The Influence of Economic and Institutional Factors on the Development of Entrepreneurship in the Regions of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Pivnitskaya ◽  
Sergey A. Perekhod
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents an empirical analysis of the impact of the political and economic consequences of financial crises on the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia. Entrepreneurship development contributes to economic growth and can play an important role in stimulating long-term sustainable development, as well as reducing unemployment by creating jobs. The data sample of the study covers the period from 2006 to 2016. Two groups of indicators are considered: institutional and economic. The first group includes indicators of the effectiveness of the judicial system and the level of criminality. The second group includes indicators characterizing the degree of integration of the Russian companies into the global economy. In addition, the indicators of the quality of social infrastructure, the degree of intercompany competition, market density and some others are taken into account. Model assessment is based on the OLS method. This paper shows that the effectiveness of the judicial system in resolving disputes related to non-compliance with contracts and non-payment of debts does not affect the business development in Russia. However, one of the main problems faced by Russian business owners is the high level of corruption. Moreover, the weak diversification of the Russian economy is a key factor in the negative impact of external economic shocks. We found a significant role of factors like the size of the internal regional market and the share of residents connected to the Internet. The latter factor shows that at present information technologies play an important role in modern Russian business, creating additional opportunities for expanding existing businesses as well as creating new ones. We came to the conclusion that the problem of corruption is growing, as a significant barrier to companies entering the market.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
Л.Т. Каракетова
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Additional Payments ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье рассматривается влияние пандемии на состояние мировой экономики, в частности, проведён анализ негативного последствия пандемии для мирового экономического роста. В 2021 году большинству стран придется столкнутся с рецессией, и особое место занимает- экономический ущерб по регионам. Рассматривается статистическая динамика последствий пандемии с резким негативным экономическим эффектом на различные отрасли, рассматриваются меры правительства страны для сохранения занятости населения, посредством доплат и поддержки частного предпринимательства для смягчения кризиса. Рассматриваются меры поддержки граждан государством, которыми являются: выплаты пособий для детей, выдача препаратов для заболевших, а также помощь государственным организациям - производилась выдача выплаты заболевшим сотрудникам. Проанализировано влияние пандемии на процесс обучения в школах и университетах, с учётом наиболее уязвимых групп населения. Пандемия обнародовала хрупкие стороны глобальных производственно-сбытовых цепочек, которым пришлось временно остановить работу. Рассматриваются решения и действия по смягчению влияния пандемии посредством бесплатной помощи для переболевших для восстановления в курортах и санаториях, выделением техники для малоимущих семей, материальной поддержкой, выделенных семьям с детьми, не достигшими 18 летнего возраста. This article examines the impact of the pandemic on the global economy, in particular, the analysis of the negative impact of the pandemic on global economic growth. In 2021, most countries will be faced with a recession, especially economically damaging by region. The article considers the statistical dynamics of the consequences of the pandemic with a sharp negative economic effect on various industries as well as the measures which governments have taken to maintain employment, through additional payments and support for private entrepreneurship to mitigate the crisis. The state has supported society with benefits for children and medicines for the sick, and state organizations have made payments to sick employees. This study analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the learning process in schools and universities, taking into account the most vulnerable groups of the population. The pandemic has exposed the fragile sides of global supply chains that have had to temporarily shut down. The article considers decisions and actions to mitigate the impact of the pandemic through free assistance for those who have been ill to recover in resorts and sanatoriums, the allocation of equipment for low-income families, and material support allocated to families with children under the age of eighteen.

scholarly journals CORONA ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPLICATIONS AND LESSONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Tatul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Regional Associations ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of our study is to reveal the essence and root causes of the current corona-economic crisis, both in terms of the damage caused and the impact on national economies and the world economy, and from the standpoint of its perception by humans, society and authoritative organizations of regional and global importance. In addition to analyzing the main trends and phenomena associated with the pandemic, the task is to study the social and economic consequences, assess the eff ectiveness of policies to reduce the negative impact of states and substantiate the need for all countries to be ready for multilateral and mono-sided cooperation in all areas of public activity. Numerous lessons that need to be learned from the current situation in order to work out a strategy for the development of mankind and individual states, as well as to avoid the repetition of possible mistakes and failures in the future, seem vital. Finally, an attempt is made to predict the state of the global economy after overcoming the consequences of the corona-economic crisis, taking into account current trends, as well as the principled approaches and perceptions of experts, individual organizations and regional associations.

