scholarly journals Uptake of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Tajikistan: An assessment of individual determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Kasymova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Over the past decade, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Tajikistan increased significantly, with women particularly vulnerable to acquiring HIV. This research assessed individual determinants associated with HIV testing among women of reproductive age.Methods: Secondary data analysis was done using data from 5,867 females aged 15–49 years. Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate analysis were applied to find associations between women's socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health variables, and HIV testing uptake.Results: Overall, only 26% (1,501) of women in the present research reported HIV testing in the past. Multiple regression indicated that HIV testing was significantly associated with participants' age (25–34 age group: OR 0.7, p ≤ 0.001; 35–49 age group: OR 0.2, p ≤ 0.001), education (OR 2.2, p ≤ 0.001), area of residence (OR 0.6, p ≤ 0.001), marital status (OR 2.4, p ≤ 0.001), HIV knowledge (OR 1.1, p ≤ 0.001), and pregnancy history (OR 6.7, p ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: Results of this research suggest that there is a need for culturally acceptable interventions, including outreach to increase the overall HIV testing rate among women in Tajikistan.

Cannabis Growers in the United States: Findings From a National Household Survey 2010−2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110004
Author(s):  
Alejandro Azofeifa ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula ◽  
Margaret E. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Using Data

Given the rapidly changing U.S. cannabis legislation landscape, the aim of this article is to describe individuals who self-reported growing cannabis in the past year by selected characteristics and geographical location. Using data from 2010 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted bivariate chi-square tests and ran a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the indicators associated with growing cannabis. Approximately, 484,000 individuals aged 12+ self-reported growing cannabis in the past year (1.6% of marijuana users). Predictors of growing cannabis included being male and self-reported reporting using cannabis for a greater number of days. Data showed differences in the proportion of cannabis growers by the state of residence. Obtaining a baseline estimate of cannabis growing practices prior to recreational cannabis markets emerging (2014) is important because such practices may undermine efforts to discourage diversion to youth. Tracking these acquisition patterns will better inform content for public health messaging and prevention education, particularly those targeting youth.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
Robert Hilsden
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Very High

Longobardi and colleagues examined the effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on employment, using data from 10,891 respondents aged 20 to 64 years from the 1998 cycle of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) (1). This sample included 187 (1.7%) subjects who self-reported IBD or a similar bowel disorder. A significantly greater proportion of IBD than non-IBD respondents reported that they were not in the labour force (28.9% versus 18.5%). Even after adjusting for other factors (age group, level of pain, etc), subjects with IBD had a 2.9% higher nonparticipation rate (21.4%). For example, among people not hospitalized within the past year and with no limitation of activities due to pain, IBD subjects were 1.2 times more likely to be unemployed than those without IBD. Subjects who reported high levels of pain had a very high probability of being out of the labour force. Based on Canadian annual compensation data for all employed persons in Canada, and age- and sex-specific prevalence, and incidence rates for IBD, the authors estimated that there are 119,980 IBD patients between the ages of 20 and 64 years in Canada and that this group includes 3479 people who are not in the labour force. This translates into lost wages of $104.2 million, or $868 per IBD patient

scholarly journals Prevalensi Kanker Serviks Berdasarkan Paritas di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septia Haryani ◽  
Defrin Defrin ◽  
Yenita Yenita
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
High Parity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Age Of Majority

AbstrakKanker serviks menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian akibat kanker pada wanita usia reproduktif di negara berkembang. Jumlah paritas di Sumatera Barat masih cukup tinggi, paritas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks yang berhubungan dengan hormon dan trauma saat persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kanker serviks berdasarkan jumlah paritas di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik pasien kanker serviks di RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2013 - Juni 2014. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 63 kasus kanker serviks. Distribusi kanker serviks berdasarkan umur terbanyak pada kelompok umur >50 tahun sebanyak 27 kasus (42,9%), berdasarkan jenis pembayaran pasien kanker serviks banyak memakai jamkesmas sebanyak 21 kasus (38,1%), jenis histopatologi terbanyak ditemukan pada jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa sebanyak 46 kasus (73%) dan jumlah paritas yang terbanyak pada kelompok paritas 3-5 kali sebanyak 40 kasus (63,5%). Umur dan paritas tidak ada hubungannya dengan jenis kanker serviks.Paritas bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks.Kata kunci: kanker serviks, paritas, histopatologi AbstractThe cervical cancer is the  first rank cause of cancer death in women of reproductive age in developing countries. The number of parity in West Sumatera is still high, parity is one of the risk factors for cervical cancer relating to hormone and birth trauma. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of cervical cancer based on parity in  Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This research was descriptive observational study. Secondary data was taken from medical record of cervical cancer patients in Dr. M.Djamil Hospital Padang from January 2011 until  December 2012. The study was held from October 2013 until June 2014.The research found 63 cases of cervival cancer. Distribution cervical cancer by the age of majority in the age group >50 years old were 27 cases (42,9%), based on kind of payment is mostly used jamkesmas were 21 cases (38,1%), based on histopathology of majority on squamous cell carcinoma is 46 cases (73%) and based on the highest number of parity is the parity group 3-5 were 40 cases (63,5%). People’s age and parity are not related to the type of cervical cancer. Parity is not a risk factor of having cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, parity, histopathology

