreme events and societal fields, which is far from being complete but should stimulate critically needed creativity and commitment. Nature-based solutions will not deliver a complete protection and cannot be the only kind of action, but we can no longer rely on post-disaster compensation or on the safety illusion of mere engineering and construction works. The efficiency of biodiversity as an insurance for maintaining ecosystem services is well understood. The implementation of nature-based adaptation, coping, and protection measures is less expensive than traditional end-of-the-pipe constructions. It requires an in-depth understanding of interacting processes and trans-disciplinary cooperation based on a broad acceptance in the public. Investments into these solutions would pay off, not tomorrow, but in the future. It is the best sustainable and feasible approach for disaster prevention.

scholarly journals Brazilian university technology transfer to rural areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2243-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Scott Allen Senseman
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
The One

In agriculture, there is a difference between average yield obtained by farmers and crop potential. There is technology available to increase yields, but not all farmers have access to it and/or use this information. This clearly characterizes an extension and technology transference problem. There are several technology transfer systems, but there is no system to fit all conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to create extension solutions according to local conditions. Another rural extension challenge is efficiency, despite continuous funding reductions. One proposal that has resulted from extension reform worldwide has suggested integration between the public and private sectors. The public universities could play the role of training and updating technical assistance of human resources, which is the one of the main aspects that has limited technology transfer. The objective of this study was to identify approaches to promote technology transfer generated in Brazilian public universities to rural areas through literature review. An experimental approach of technology transfer is presented here where a Brazilian university extension Vice-chancellor incorporates professionals from consolidated research groups according to demand. In this way, public universities take part of their social functions, by integrating teaching, research, and extension.

scholarly journals LEADING PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH TECHNOLOGIES MARKET

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Chlivickas ◽  
Neringa Petrauskaitė ◽  
Nikolaj Ambrusevič
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
National Economies ◽  
High Technologies

High technologies development has strategic importance to improving regional EU and national economies effectiveness and assuring a country's competitiveness. This is especially a key priority for small countries that do not have many natural and material resources, as well as labour force. Therefore, in the article the specifics of high technologies development that derives from exceptional high technologies features is analysed. These specific features of high technologies influence the rise of specific characteristics of high technologies market. Thus, the article aims to set leading priorities for a successful development of high technologies business in Lithuania. Development of the high technologies business depends first of all on development of the high technologies market. The success of developing high technologies depends on implementation of the ‘ triple helix’ model covering integration of the public and private sector as well as science. The most successful’ triple helix’ model for high technologies development is the one where the highest degree of cooperation between authorities, industry and academic public is indicated. Therefore the article establishes the implementation of the ‘ triple helix’ as a leading priority for high technologies development in Lithuania.

Productivity Growth Assessment of Public and Private Sector General Insurance Companies in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Abhijit Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
High Level ◽  
Growth Assessment

The researcher in this paper has looked into the general insurance industry in India opening up of the sector to the private players in 2000. The objective of the study is to determine the total factor productivity growth in the general insurance industry in India. The study is based on the analysis of data covering twelve general insurers (including four from the public sector) for the period 2004-05 to 2011-12. For the purpose of growth assessment, Malmquist Index is computed that is composed of two components: Technical progress and technological progress. From the study, it is observed that a high level of inconsistency exists in the industry. The overall growth during the study period has been minimal. The technological change shows a negative growth in the case of all the insurers. Whatever growth is observed is due to the efficiency improvement, thereby implying movement towards the frontier.

