Variations in late-age mortality by household structure and marital status in Parma, Italy

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA PIZZETTI ◽  
MATTEO MANFREDINI ◽  
ENZO LUCCHETTI
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between household structure and mortality at older ages in Parma, Italy. The household is an important setting for older people's social roles and social relations and its composition has a strong association with their health. The study examines 57,830 people aged 65 or more years drawn from the population registers of Parma (Italy). Record linkage from 1989 to 2000 was carried out using their unique identification numbers. Through the linked records, it was possible to follow changes in each person's and family's history provided they remained resident in Parma. The descriptive analyses show that elderly women were more likely than men to live alone, probably on account of their higher longevity. Only 10 per cent of elderly men lived alone, as compared with 32 per cent of older women. Nonetheless, the survival curves demonstrate that up to the age of 80 years, women living alone experienced lower mortality than those living with partners. A logistic regression model based on ‘event history analysis’ was performed using the longitudinal data. The results suggest that being married provides a protective role against mortality in later life only for men. It is possible that elderly women who take care of a husband or relatives do not care for themselves (or their health), as do older women who live alone.

Work seniority as a determinant of employment intensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Event History ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Material ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to analyse the intensity of unemployment leaving in relation to the length of an unemployed person’s work seniority. A hypothesis was made that its intensity changes depending of that person’s employment history and on its gender as well as education. The research material consisted of individual data of 21,398 unemployed people registered by the Poviat Labour Office (PUP) in Szczecin in 2012 and observed throughout 2013. The author used the event history analysis, which was conducted in three steps. First, the author assessed the likelihood of remaining unemployed depending on the unemployment period. Secondly, she divided the registered unemployed into groups according to their employment history and determined the relationship between the employment intensity and the span of time when the members of those groups remained registered in PUP. In the third step, she used the average hazard rates to compare the intensities of unemployment leaving in individual groups.

scholarly journals Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew A. Dagne ◽  
James Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 5-year-old boys and girls. The speed of children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother–child interaction. The association of downregulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to downregulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys' downregulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to downregulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this downregulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother–child interaction. These associations of child downregulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children's expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.

Negative Interaction and Body Weight in Later Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Krause ◽  
Estina Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Relationship

This study assesses the relationship between negative interaction and body mass index values among older adults. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on probing for individual differences in response to unpleasant encounters with significant others. Individual variations in personality (introversion-extraversion) as well as social status (gender) are evaluated within this context. Tests of the complex three-way interaction between negative interaction, gender, and introversion reveal that more negative interaction is associated with higher body mass index values among elderly women who are introverted. In contrast, a significant relationship between negative interaction, introversion, and body mass failed to emerge for older men.

scholarly journals Event History Analysis for Investigating the Likelihood and Timing of Changing Majors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.

scholarly journals Benefits of Gardening for Elderly Women

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 609a-609
Author(s):  
M.L. George ◽  
J.M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
The Relationship

Persons ≥60 years of age comprise a significant and growing segment of the U.S. population. More than one half of the elderly are female, and as age increases, the ratio of women to men increases as well. Gardening has long been known to be beneficial to older adults physically and psychologically. Our quantitative objective was to investigate the relationship between gardening and life satisfaction, self-esteem, and locus of control of elderly women. Our qualitative objective was to investigate the motivations to garden and the personal, self-rated benefits of gardening experienced by older women. About 45 participants were chosen from 1) volunteers in a horticultural therapy program, 2) participants in a community gardening project for older adults, and 3) participants in a community health project. During the first of two interviews, the participants completed survey instruments measuring self-esteem, locus of control, and life satisfaction. They also provided brief information about their gardening history along with demographic variables of age, ethnicity, educational background, and income level. During the second interview, the participants expanded on their experiences as gardeners, relating information such as how they became gardeners, how they learned to garden, and what factors influenced them to continue gardening. They were specifically asked to relate how they have personally benefited from gardening. Results examine the relationship between gardening and the psychological well-being of the older women.