scholarly journals Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with never having tested for HIV among sexually active men across the four administrative regions of Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otim Jude ◽  
Otim Nelson ◽  
Igeme Katagwa
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background HIV testing among men is paramount in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV. There is limited literature in understanding the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with never having tested for HIV among sexually active men aged 15 – 54 across the four administrative regions of Uganda. The purpose of this study is to investigate the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with never having tested for HIV among sexually active men aged 15 – 54 across the four administrative regions in the country. Methods The study used a cross-sectional research design to examine factors associated with never having tested for HIV among 4,168 sexually active men (15 – 54 years) across four administrative regions of Uganda using data from 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). Frequency distributions, Pearson chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to establish the association between never having tested for HIV among sexually active men (15 – 54 years) and selected independent variables across regions. Results About 20% of sexually active men (15 – 54 years) never tested for HIV across regions of the country. The major correlates amidst variability of never testing for HIV among sexually active men across regions were; educational level and marital status. Age, religious status, wealth quintile, worked in the last 12 months, circumcised, and one sexual partner in the last 12 months were only correlates of never having tested for HIV among respondents in particular regions of the country. Conclusion Findings in the study suggest promotion of male education, and suggest further investigation into the relationship between HIV non-testing among sexually active men (15 – 54 years) and being married across regions of the country. The study also proposes appreciation of regional differences in the outcome of HIV non-testing and suggests that efforts be focused on addressing regional differences in order to attain high HIV testing among sexually active men (15 – 54 years) across regions of Uganda, and thus reduce HIV related morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals A clinical study on ectopic pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Mamata Soren ◽  
Ranjita Patnaik ◽  
Bismoy Kumar Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surgical Emergencies ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency; therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the unruptured ectopic pregnancy such that timely intervention will prevent morbidity and mortality Today with availability of monoclonal β-HCG, high resolution transvaginal scan and laparoscopy it is possible to make early diagnosis even before rupture.Methods: Prospective study of two years duration with sample of 72 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy observed and treated out of total 20193 pregnant women admitted were included in this study.Results: The incidence was 0.36%, maximum between the age group of 26-30 years (33.3%). Risk factors were tubectomy (30.56%), D and C (6.94%), PID (5.6%), previous ectopic (1.39%), IUCD (2.78%). The typical triad of amenorrhoea, pain abdomen and bleeding was observed in 54.2% of cases. 19 patients were brought in shock (26.4%). Ultrasonography done in 56 cases.Conclusions: There is an increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy but a decrease in maternal mortality during the past two decades. Although the early diagnostic tools were available, we had to manage most of our patients as surgical emergencies, as they were brought late in the trial, with established diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Physicians should be sensitive to the fact that in the reproductive age group any women presenting with pain in the lower abdomen, diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy should be entertained irrespective of the presence or absence of amenorrhoea, whether or not she has undergone sterilization. 

scholarly journals The smoking behavior of women of reproductive age in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari ◽  
Aakriti Wagle ◽  
Min Raj Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Analysis

Smoking, the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, which is more detrimental to women not only increases the chances of infertility and miscarriage, but hastens the onset of menopause and causes women to be more susceptible to depression, decreased bone density, cataracts, and skin diseases. This paper investigates the smoking behavior and factors influencing smoking among women of reproductive age in Nepal. The study used secondary data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 12,862 women of the reproductive age group were covered in the survey. The association between smoking and the explanatory variables was first assessed in bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The associations were further explored using multivariate logistic analysis. Nearly two-fifths (38%) of women were aged 15-24 years. Overall, 8% of women used tobacco products (smoking/chewing). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged 35 and above were almost seven times (aOR=6.52, CI=4.75-8.94) to be smokers than younger women. Separated/divorced/widowed women were nearly twice (aOR=1.86, CI=1.14-3.01) as likely to be smokers than their counterparts. Education is a significant predictor of smoking as women having primary (aOR=0.65, CI=0.54-0.78) and secondary/higher education (aOR=0.21, CI=0.16-0.26) were less likely to smoke than women with no education. Dalit women were nearly two times more likely to be smokers than higher caste Brahmin/Chhetri. Similarly, the richest and richer women were less likely to smoke than the poorest women. Age, education, marital status, caste/ethnicity, and wealth index were significant determinants of smoking among women. Hence, tobacco control interventions need to be focused on women of higher age groups and uneducated and poorer women. 

