scholarly journals The Importance and Usage of National Census for Security and Development of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Babatope Matthew Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
The Cross

Census exercise is based on the notion that clear-cut data is at the center of a roadmap that enables planning, implementation, and long-term development. Because these objectives were not met, most census research in Nigeria has focused on the difficulties, problems, and politics underlying the falsification of census results. Surprisingly, none has articulated why a census is required for security and development. As a departure from the contentious debate enveloping the population, the paper examines the indices census has on the security and development of Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study using the proportionate stratified sampling in selecting 270 respondents that cut across three towns: Ado, Ikere, and Ikole, representing each senatorial district of Ekiti State. The questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. Findings revealed mixed perceptions about the use of census for tackling security challenges, infrastructural planning, and developmental stride.

scholarly journals An approach for evaluating early and long term mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in low and middle income countries: a South African experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Jackson ◽  
Thu-Ha Dinh ◽  
Carl J. Lombard ◽  
Gayle G. Sherman ◽  
Ameena E. Goga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a global public health target. Robust, feasible methodologies to measure population level impact of programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) are needed in high HIV prevalence settings. We present a summary of the protocol of the South African PMTCT Evaluation (SAPMTCTE) with its revision over three repeated rounds of the survey, 2010–2014. Methods Three cross sectional surveys (2010, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013) were conducted in 580 primary health care immunisation service points randomly selected after stratified multistage probability proportional to size sampling. All infants aged 4–8 weeks receiving their six-week immunisation at a sampled facility on the day of the visit were eligible to participate. Trained research nurses conducted interviews and took infant dried blood spot (iDBS) samples for HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and total nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Interviews were conducted using mobile phones and iDBS were sent to the National Health Laboratory for testing. All findings were adjusted for study design, non-response, and weighted for number of South African live-birth in each study round. In 2012 a national closed cohort of these 4 to 8-week old infants testing EIA positive (HIV Exposed Infants) from the 2012–2013 cross-sectional survey was established to estimate longer-term PMTCT impact to 18 months. Follow-up analyses were to estimate weighted cumulative MTCT until 18 months, postnatal MTCT from 6 weeks until 18 months and a combined outcome of MTCT-or-death, using a competing risks model, with death as a competing risk. HIV-free survival was defined as a child surviving and HIV-negative up to 18 months or last visit seen. A weighted cumulative incidence analysis was conducted, adjusting for survey design effects. Discussion In the absence of robust high-quality routine medical recording systems, in the context of a generalised HIV epidemic, national surveys can be used to monitor PMTCT effectiveness; however, monitoring long-term outcomes nationally is difficult due to poor retention in care.

scholarly journals The Demographic Implications of Crop Farmers-Pastoralists Conflict in Benue North-West, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Kwanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
North West ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists have become a common feature of economic livelihood in West Africa. The study assessed the demographic implications of crop farmers-pastoralists conflict in Benue North-West, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a sample of 120 respondents was purposively selected from the three LGAs mostly affected by the pastoralists’ attacks. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, key informant interview and field observations and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and mean). The study in its course found that availability of evergreen arable land (3,27), competition over available evergreen arable lands (3.0), damage to crops (3.12) and the proliferation and availability of cheap small arms and light weapons (2.52) are the major causes of conflict in the area. The study also revealed that the conflict has both short and long term demographic implication on the affected communities. The study recommended sustainable measures towards addressing conflict in the affected communities.

scholarly journals Dispositional Optimism, Burnout and Their Relationship with Self-Reported Health Status among Nurses Working in Long-Term Healthcare Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4918
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Malagón-Aguilera ◽  
Rosa Suñer-Soler ◽  
Anna Bonmatí-Tomas ◽  
Cristina Bosch-Farré ◽  
Sandra Gelabert-Viella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Perception Of Health