Management of Parkinson's disease in older women

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Daymont Price ◽  
Lisa M Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Elderly women with Parkinson's disease (PD) represent a specific patient population that may benefit from individualized treatment strategies. PD has been shown to occur approximately twice as often in men than in women, resulting in theories regarding estrogen being protective against the disease and as a potential treatment strategy. Given women's longer life expectancy they are more likely to reach an age where antiparkinsonian medications are associated with side-effects. This paper will review medical and surgical treatments as well as the relationship of gender and age with respect to the management of PD.

scholarly journals Beyond the Niche Hypothesis. Property, Marriage, and the Onset of Familial Reproduction in Rural Northwest Germany, 1820–1866

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Georg Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The study applies event history analysis to nominative data of three contrasting localities to explore the relationship between property transmission and family formation. This allows testing several hypotheses concerning demographic regulation and family dynamics in preindustrial Europe, including but not limited to the niche hypothesis. The analysis finds evidence for four mechanisms of family formation. Firstly, the death of one or both parents promoted marriage of their children. For farmholders, niche inheritance was an important contribution; but parental death also leads to an increase of nuptiality among those who did not own landed property. Beyond ownership, the importance of familial labour roles, particularly of older and younger women, can explain this observation. Second, marriages resulted from the accumulation of an appropriate marriage fund, as indicated by the results that purchases of land and favorable relative prices contributed to the conclusion of marriages. Third, there was an independent role for family dynamics in the sense that property transmission to one child promoted marriage of siblings. The fourth mechanism relates to autonomous family formation through marriages resulting from sexual encounters (indicated by premarital pregnancy). The relative weight of these four mechanisms is remarkably stable across social class and ecotype.

Relationship between Drug Use and Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Shimp ◽  
Thelma J. Wells ◽  
Carol A. Brink ◽  
Ananias C. Diokno ◽  
Grace L. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Prostaglandin Inhibitors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonprescription Drug

Two hundred older women with urinary incontinence were studied to observe the influence of their prescription and nonprescription drug use on symptoms of incontinence. Ninety percent of women reported using medication, with an average use of four drugs. Medications statistically associated with urinary incontinence symptomatology were prostaglandin inhibitors, diuretics, and estrogen therapy. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between medication usage and the presence and severity of urinary incontinence.

Remembering the past, looking to the future: Christmas as a symbol of change in later life widowhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRACY COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intergenerational Ties ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

ABSTRACTMany older women experience the loss of a spouse or partner in later life. This paper explores older women's experiences of Christmas in order to locate process and meaning in relation to the transition of later life widowhood. Drawing on longitudinal data, derived from three in-depth interviews conducted over 18 months with 26 older widows, this paper presents a number of themes from the women's accounts of their Christmas celebrations and their Christmas cards. The importance of continuity, social relations and autonomy is situated in three emergent themes: ‘Family, intergenerational ties and tradition’, ‘Friendships, organisational ties and reciprocity’ and ‘Personal continuity and activation’. The significance of discontinuity, change and mediation is illustrated through three emergent themes: ‘Christmas as a catalyst for change’, ‘We are all widows’ and ‘Negotiating change with others’. The findings, including the positive aspects of continuity and discontinuity, demonstrate that Christmas is a potent symbol of both personal and social transformation during later life widowhood, and that the management of transition incorporates not only social relations, but also personal agency and flexibility. This paper further challenges the predominantly negative stereotype of older widows and illustrates their resilience and growth in the later stages of life.

scholarly journals Who Cares? An Event History Analysis of Co-parenthood Dynamics in Belgium

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Elke Claessens ◽  
Dimitri Mortelmans
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
Economic Work ◽  
Equal Parenting ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUntil the end of the twentieth century, child custody arrangements after separation typically continued the gendered pre-separation parenting division, with mothers taking up childcare and fathers paying child support. Recently, there has been a significant rise in co-parenting after separation, reflecting the trend towards more socio-economic, work- and childcare-related gender equality during the relationship. However, it remains unclear to what extent the organization of the pre-separation household dominates over important changes in the lives and labor force participation of parents after separation in choosing to co-parent.This study uses longitudinal Belgian register data to consider the effect of post-separation dynamics in parents’ life course and labor force participation in deciding to co-parent. While certain pre-separation characteristics remain predictive of co-parenting, our results suggest a societal trend towards co-parenting as the parenting norm. Increased time in paid work positively affects co-parenting probabilities, but we find no effect of a post-separation income increase, even though this would imply greater bargaining power to obtain sole custody. As such, the investigated post-separation changes seem to be an indication of parents moving towards supporting and attempting to gain gender equal parenting after separation.

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