scholarly journals Globalization and Conflict: Welfare, Distribution,and Political Unrest

1999 ◽  
pp. 325-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranveig Gissinger ◽  
Nels Petter Gleditsch
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

The consequences of globalization for the development of a more peaceful world remain highly controversial. This article seeks to clarify the impact that the globalization of the economy may have on civil war and political instability. Liberals argue that countries heavily dependent on the global economy (whether measured by trade or investment) are likely to experience higher economic growth, greater affluence, more democracy, and increasingly peaceful conditions at home and abroad. In stark contrast, most dependency theorists argue that high levels of trade and investment tend to generate greater economic inequality. Relative deprivation theory suggests that such inequality will increase the risk of political instability. From these two broad perspectives, a set of hypotheses is developed and tested on a global dataset for the period 1965-93. The consequences of an open economy prove to be quite complex. A high level of trade does generate more domestic peace; at the same time, direct foreign investment also creates conditions conducive to political instability. However, the consequences of trade are dependent on what is being exported. Exports of manufactured goods create high levels of welfare and equality, while exports of agricultural products promote poverty and inequality. Inequality emerges as but one of many factors which lead to political instability.

The impact of exchange rate on price and export of agricultural production

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Rasulov Tulkin Sattarovich ◽  
Khushvaktov Kuvonchbek Ravshanovich
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
International Trade Laws ◽  
The Impact

In today’s world of swiftly increasing global economy and continuously changing international trade laws and technology exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the production, price formation, export and import of agricultural products. For many years exchange rate as an integral part of agricultural economics has been ignored. The present study was intended to investigate exchange rate as an impacting factor on the agricultural production. It also considers the researches that have been carried about the impact of the exchange rate on prices and export of agricultural products, theirs analyses and how much impact it has in the situation of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals The Global Economic Impact of Terrorism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dumitru-Mihai Luca
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Effects Of Violence ◽  
The Impact

In general, when analyzing the costs of armed conflict, the literature most often relates to civil wars or interstate conflicts. The moment of September 11, 2001 marked the beginning of a new concern in the economy, namely the economic cost of terrorism. Terrorism is a form of conflict in which acts of violence are directed at non-combatants or civilians who are usually unrelated to the political target of the group that committed it. This article analyzes existing data on the costs of terrorist acts that are committed by non-state parties or subnational groups. In this article, we will also look at the impact that terrorism has on the world economy (including both developed and underdeveloped states). We will find that although it has a significant impact on the global economy, the most devastating effects of violence are felt by underdeveloped economies whose poverty and inequality do not allow for a rapid and sustained response to terrorism.

The Influence of Economic and Institutional Factors on the Development of Entrepreneurship in the Regions of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Pivnitskaya ◽  
Sergey A. Perekhod
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents an empirical analysis of the impact of the political and economic consequences of financial crises on the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia. Entrepreneurship development contributes to economic growth and can play an important role in stimulating long-term sustainable development, as well as reducing unemployment by creating jobs. The data sample of the study covers the period from 2006 to 2016. Two groups of indicators are considered: institutional and economic. The first group includes indicators of the effectiveness of the judicial system and the level of criminality. The second group includes indicators characterizing the degree of integration of the Russian companies into the global economy. In addition, the indicators of the quality of social infrastructure, the degree of intercompany competition, market density and some others are taken into account. Model assessment is based on the OLS method. This paper shows that the effectiveness of the judicial system in resolving disputes related to non-compliance with contracts and non-payment of debts does not affect the business development in Russia. However, one of the main problems faced by Russian business owners is the high level of corruption. Moreover, the weak diversification of the Russian economy is a key factor in the negative impact of external economic shocks. We found a significant role of factors like the size of the internal regional market and the share of residents connected to the Internet. The latter factor shows that at present information technologies play an important role in modern Russian business, creating additional opportunities for expanding existing businesses as well as creating new ones. We came to the conclusion that the problem of corruption is growing, as a significant barrier to companies entering the market.

scholarly journals Institutional risks of financial inclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Valeria Kornivska ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a research on the current processes of financial inclusion, substantiates the concept of financial inclusion and its world level, and systematizes the existing theoretical-methodological and empirical approaches to determining its role for sustainable development. Based on the analysis of fundamental conditions and current factors of intensification of financial inclusion, the author substantiates the real purpose and consequences of the introduction of digital financial inclusion in national economies and in the global economy and shows the role of global financial institutions in these processes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of financial inclusion on solving the problems of poverty and inequality in society. It is shown that modern financial inclusion does not serve the interests of the majority, but rather the interests of a clearly limited circle of representatives of the global economic and financial elite by creating conditions for the invariance of financial inclusion for ordinary economic agents. The author argues that the main long-term institutional risk of global financial inclusion and non-cash circulation is the consent to the loss of financial freedom by market participants in the face of growing uncertainty in economic and social life and poverty.