VARIATION OF VIEW ON ENGLISH LEGAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-711
Author(s):  
J. W. F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Public Law ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
State Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The debate about distinguishing public law and private law has been wide-ranging and variously focused. It has contributed to a paradox (or contradiction) in legal thinking, described by Peter Cane in his contribution to Public Law in a Multi-Layered Constitution. On the one hand, Cane stresses that the distinction between public and private “seems alive and well”––manifest, inter alia, in judicial review procedure and the establishment of an Administrative Court in England, in EC law (demarcating the scope of directives with direct effect), in the provisions applicable to public authorities in the Human Rights Act 1998, in the “state action” doctrine of the US Supreme Court, and in the statutory demarcation of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal's jurisdiction in Australia. On the other hand, he stresses the extent of scholarly criticism of the distinction––that it is outmoded, descriptively inaccurate or normatively undesirable. In his view, the resolution of the paradox lies in recognition that “the supporters and the opponents of the public/private distinction are talking about different things”. He concludes that, for its opponents, as a result of institutional and functional hybridisation, “the distinction misrepresents the way power is distributed and exercised” but that, for its supporters, “it embodies an attractive normative theory of the way power ought to be distributed and its exercise controlled”. In his presentation of the paradox and its resolution, Cane thus brings together various views and distinctions––English, American and Australian––and suggests that a contrast between descriptive criticism and normative evaluation is crucial to understanding the public/private debate. By the breadth and inclusivity of his analysis, however, he also brings into question the desirability of unitary analytical treatment of various distinctions in various contexts, supported and opposed by people talking about “different things”.

scholarly journals Ageing, ageism, and lost honor: Narratives of Arab elders in Israel

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Shlomit Manor
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Israel Experience ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Arab Men

This study examines how Arab elders in Israel experience old age and speak about ageism, old age, and loss of honor. Interviews were conducted with 25 Arab men and women, both Muslims and Christians, between the ages of 63 and 86. The findings indicate that despite Arab society being a familial and traditional society, informants experience ageism and feelings of loss of respect and status in both the public and private spheres. The findings reveal a multilayered discourse, inconsistent and incoherent, riddled with internal contradictions about honor, exclusion, ageism, and its absence. This discourse reflects Arab society’s ambivalence about the ongoing processes of modernization on the one hand, and the desire to preserve traditional family values and the status of older populations on the other. The issue of ageism within Arab society in Israel has not thus far drawn much attention in the field of gerontological research, and this study therefore aims to fill this gap.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Economic and Health-Care Impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on Public and Private Dental Surgeries in Spain: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Chamorro-Petronacci ◽  
Carmen Martin Carreras-Presas ◽  
Adriana Sanz-Marchena ◽  
María A Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
José María Suárez-Quintanilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Objectives: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is an ongoing public health challenge, also for the dentistry community. The main objective of this paper was to determine the economic and health-care impact of COVID-19 on dentists in the Autonomous Region of Galicia (Spain). Methods: This was a descriptive observational study in which the data was collected by means of a self-administered survey (from 1 April 2020 to 30 April 2020). Results: A total of 400 dentists from Galicia responded to the survey. Only 12.3% of the participants could obtain personal protective equipment (PPE) including FFP2 masks. Of the male respondents, 33.1% suffered losses >€15,000 compared to 19.4% of female respondents (OR = 3.121, p < 0.001). Economic losses seem to have contributed to the applications for economic help as 29.5% of the respondents who applied for this measure recorded losses in excess of €15,000 (p = 0.03). Patients complained more about the fact that only emergency care was available during the State of Alarm, in dental surgeries that do not work with insurance companies or franchises. Only 4 professionals tested positive, 50% of whom worked exclusively in private practice and the other 50% who practised in both private and public surgeries. Dentists who practise in the public sector saw more urgent patients per week than those practising in private surgeries (p = 0.013). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had economic repercussions in dentistry as only urgent treatment was available during the State of Alarm. These repercussions seem to be higher in male participants, as the majority of the participants have revealed higher economic losses than females. The level of assistance has also been affected, reducing the number of treated patients, although this quantity has been different in private and public surgeries. By presenting these findings we look to highlight the role that dentists play in society in treating dental emergencies in our surgeries, and this must be recognised and addressed by the relevant authorities, who must provide PPEs as a priority to this group as well as providing special economic aid in accordance with the losses incurred by the sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document