scholarly journals Beyond the Niche Hypothesis. Property, Marriage, and the Onset of Familial Reproduction in Rural Northwest Germany, 1820–1866

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Georg Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The study applies event history analysis to nominative data of three contrasting localities to explore the relationship between property transmission and family formation. This allows testing several hypotheses concerning demographic regulation and family dynamics in preindustrial Europe, including but not limited to the niche hypothesis. The analysis finds evidence for four mechanisms of family formation. Firstly, the death of one or both parents promoted marriage of their children. For farmholders, niche inheritance was an important contribution; but parental death also leads to an increase of nuptiality among those who did not own landed property. Beyond ownership, the importance of familial labour roles, particularly of older and younger women, can explain this observation. Second, marriages resulted from the accumulation of an appropriate marriage fund, as indicated by the results that purchases of land and favorable relative prices contributed to the conclusion of marriages. Third, there was an independent role for family dynamics in the sense that property transmission to one child promoted marriage of siblings. The fourth mechanism relates to autonomous family formation through marriages resulting from sexual encounters (indicated by premarital pregnancy). The relative weight of these four mechanisms is remarkably stable across social class and ecotype.

Work seniority as a determinant of employment intensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Event History ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Material ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to analyse the intensity of unemployment leaving in relation to the length of an unemployed person’s work seniority. A hypothesis was made that its intensity changes depending of that person’s employment history and on its gender as well as education. The research material consisted of individual data of 21,398 unemployed people registered by the Poviat Labour Office (PUP) in Szczecin in 2012 and observed throughout 2013. The author used the event history analysis, which was conducted in three steps. First, the author assessed the likelihood of remaining unemployed depending on the unemployment period. Secondly, she divided the registered unemployed into groups according to their employment history and determined the relationship between the employment intensity and the span of time when the members of those groups remained registered in PUP. In the third step, she used the average hazard rates to compare the intensities of unemployment leaving in individual groups.

scholarly journals Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew A. Dagne ◽  
James Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 5-year-old boys and girls. The speed of children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother–child interaction. The association of downregulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to downregulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys' downregulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to downregulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this downregulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother–child interaction. These associations of child downregulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children's expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.

scholarly journals Event History Analysis for Investigating the Likelihood and Timing of Changing Majors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Rural-to-Urban Migration and Premarital Pregnancy in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Blessing U. Mberu ◽  
Rachel E. Goldberg ◽  
Nancy Luke
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration

Rural-to-urban migration is increasingly common among youths in developing countries and could affect sexual activities with consequences for premarital pregnancies. We use life history data collected in Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate how the timing and number of rural-to-urban moves are associated with premarital pregnancy. Among sexually experienced young women aged 18 to 24 ( N = 226), 60 percent had moved at least once in the past 10 years and 38 percent had experienced a premarital pregnancy. Results of the event history analysis show that those who experienced one or two moves were at increased risk for premarital pregnancy compared to nonmovers. Also at increased risk were movers whose most recent move occurred in the past 7 to 12 months. Finally, those whose last move occurred at age 13 or younger were also at an elevated risk. Migration brings about specific risks and needs for youths, including the need for sexual and reproductive health education and services, which should be made available and accessible to new urban residents.

Variations in late-age mortality by household structure and marital status in Parma, Italy

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA PIZZETTI ◽  
MATTEO MANFREDINI ◽  
ENZO LUCCHETTI
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between household structure and mortality at older ages in Parma, Italy. The household is an important setting for older people's social roles and social relations and its composition has a strong association with their health. The study examines 57,830 people aged 65 or more years drawn from the population registers of Parma (Italy). Record linkage from 1989 to 2000 was carried out using their unique identification numbers. Through the linked records, it was possible to follow changes in each person's and family's history provided they remained resident in Parma. The descriptive analyses show that elderly women were more likely than men to live alone, probably on account of their higher longevity. Only 10 per cent of elderly men lived alone, as compared with 32 per cent of older women. Nonetheless, the survival curves demonstrate that up to the age of 80 years, women living alone experienced lower mortality than those living with partners. A logistic regression model based on ‘event history analysis’ was performed using the longitudinal data. The results suggest that being married provides a protective role against mortality in later life only for men. It is possible that elderly women who take care of a husband or relatives do not care for themselves (or their health), as do older women who live alone.

scholarly journals Who Cares? An Event History Analysis of Co-parenthood Dynamics in Belgium

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Elke Claessens ◽  
Dimitri Mortelmans
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
Economic Work ◽  
Equal Parenting ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUntil the end of the twentieth century, child custody arrangements after separation typically continued the gendered pre-separation parenting division, with mothers taking up childcare and fathers paying child support. Recently, there has been a significant rise in co-parenting after separation, reflecting the trend towards more socio-economic, work- and childcare-related gender equality during the relationship. However, it remains unclear to what extent the organization of the pre-separation household dominates over important changes in the lives and labor force participation of parents after separation in choosing to co-parent.This study uses longitudinal Belgian register data to consider the effect of post-separation dynamics in parents’ life course and labor force participation in deciding to co-parent. While certain pre-separation characteristics remain predictive of co-parenting, our results suggest a societal trend towards co-parenting as the parenting norm. Increased time in paid work positively affects co-parenting probabilities, but we find no effect of a post-separation income increase, even though this would imply greater bargaining power to obtain sole custody. As such, the investigated post-separation changes seem to be an indication of parents moving towards supporting and attempting to gain gender equal parenting after separation.