The mental health of nurses working in long-term healthcare centers is affected by the care they provide to older people with major chronic diseases and comorbidity and this in turn affects the quality of that care. The aim of the study was to investigate dispositional optimism, burnout and self-reported health among nurses working in long-term healthcare centers. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Survey questionnaires were distributed in 11 long-term health care centers (n = 156) in Catalonia (Spain). The instruments used were LOT-R (dispositional optimism), MBI (burnout) and EuroQol EQ-5D (self-reported health). Bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used. Self-reported health correlated directly with dispositional optimism and inversely with emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Better perceived health was independently associated with greater dispositional optimism and social support, lower levels of emotional exhaustion level and the absence of burnout. Dispositional optimism in nurses is associated with a greater perception of health and low levels of emotional exhaustion.

scholarly journals Cash management practice, SACCO size and Kenya’s deposit taking saving and credit co-operatives financial sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Justus Nderitu Maina ◽  
Richard Muthii Kiai ◽  
Teresia Ngina Kyalo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Deposit taking Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCO) are solution to social dilemmas like abject poverty, living standards and unemployment. Nevertheless, 14 percent do not maintain sound cash management practices despite SACCOs oversight authority in Kenya offering guidelines and supervision to the enterprises that would assist in maintaining their financial sustainability. This necessitated for the evaluation of the moderating effect of SACCO size on cash management practice and financial sustainability. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design with a positivism philosophical paradigm  was adopted. Emailed questionnaire and data collection sheet were used in data collection which registered a 95 percent response rate. A binary logistic regression results established that with presence of a moderator for the predictor sub-variables, the strength of the relationship between variables registered an insignificant change but with introduction of interaction term, the strength of relationship between variables changed. The study concluded that SACCO size portrayed a statistically significant moderating effect on predictor sub-variables and response variable. The study thus recommends that the management need to consider increasing their SACCO sizes through merging, acquiring the non-performing SACCOs or even conducting intensive marketing since large size SACCO have low chances of being financially unsustainable

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Patient of Chronic Kidney Disease at Nadiad city, A Cross sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Nagar ◽  
Arpita Vaidya ◽  
Khushabu Patel
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic kidney disease is considered as a public health problem worldwide [1]. It is defined by kidney tissue injury with or without a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and /or a decrease in kidney function over a period of three or more months. When the glomerular filtration rate [GFR] is below 15ml./min./1.73m2, the patient is in the terminal stage or dialysis, requiring renal replacement therapy [RRT], dialysis or transplant as alternative treatments. Renal failure is the inability of the kidney to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. Renal failure is precipitated from a variety of etiological factors. It is treatable but not curable, which means that the patient needs a long term therapies or transplantation [2].The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in this study found to be 22.9%, 19.2%, and 28.2%, respectively. Forty nine (13.84%) respondents had mild depression twenty eight (7.91%) has moderate depression[2].Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbid disorders among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with estimated prevalence of approximately 25% in this population, [3] and are associated with worse outcomes, such as progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality [4,5,6,7]. The transition from predialysis management to renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a stressful event in the course of CKD, leading to challenges and decisions that might increase their susceptibility to anxiety, mood disorders or even exacerbate psychological issues that already exist [8].AimsThe researcher aim to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress among chronic kidney disease patient in selected hospital of Nadiad City, Gujarat. The research wants to explore the actual psychological status of the patients who were suffering from chronic illness like CKD, because due to long term suffering from the illness disturbed the everyone mind and cause various psychological changes in the body. Hence research want to assess what kind of changes take place due to chronic kidney diseases.ObjectivesTo assess the level of depression among CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad.To assess the level of anxiety among CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad.To assess the level of stress among the CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad.MethodologyDesign and SettingDescriptive cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study and non-probability purposive sampling method was used to drawn samples from the participants. For the data collection researcher has used modified The DASS-42 is a 42 item self-report scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress, it is a standardized tool.Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from the head of the hospital as well prior inform consent form was obtain from the study participants, the objectives and methods of the study were appropriately explain to the samples. For data collection researcher has select MPUH kidney hospital situated Nadiad City. The total sample size was 30 chronic kidney disease patients.The research data collection tool consist of following Section I Demographic variables of the CKD patients section II DASS 42 questionnaire self rating scale.Statistical AnalysisDescriptive statistics applied where, data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency, percentage, tables etc. were used to represent the statistical data in the tables and graph and figure.ResultThe majority of participants (30%) were 41-50 years, sample (36.67%) belong age group of above 50 years, majority 56.67% were Male, (43.33%) were graduate, (67%) Having 5000-10000 Monthly Income, (60%) were living in Joint family, (56.67%) were belong to 0-3 years, (23.33%) were belong above 9 years if illness. Duration of hospitalization (80%) 0-15 days.Prevalence rate of depression, anxiety and stress among Chronic Kidney Disease the most of patient have 50%, had moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, 30% had mild and only 20% have severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress which was measured by DASS self rating scale.ConclusionsThe currents study ended to assess the prevalence rate of the depression, anxiety and stress among Chronic Kidney Disease patients, the study result concluded that the majority (50%) of Patients having moderate level of depression, anxiety and stress. The people in age group 41-50 or above 50 are having higher rate of depression, anxiety, and stress during chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Dryland Farmer’s Knowledge towards Climate Change and Constraints in Adoption of Climate Resilient Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
D. Alagu Niranjan ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face