scholarly journals Is Amoxicillin The Drug Of Choice In Dentoalveolar Abscess - A Hospital based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244
Author(s):  
Shreya Svitlana Anand ◽  
Hemavathy Muralidoss ◽  
Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Using Data

The aim of the study was to identify if amoxicillin is the drug of choice for dentoalveolar abscess. The retrospective evaluation was conducted using data provided by a private hospital. 86000 patients had reported to the outpatient department, a private hospital between June 2019 and March 2020, and the data was collected and analyzed. Patients diagnosed with dentoalveolar abscess were selected for the study. The antibiotic prescribed for treatment was recorded. A retrospective analysis was done based on the collected data. The data was entered in a methodical manner [serial number, name, age, gender, tooth number. Statistical analysis was performed in the statistical software SPSS and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. The retrospective study consisted of 27 subjects infected with Dentoalveolar Abscess. In this study we observed that 100% of the patients affected with dentoalveolar abscess were prescribed Amoxicillin and the most affected individuals among the study population belonged to the young adult population (age group 18-35 years) [51.85%], followed by patients aged 36-55 years [33.33%] and least affected belonging to age group 56-75 years [14.81%]. Around 74.07% of the population were prescribed Amoxicillin alone, 18.51% have prescribed a combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole, followed by 7.4% of the study population were prescribed the combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid. Within the limits of this study, we find that the drug prescribed for Dentoalveolar abscess in a private dental hospital is predominantly Amoxicillin. Hence, we conclude that amoxicillin is the drug of choice for dentoalveolar abscesses.

scholarly journals Uptake of HIV testing and counseling among tertiary institution students in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Agamlor ◽  
Lilian Pencille ◽  
Prosper Lutala ◽  
Derick Akompab Akoku ◽  
Elvis Tarkang
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counselling

HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC) is a critical strategy to reduce the rate of new HIV infections and the key entry point to HIV treatment, care and support services. This study aimed to determine the uptake of HTC among students of tertiary institutions in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data among a proportionate stratified sample of students from tertiary institutions. Chi-square and Logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata version 12.0 at the 0.05 level of significance. Only 30.6% of the total respondents had ever tested for HIV/AIDS of which, only 22.9% tested less than 6 months before the current study. Students above twenty-four years of age were 3 times more likely to go for HTC than those below 20 years [OR=2.56 (95% CI: 1.07-6.11; p=0.034)]; those in the fourth year of study were 3 times more likely get HTC than those in the first year [OR=3.05 (95%CI: 1.10-8.49; p=0.033)]; and those attending THERESCO, the Midwifery training college and UHAS were more than 2 times more likely to get tested for HIV than those attending FRANCO [OR =2.67 (95% CI: 1.14-6.15; p=0.024)], [OR=2.40 (95% CI: 1.04-5.54; p=0.040)] and [OR=2.63 (95% CI: 1.13-6.13; p=0.026)] respectively. The uptake of HTC among tertiary institution students in Hohoe municipality was considerably low. Policymakers should design programs and interventions that would increase uptake of HTC among tertiary students, with focus on those aged less than 20 years, those at the lower level of study and those in the non-health related institutions.

scholarly journals Residence and young women’s comprehensive HIV knowledge in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽  
Melese Abate Reta ◽  
Gillian H. Ice ◽  
Zelalem T. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health problem. The epidemic is very serious in sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 70% of the global cases. The disease particularly affects youth, accounting for half of the new HIV infections yearly. Inadequate knowledge may contribute to the high rates among youth. Hence, the main aim of this study was to examine the association between residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge among women aged 15–24 years in Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey (n = 5926). Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression modeling were performed. Results Approximately 23.9% of the study participants had a comprehensive HIV knowledge and 74.7% were rural residents. In the multivariable-adjusted model, we found a significant interaction between place of residence and HIV testing on comprehensive HIV knowledge (P for interaction = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant associations between place of residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge was found only in women who have never been tested for HIV. In this subgroup, rural women had lower odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge compared to their urban counterparts (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23–0.74; P = 0.003). Furthermore, in the subgroup of women who have never been tested for HIV, education and region were significantly associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge. Compared to women with no education, the odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were higher in women who had primary (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.63–5.02; P < 0.001) and secondary or above education (OR 5.49, 95% CI: 2.92–10.32; P < 0.001), respectively. The odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were lower in women from the Somali region compared to women from Addis Ababa region (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.90; P = 0.027). Conclusions Rural residence was negatively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge only in women who have never been tested for HIV. These findings suggest that the development and implementation HIV education and awareness programs should target rural areas, especially where there is limited access to HIV testing.

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