Another Look at the Relationship between Cohabitation and Marriage – The Use of Crude and Net Probabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Peristera ◽  
Gebrenegus Ghilagaber
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Permanent Replacement ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we propose an approach based on the theoretical relationship between crude and net probabilities of marriage in a competing-risk framework. Analyses based on family dynamics among Swedish men born 1936-1964 show that the probabilities of marriage increase if cohabitation was eliminated (and that probabilities of cohabitation increase if marriage was eliminated). Further, the gains in net probabilities increase at the prime ages of family formation (20-28) but are less significant at other ages. Such results support (at least for the data at hand) the argument that informal cohabitation serves as a prelude to marriage rather than a permanent replacement to it.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Fertility Behavior among Highly Educated Women in Japan: The Effect of Educational Assortative Mating on First and Second Childbirth Using Diagonal Reference Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiya Uchikoshi
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
The Relationship

Prior studies have argued that changes in nuptial behavior are the main contributors to the decline in fertility in Japan and educational gradients in fertility are negligible. Recently, however, changes in marital fertility have also contributed to the decline in fertility. While the influence of women's educational attainment on fertility has only been paid attention, since fertility involves two partners and so it is also possible to focus on the influence of the male partner’s social status. Moreover, not only can each partner’s socioeconomic status, but also their combining as a couple (assortative mating), influence fertility. In spite of theoretical significance to examine the relationship between educational assortative mating and fertility, scholars face a methodological problem in examining an interaction of two variables. In this study, applying diagonal reference model to event history analysis, I estimated the effect of educational assortative mating on having first and second childbirth in Japan. A series of analysis revealed that homogamy couples of the high educated are less likely to have their second child than other types of educational coupling.

scholarly journals Marital status, educational attainment, and suicide risk: a Norwegian register-based population study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Øien-Ødegaard ◽  
Lars Johan Hauge ◽  
Anne Reneflot
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Never Married ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The presence and quality of social ties can influence suicide risk. In adulthood, the most common provider of such ties is one’s partner. As such, the link between marital status and suicide is well-documented, with lower suicide risk among married. However, the association between marital status and educational level suggest that marriage is becoming a privilege of the better educated. The relationship between educational attainment and suicide is somewhat ambiguous, although several studies argue that there is higher suicide risk among the less educated. This means that unmarried with low education may concurrently experience several risk factors for suicide. However, in many cases, these associations apply to men only, making it unclear whether they also refer to women. We aim to investigate the association between marital status, educational attainment, and suicide risk, and whether these associations differ across sexes. Methods Our data consist of Norwegian residents aged 35–54, between 1975 and 2014. Using personal identification-numbers, we linked information from various registers, and applied event history analysis to estimate suicide risk, and predicted probabilities for comparisons across sexes. Results Overall, associations across sexes are quite similar, thus contradicting several previous studies. Married men and women have lower suicide risk than unmarried, and divorced and separated have significant higher odds of suicide than never married, regardless of sex. Low educational attainment inflates the risk for both sexes, but high educational attainment is only associated with lower risk among men. Being a parent is associated with lower suicide risk for both sexes. Conclusions Higher suicide risk among the divorced and separated points to suicide risk being associated with ceasing of social ties. This is the case for both sexes, and especially those with low educational attainment, which both healthcare professionals and people in general should be aware of in order to promote suicide prevention.

scholarly journals Cohort, Policy, and Process: The Implications for Migrant Fertility in West Germany

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeylan Erman
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although a growing literature explores the relationship between migration and fertility, far less scholarship has examined how migrant childbearing varies over time, including across migrant cohorts. I extend previous research by exploring migrant-cohort differences in fertility and the role of changing composition by education and type of family migration. Using 1984–2016 German Socio-Economic Panel data, I investigate the transition into first, second, and third birth among foreign-born women in West Germany. Results from an event-history analysis reveal that education and type of family migration—including marriage migration and family reunions—contribute to differences in first birth across migrant cohorts. Specifically, more rapid entry into first birth among recent migrants from Turkey stems from a greater representation of marriage migrants across arrival cohorts, while increasing education is associated with reduced first birth propensities among recent migrants from Southern Europe. I also find variation in the risk of higher parity transitions across migrant cohorts, particularly lower third birth risks among recent arrivals from Turkey, likely a result of changing exposures within origin and destination contexts. These findings suggest that as political and socioeconomic circumstances vary within origin and destination contexts, selection, adaptation, and socialization processes jointly shape childbearing behavior.

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