South Africa’s International Trade

2021 ◽  
pp. 440-466
Author(s):  
Lawrence Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Tariff Reform ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Tariff Liberalization ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Impact

This chapter uses South Africa’s integration in the global economy as a lens to understand the dynamics behind South Africa’s current economic performance. It first presents the historical context, commencing from the country’s position as a gold exporter pursuing an import substitution industrialization strategy, to its transition to a more open economy with the ending of sanctions and tariff liberalization from the early 1990s. The focus then shifts to a critical assessment of South Africa’s trade performance and trade policy in the post-apartheid period. This covers the impact of government policies, such as the multilateral tariff liberalization from 1994 to 2000, preferential tariff reform from 2000 and sector-driven industrial policy from 2007, as well as the dramatic changes in the global trading order—the rise of China from 2001, and the emergence of global value chains. To illustrate these relationships, the chapter draws on new insights using disaggregated product- and firm-level trade data.

scholarly journals Taiwan’s new southbound policy: the cooperation and exchanges of human resources and the impacts on the education cooperation between Taiwan and Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Phan Thi Anh Dao
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
High Level ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

The economic boom in the 1970s has allowed Taiwan to rise as one of the ``four dragons'' in East Asia. In the late 1990s, the Taiwanese government set up a ``Go South policy'' to strengthen and expand the relationships in trade and investment between Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam. The results gained from the process of implementing the ``Go South policy'' have paved the way for the birth of the ``New Southbound Policy''. In 2016, President Tsai Ing-wen initiated the ``New Southbound Policy''. This policy is people-centered, actively promotes bilateral exchanges and cooperation between Taiwan and countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia in the fields of human resources, manufacturing, and investment. education, culture, tourism, agriculture..., in which special attention is paid to cooperation in education - training and high-level human resource exchange. This policy will create significant impacts on Vietnam's overall relationship with Taiwan, especially in the field of education and human resource development. In Taiwan's perception, Vietnam is the first choice because this is a country with stable economic development, large market ownership and diverse consumer demand. On that basis, the paper focuses on the formation and implementation of Taiwan's ``New Southbound Policy'' on human resources development. In addition, the article assesses the impact of Taiwan's ``New Southbound Policy'' on the present and future cooperation between Taiwan and Vietnam in the field of education.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Food and Beverages Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnesh Telukdarie ◽  
Megashnee Munsamy ◽  
Popopo Mohlala
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Food Value

The globe has been subjected to an unprecedented health challenge in the form of COVID-19, indiscriminately impacting the global economy, global supply chains, and nations. The resolution of this unprecedented challenge does not seem to be in the short-term horizon but rather something the globe has to live with. Initial data provides for some insights on responses, precautions, and sustainability protocols and processes. The Food and Beverages Manufacturing sector in South Africa (SA) and globally is an expeditious respondent to the COVID-19 challenge. Food is essential for human existence, but the food value chain is subjected to significant COVID-19 risks. The Food and Beverage Sector Education and Training Authority is responsible for skills development in the Food and Beverages (FoodBev) Manufacturing Sector in South Africa and seeks to quantify Foodbev sustainability. This research paper reviews global literature, performs a high-level knowledge classification, with the aim of expedited awareness, knowledge sharing, and most importantly, quantification of an expedited response, within the FoodBev Manufacturing sector in SA. The research is contextualized via a SA sector-based instrument deployment and data analysis. The paper provides insights into COVID-19 impact, adaptations, and responses in the SA Food and Beverages Manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Financing Peace: Special Autonomy Fund as a Peace Dividend in Aceh, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Sustikarini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peace Dividend ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the peacebuilding process in Aceh Indonesia. Southeast Asia is one of the regions that has been plagued by severe ethno-nationalist strives due to its high level of diversity and the impact of colonialism. Among several cases of ethno-nationalist struggles in this region, the separatist insurgency in Aceh, Indonesia has been regarded as the protracted conflict that has been successfully resolved and created durable peace. The Helsinki Peace Agreement attempted to redress the economic grievances that were manifested in perceived inequality and the exploitation of Aceh’s natural resources through the arrangement of Special Autonomy Fund. This fund serves as a peace dividend that is expected to bring welfare and enhance economic development in Aceh. The paper examines the role of Special Autonomy Fund in accelerating economic development in Aceh in the past ten years by utilizing the concept of the peace dividend and the model of fiscal-sharing. While this fund has been successfully increasing Aceh economic growth compared to the conflict era, it has not been optimally utilized to reduce poverty and inequality. Due to the nature of peace in Aceh as an elite-based peace, the peace dividend has contributed to the patronage politics particularly among the former combatants.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND THE POWER OF A SHADOW ECONOMY: LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta ČIUTIENĖ ◽  
Evelina MEILIENĖ ◽  
Asta SAVANEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Sigitas VAITKEVIČIUS
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

According to economic theory, economic growth is related to Human Capital (HC). Lithuania is associated with countries where a high level of shadow economy exists. This paper examines the issues of human capital development under conditions of shadow economy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the power and effects of the Lithuanian shadow economy in the context of human capital and to assess the inter-dependence between the power of the shadow economy and human capital. The theoretical justification for research on the inter-dependence between the power of the shadow economy and human capital is based on the analysis of how changes in the human capital structure and indicators reflect the power of the shadow economy and vice versa. Theoretical analysis has been made on the main features and factors of shadow economy and possible tools of human capital evaluation. On the basis of theoretical findings, the model of shadow economy power has been created and using the linear regression method, the dependence of shadow economy power on human capital has been evaluated. The power of the shadow economy has been calculated as a function of population, GDP, trade, unemployment and the labor force. Variables of social development, such as demographic changes and risk of poverty, indicators of HC economic development and indicators of HC economic potential have been used for the research. For the evaluation of the interdependence of the variables, the years 2005–2012 were used. In evaluating human capital under the conditions of the shadow economy, a few periods have been identified and distinguished. Firstly, the results showed that the level of human capital education and unemployment can be described as the most important indicators that reflect the economic environment and shadow economy. Secondly, the increasing level of the shadow economy increases shadow unemployment, and this in turn influences the attraction of direct foreign investment. And finally, research on the influence of separate factors of the shadow economy on variables of human capital could disclose a deeper understanding of the impact of the shadow economy on human capital.

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