scholarly journals LOCAL CONFLICTS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Roman ZVARYCH
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The research of theoretical principles of the impact of local conflicts on the global economy requires an economic understanding of such strategic phenomena as the arms race, the creation of international alliances and the economic effects of military spending. The risks, threats and challenges of direct and indirect losses received by both sides of the conflict also have a negative impact on both third parties and the global economy as a whole. As a result, global leaders and actors involved in conflicts reflect on the effectiveness of their participation in the confrontation. That is why the analysis of local conflicts and assessment of their value in the global economy, given the direct participation of Ukraine in one of these, actualizes the research topic. The purpose is to analyze global changes that provoke local conflicts and research of the cost of local conflicts in the global economy. Methods. In the research process, a set of research methods and approaches were used: monographic and graphical methods, methods of system analysis, systematization, classification, logical, theoretical and generalizations. Results. The unfair distribution of the benefits of globalization threatens conflicts at the regional, national and international levels. Civil or internal wars became widespread, and these “new” wars became clear only in the context of political, economic, and military globalization. There is a correlation between rising war spending and increasing quantity of conflicts. The cost of conflict in the global economy is extremely high, because in addition to the destruction of families, communities and countries, conflicts have negative global economic consequences. The war in Ukraine has significantly affected its economy and financial system, leading to significant material losses due to the physical destruction of housing, infrastructure, social and industrial facilities. Conclusions. Global leaders and key global actors must act quickly and prevent escalation of local conflict. The protection of civilians and their property and the provision of humanitarian and medical assistance should be a priority for participants involved in existing conflicts. A favorable direction for overcoming local conflicts is “investment in humanity”, namely investment in stability, local infrastructure, in order to diversify resources and increase their efficiency. An audit of the costs and benefits of the parties to the conflict will help to understand that the economically they have short-term gain in times less than the income they would have received in the absence of these conflicts.

COVID -19 and Indian Financial Markets: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kamaldeep Kaur Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is aptly stated as a Black Swan event that has stifled the global economy. As coronavirus wreaked havoc, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted globally, unemployment rate soared high, and economic recovery still seems a far-fetched dream. Most importantly, the pandemic has set up turbulence in the global financial markets and resulted in heightened risk elements (market risk, credit risk, bank runs etc.) across the globe. Such uncertainty and volatility has not been witnessed since the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The spread of COVID-19 has largely eroded investors’ confidence as the stock markets neared lifetimes lows, bad loans spiked and investment values degraded. Due to this, many turned their backs on the risk-reward trade off and carted their money towards traditionally safer investments like gold. While the banking sector remains particularly vulnerable, central banks have provided extensive loan moratoriums and interest waivers. Overall, COVID-19 resulted in a short term negative impact on the financial markets in India, though it is making a way towards V-shaped recovery. In this context, the present paper attempts to identify and evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the financial markets in India. Relying on rich literature and live illustrations, the influence of COVID-19 is studied on the stock markets, banking and financial institutions, private equities, and debt funds. The paper covers several recommendations so as to bring stability in the financial markets. The suggestions include, but are not limited to, methods to regularly monitor results, establishing a robust mechanism for risk management, strategies to reduce Non-Performing Assets, continuous assessment of stress and crisis readiness of the financial institutions etc. The paper also emphasizes on enhancing the role of technology (Artificial Intelligence and Virtual/Augmented Reality) in the financial services sector to optimize the outcomes and set the path towards recovery.

International Cooperation and Natural Disasters: Evidence from Trade Agreements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Conevska
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Environmental Shocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Economies

Abstract Environmental shocks in the form of natural disasters are well known for their impact on domestic economies. Less known, however, is their impact on the global economy. The scant existing literature suggests that macro-economic impacts manifest in observed empirical decreases in international trade. The literature, however, does not examine whether the impact of natural disasters on trade varies for trading partners with differing levels of market integration. This paper examines if preferential liberalization serves to protect or buffer against the negative economic consequences of natural disasters. I show that deep preferential liberalization can not only protect countries against the negative macro-economic impact of natural disasters but can actually allow countries to increase exports during natural disaster events that otherwise induce trade decline. These findings suggest that by allowing countries to expand the quantity and the range of exports, preferential trade agreements lead to enhanced resilience against exogenous shocks.

Prison stress in women and its negative impact in the process of correcting

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Марина Владиславовна Минстер
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Subjective Reaction ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Aspect

