scholarly journals Gross and histopathological lesions associated with tuberculosis in two sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gowri Menon ◽  
K. C. Bipin ◽  
P. M. Deepa ◽  
R. L. Rathish ◽  
M. Pradeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melursus Ursinus ◽  
Acid Fast Staining ◽  
Lung Lobes

Post-mortem examination of two sloth bears which died in Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, were performed. Both the animals were anorectic and had considerable weight loss before death. Representative lung tissue samples were subjected to histopathology and staining. The lung tissues of the animals had diffuse congestion and subpleural petechial hemorrhages. In addition, small nodules of varied diameters were seen scattered on the lung lobes of both animals. On histopathological examination, the lung tissue of one of the animals showed extensive proliferation of blood vessels. Congestion and subpleural hemorrhages were seen in both cases. Few macrophages and epithelioid cells were seen scattered adjacent to a bronchiole. Kinyoun’s acid fast staining of the histological sections revealed numerous acid fast bacilli indicative of tuberculosis.

Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Lung Tissue and Analysis of Drug Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-735
Author(s):  
Junlin Chen ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
Feifan Xu ◽  
Mei Qu ◽  
Delin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Acid Fast Staining

This study investigated the methods for optimizing the workflow for improving the diagnostic efficiency for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in lung tissue specimens. A total of 278 specimens were used in this study. M. tuberculosis in fresh lung tissue samples was detected by BACTEC MGIT 960 culture system, culturing L-form MTB, rifampicin (RFP) and levofloxacin (LVFX) susceptibility test, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT). Specimen samples were embedded in paraffin and serially sectioned. The sections were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Intensified Kinyoun (IK) acid-fast staining. The suspected MTB or L-form MTB specimens were further investigated by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing and fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) melting curve method to detect the mutations in rpoB gene and gyrA gene. Thirteen specimens were suspected as MTB positive, and 37 specimens were suspected to be L-form MTB positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and IK acid-fast staining. Among the 50 specimens, the number of MTB positive specimens detected by SAT, DNA sequencing, and fluorescence PCR melting curve method was 43, 44, and 45, respectively. Only 11 MTB positive specimens were detected by BACTEC MGIT 960 culture system or by culturing L-form MTB. Mutations detected in rpoB gene and gyrA gene by fluorescence PCR melting curve method were similar to those detected by DNA sequencing. Some specimens, detected by melting curve method, exhibited varied drug resistance to RFP, suggesting heterogeneous resistance. Among the remaining 228 specimens, there was no MTB or L-form MTB detected by BACTEC MGIT 960 culture system. However, 5 specimens were detected to be MTB positive by the SAT method. The fluorescent PCR melting curve method, which has a high level of automation and high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively detect heterozygous drug resistance of MTB in lung tissue samples, which is important for clinicians to effectively formulate a therapeutic strategy.

Parasites of wild houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jones ◽  
T.A. Bailey ◽  
H.B. Nothelfer ◽  
L.M. Gibbons ◽  
J.H. Samour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Tissue Samples

AbstractSeven free-living houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueeni) wild-caught in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were examined for helminth parasites. Of five birds investigated post mortem, one was free of gastrointestinal helminths. Two other birds expelled worms following clinical examination and anthelmintic treatment. This is the first report of the parasites of free-living, as opposed to captive, houbara bustards in the UAE. In infested wild birds, fewer species of helminths were recovered than had been found in captive birds and those species present had also been found in captive houbaras. Despite heavy worm burdens, the infested birds were in good condition. Two species of cestodes (Otiditaenia conoideis, Hispaniolepis falsata), two of acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus lancea, Mediorhynchus taeniatus) and two of nematodes (Hartertia rotundata, Allodapa sp.) were recovered. Histopathological examination of tissue samples from the intestine of three birds revealed no significant pathological changes attributable to the presence of parasites but only localized responses at the sites of parasite attachment.

scholarly journals Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Pigeons (Columba livia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Ayhan Atasever ◽  
Görkem Ekebaş ◽  
Duygu Yaman Gram ◽  
Cahit Babür ◽  
Abdullah Inci
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Necrotic Pancreatitis

The purpose of the present study was to establish experimental model of toxoplasmosis in pigeons, to investigate pathogenesis and compare tissue lesions by clinical, histopathological, serological and bioassay techniques. Total of 60 unknown aged pigeons (Columba livia), 21 males and 39 females were used. They were divided into groups as oral (Group I and II) and parenteral (Group III, IV, V and VI) infection groups (Table 1). While some pigeons in Group IV showed acute infection signs such as anorexia, weight loss, pale cockscomb, bend of head and neck and partial paralyze; chronic infection signs such as anorexia, weakness, weight loss, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, and conjunctivitis were seen in Group IV, V, and VI. In necropsy, the pigeons in Group IV had hyperemia and focal hemorrhages in the meninges and brain; the pigeons in Groups V and VI had yellowish color of the liver, the pigeons in Group V had the pale chest muscles, pericardial thickening and opaqueness. There were no macroscopic findings in pigeons in Group I and III. Histopathological examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and tachyzoites and bradyzoite cysts formation of T. gondii in brain tissue, lymphoid cell infiltration and necrotic focal hepatitis and nephritis in Group IV. While pigeons in Group V had nonsuppurative focal myositis, myocarditis, hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis, pneumonitis, and necrotic pancreatitis, one of them had toxoplasma bradyzoite cyst in the sinusoid in the liver. In group VI, nonsuppurative focal hepatitis, myocarditis, nephritis and necrotic pancreatitis were detected in pigeons. Bioassay tests were performed with tissue samples taken from seropositive pigeons and parasitic tachyzoites were isolated from the peritoneal fluid of the mice. Seropositivity in the oral and parenteral groups was determined by Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (SFDT) and Indirect Hemagglutination Assay (IHA). As a result; in similar studies that will be performed investigating pathogenesis of Toxoplasmosis and subclinical cases that may be overlooked, serologic tests and bioassay applications should be used together for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