Aims: To understand the dryland famer’s knowledge towards climate change, its causes and its impacts. And to find the constraints associate in adoption of climate resilient practices in the region. Study Design: For the present descriptive study, cross-sectional survey design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during the year 2018. Methodology: Climate change study in dryland region is very relevant; so a study was conducted at Sivakasi (a highly industrialized taluk) of Tamil Nadu which falls under dryland region. The data collection was done using structured interview schedule with 120 farmers. Method of data collection is face to face interview. Results: The study revealed that the level of knowledge towards climate change is medium and it is influenced by various factors like education, mass media exposure, extension contacts, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and social participation positively. The major constraints in the adoption of climate resilient practices are high cost, lack of awareness and lack of adequate infrastructure. Some of the suggestions expressed by the farmers to improve adoption for the open ended questions are categorized as, improving advisory, strengthening infrastructure and extending policy support. Conclusion: The results of the research would help the extension workers to understand dryland farmer’s needs for effective programme implementation.

A Study on the Reporting Intention of Medical Incidents: A Nursing Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chin Chen ◽  
Li-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Bernice Redley ◽  
Ya-Hui Hsieh ◽  
Tsung-Lan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Disputes ◽  
The Cross

Medical incidents threaten patients’ lives and health, increase medical costs, and can lead to medical disputes. A high proportion of medical incidents are not reported. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing nurses’ reporting of medical incidents. The cross-sectional survey design used a self-administered 47-item questionnaire to survey 835 nurses in three hospitals in Taiwan between January and December 2014. The intention among nurses to report medical incidents was high (3.86/5); nurses’ intention to report medical incidents was positively correlated ( r = .34, p < .0001) with their attitude about reporting, awareness of reporting ( r = .37, p < .0001), and support from interested parties ( r = .12, p = .001), and was negatively correlated with positive incentives ( r = -.14, p < .0001) and negative incentives ( r = .29, p < .0001). Nurses’ awareness and a supportive work environment affect nurses’ willingness to voluntarily report medical incidents; hence, they are critical considerations as Taiwan moves toward systems of mandatory reporting.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Bank: A Case of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility practices of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL), Bangladesh and to know the client’s knowledge, feedback, awareness and eagerness towards the CSR activities while choosing a bank. This study also investigates the level of present and expected CSR contribution of this bank. A cross- sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self administered questionnaire and data were collected from 100 clients at South Surma branch. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the findings revealed that CSR activities played an important role for clients to choose a bank. Most of the clients were aware of CSR program and they had positive reaction to CSR practices of DBBL. Clients also suggested to expand CSR practices and they were willing to contribute for social activities financially. The results show the policy implications for business community, citizen, customers, investors, managers and other stakeholders.

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

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