В статье рассматриваются причины и факторы, способствующие возникновению пенитенциарного стресса у осужденных к лишению свободы женщин. Стресс как субъективная реакция психики на изоляцию от общества больше связан с воздействием пенитенциарной среды и способствует развитию деструктивных проявлений у женщин, что негативно влияет на исправительное воздействие и часто проявляется на стадии адаптации и перед освобождением. В гендерном аспекте результаты исследования показали, что осужденные к лишению свободы мужчины проявляют устойчивость к стрессорным воздействиям при высоком уровне стресса, депрессивные состояния среди них в несколько раз меньше, чем у женщин. Пенитенциарный стресс у женщин является более контрастным, так как уровень психоэмоциональных переживаний выше и требуется значительно больше времени для восстановления, чем мужчинам. Исследуется практика применения индивидуальных и групповых психокоррекционных методик, осуществляемых в процессе исполнения наказания, которые создают условия для самоисправления женщины. Оптимизация исправительного воздействия возможна при условии включения осужденных женщин в воспитательно-ресоциализационные и социально-реабилитационные программы с учетом психофизиологических особенностей и анализа психодинамики их активности, с использованием дополнительного положительного влияния близких родственников и общественности на разных этапах отбывания наказания. The article discusses the causes and factors contributing to stress in prison of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty of women. Stress as a subjective reaction of the psyche to isolation from society is more related to the impact of the prison environment and contributes to the development of destructive manifestations in women, which negatively affects the corrective effect and often manifests itself at the stage of adaptation and before release. In the gender aspect, the results of the study showed that men sentenced to imprisonment show resistance to stress at a high level of stress, depression among them several times less, unlike women. Penitentiary stress in women is more contrast, because the level of psycho-emotional experiences is higher and it takes much more time to recover than men. The author of the article studies the practice of applying individual and group psychocorrection techniques carried out in the process of execution of punishment, which create conditions for self-correction of women. Optimization of treatment possible, subject to the inclusion of women offenders in a correctional reintegration and social rehabilitation programme taking into account psycho-physiological characteristics and analysis of the psychodynamics of activity, using the influence of relatives and the public at various stages of punishment.

scholarly journals Mutual effect of labour market development and COVID-19 pandemic progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkina ◽  
E. A. Mamistova ◽  
T. V. Sabetova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Consequence ◽  
Staff Retention ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. The high level of globalization characteristic of the modern economy has only exacerbated the negative impact of the pandemic. At the moment, it remains impossible to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the damage caused to the economies of countries and regions by this event. However, it is possible to identify the main directions of analysis of the consequences of the pandemic, including in terms of the impact on the state of the labor market, which was the main goal of this study. In particular, the authors highlight a number of consequences, the work on overcoming which is still to be done by the Russian socio-economic system. The most obvious of them is the growth of unemployment, the release of part of the employed and the reduction in the number of jobs, and this is observed extremely unevenly across the sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the authors point out that the problem of staff release is aggravated by the size of the share of informal employment in the labor market, especially in the sectors of public catering, leisure and tourism that have been most affected by the pandemic. As the second important problem, the authors point to ineffective staff reduction, the dismissal of useful and valuable employees of some organizations while maintaining an unnecessarily bloated staff of others. It also mentions the reasons and forms of staff retention, some of which, being either forced or economically and technologically attractive, give rise to additional problems. The authors call an important social consequence of the pandemic a reduction in the number and level of personal contacts in society, in particular, in working groups. As a result, the author's vision of the long-term consequences of current events for the state of the labor market, employment of the population and the economy as a whole is proposed.)

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

scholarly journals Global World Markets in the First Half of 2020: Uncertainties, Trade Slowdown and Forced Protectionism under the Influence of National Isolation Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Anzorovich Shortanov
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Global World ◽  
The Impact

Global world markets are often influenced by various macroeconomic factors that have both a positive and negative impact on their development. Recently, the whole world is experiencing, without exaggeration, a global economic catastrophe associated with the almost lightning-fast spread of a dangerous virus, the country of origin of which was China. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented global upheavals that have had a major impact on societies in cities, countries, and regions. Most countries declared a nationwide lockdown in the first weeks of the pandemic, closing their borders to other countries. Moreover, at a time of global acute need for personal protective equipment, ALV and other medical devices and equipment, both air and sea transport were stopped, which separated the producing countries from the consumer countries. With soaring demand and the impact on supply chains, countries that had previously welcomed joint calls to fight the pandemic have entered a trade war in medical equipment. In the commodity market, the price of oil fell, leading to uncertainty about the future of oil-producing countries, as the end point of the pandemic was still unclear. Overall, the pandemic has been a severe test for the global economy. Due to the development of the pandemic, economists expect an unprecedented decline in industrial production and the percentage share of the stock exchange, rising commodity prices, as well as the possibility of reducing the GDP of a number of countries. While national Governments are trying to offset this drop in commodity prices, as well as for households, firms and financial markets, by providing economic assistance to affected groups, it is clear that such measures are not always viable. It is absolutely necessary to study the impact of COVID-19 on the global financial ecosystem in order to develop an effective trade policy. The danger of a pandemic is also exacerbated by the fact that a crisis in economic relations between countries can lead to political consequences that will cause an aggravation of the political situation in the world. The purpose of the work is to consider the development of world markets under the influence of various factors of uncertainty, the decline in production and trade under the influence of measures of national isolation.

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