scholarly journals Scopolamine fatal outcome in an inmate after buscopan® smoking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Strano-Rossi ◽  
Serena Mestria ◽  
Giorgio Bolino ◽  
Matteo Polacco ◽  
Simone Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
History Of

AbstractScopolamine is an alkaloid which acts as competitive antagonists to acetylcholine at central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. We report the case of a 41-year-old male convict with a 27-year history of cannabis abuse who suddenly died in the bed of his cell after having smoked buscopan® tablets. Since both abuse of substances and recent physical assaults had been reported, we opted for a comprehensive approach (post-mortem computed tomography CT (PMCT), full forensic autopsy, and toxicology testing) to determine which was the cause of the death. Virtopsy found significant cerebral edema and lungs edema that were confirmed at the autopsy and at the histopathological examination. Scopolamine was detected in peripheral blood at the toxic concentration of 14 ng/mL in blood and at 263 ng/mL in urine, and scopolamine butyl bromide at 17 ng/mL in blood and 90 ng/mL in urine. Quetiapine, mirtazapine, lorazepam, diazepam, and metabolites and valproate were also detected (at therapeutic concentrations). Inmates, especially when they have a history of drug abuse, are at risk to use any substance they can find for recreational purposes. In prisons, active surveillance on the management and assumption of prescribed drugs could avoid fatal acute intoxication.

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

scholarly journals Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Barisione ◽  
Federica Grillo ◽  
Lorenzo Ball ◽  
Rita Bianchi ◽  
Marco Grosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Lung Lobes

Abstract Data on the pathology of COVID-19 are scarce; available studies show diffuse alveolar damage; however, there is scarce information on the chronologic evolution of COVID-19 lung lesions. The primary aim of the study is to describe the chronology of lung pathologic changes in COVID-19 by using a post-mortem transbronchial lung cryobiopsy approach. Our secondary aim is to correlate the histologic findings with computed tomography patterns. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, who died while intubated and mechanically ventilated, were enrolled. The procedure was performed 30 min after death, and all lung lobes sampled. Histopathologic analysis was performed on thirty-nine adequate samples from eight patients: two patients (illness duration < 14 days) showed early/exudative phase diffuse alveolar damage, while the remaining 6 patients (median illness duration—32 days) showed progressive histologic patterns (3 with mid/proliferative phase; 3 with late/fibrotic phase diffuse alveolar damage, one of which with honeycombing). Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was positive predominantly in early-phase lesions. Histologic patterns and tomography categories were correlated: early/exudative phase was associated with ground-glass opacity, mid/proliferative lesions with crazy paving, while late/fibrous phase correlated with the consolidation pattern, more frequently seen in the lower/middle lobes. This study uses an innovative cryobiopsy approach for the post-mortem sampling of lung tissues from COVID-19 patients demonstrating the progression of fibrosis in time and correlation with computed tomography features. These findings may prove to be useful in the correct staging of disease, and this could have implications for treatment and patient follow-up.

scholarly journals Assessing viability of a minimally invasive autopsy technique in ascertaining the probable cause of death in patients who were SARS CoV19 positive at the time of their demise

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay H. Bhandarwar ◽  
Girish D. Bakhshi ◽  
Eham Arora ◽  
Nikhil Dhimole ◽  
Sanjay R. Bijwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Conventional Autopsy ◽  
Minimally Invasive Autopsy ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background SARS CoV-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), raising up challenges on various levels ranging from therapeutics to diagnostics. The conventional autopsy technique may pose a health hazard to health care workers. A minimally invasive autopsy technique can diminish this hazard. Materials and methods Between August and November 2020, 51 patients who were suffering from Covid-19 at the time of their demise were included. A novel minimally invasive ultrasound-guided technique for procuring tissue samples of major organs was employed which were thereafter subject to histopathological examination. A detailed review of the course in hospital was noted. An analysis was performed to correlate the cause of death ascertained from our minimally invasive technique with the cause of death ascertained clinically. Results There was adequate tissue sampling in 45 cases, where the minimally invasive autopsy technique confirmed the cause of death in all 45 cases (100%) and made it more specific in 5 cases (11.11%). Conclusion Minimally Invasive Autopsy is an easily reproducible technique which has the potential to strengthen the probable the cause of death with reasonable certainty while ensuring safety and ethics.

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