scholarly journals Development and Validation of Perceived Stigmatization in Sports Scale for Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Sahar Saleem ◽  
Dr Vicar Solomon ◽  
Dr Farah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
University Athletes

The current study aimed to develop an indigenous, valid and reliable perceived stigmatization in sports scale for female athletes (PSSSFA). Eight in-depth, detailed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with female athletes, whereas, the preliminary item pool of twenty items was administered on 125 female university athletes. The age was 18-24 years (M= 21, SD=1.6). The process of scale development depended upon two phases. The first phase was about construct conceptualization through interviews and the second phase consisted of examining factor structure and reliability of the scale. Perceived Stigmatization in Sports Scale for Female Athletes was developed in Urdu. Total 20 items were developed but the final scale included 18 items with five-point rating scale. On the basis of scree plot and Eigen values, three factors were extracted: Family Stigmatization included 6 items and had .82 reliability, Social Stigmatization included 5 items and had .75 reliability and Effect on Performance included 7 items and had .76 reliability. The overall Cronbach alpha value was .88. The findings of the study tended to investigate factors affecting the perceived stigmatization associated with female athletes and these results would help in providing awareness regarding challenges being faced by female athletes in their respective sports.

Microstructural Instability in Mosi2/Sic Nanolayers

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 399-400
Author(s):  
Y.C. Lu ◽  
H. Kung ◽  
J-P Hirvonen ◽  
T.R. Jervis ◽  
M. Nastasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Thermal Compatibility ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Stability

Thin film multilayers have been the focus of extensive studies recently due to the interesting properties they exhibit. Since the improvement in properties can be attributed directly to the unique nanoscale microstructures, it is essential to understand the factors affecting the microstructural stability in these nanolayer structures. The intermetallic compound, MoSi2, despite its superior oxidation resistance and high melting point, suffers from inadequate high temperature strength and low temperature ductility, properties which hinder its high temperature structural applications [1]. SiC is a potential second phase reinforcement due to its high temperature strength and thermal compatibility with MoSi2. The addition of SiC in a nanolayered configuration has been shown to exhibit significant increase in hardness after annealing [2]. It has also been shown that when annealed above 900°C, the layers break down and grain growth sets in, with a significant decrease in hardness and. Due to the lack of a thermochemical driving force, the two phases remain separate at all temperatures investigated. In this study, the stability of the MoSi2/SiC nanolayers structure under ion irradiation has been investigated.

scholarly journals A mixed methods study exploring the views and experiences of internationally qualified midwives in Australia: Research Protocol (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Javanmard ◽  
Mary Steen ◽  
Rachael Vernon ◽  
Megan Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Human Research Ethics ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Transitional Experiences ◽  
Two Phases

BACKGROUND Approximately, 13% of the total Australian midwifery workforce is internationally qualified. Although they play a significant role in the Australian midwifery system, there is limited understanding of their transitional experiences. OBJECTIVE This mixed methods study aims to explore the transitional experiences and perspectives of internationally qualified midwives practising in Australia. METHODS This study uses an explanatory sequential mixed methods design incorporating two phases. The first phase of the study includes an e-survey that will be distributed to internationally qualified midwives in Australia, via the website e-bulletins of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation and Australian College of Midwives. Additionally, potential respondents will be recruited via social media (Twitter, Facebook) and associated snowball sampling. At the end of the e-survey, respondents will be asked whether they are willing to take part in an interview. Data from the e-survey will be statistically analysed. The results of the e-survey and literature review will help to develop a guide for interview questions, with these interviews taking place during the second phase. A nested sample of participants will be created using the same selection criteria as for the e-survey. Semi-structured interviews will provide a deeper insight into the transitional experiences of internationally qualified midwives. Data will then be thematically analysed. RESULTS An integration of the e-survey results and interview findings will be synthesised to explore and better understand the transitional experiences of this group of midwives. The resulting data may potentially be used to formulate recommendations for future recruitment and retention practices, and to aid the Australian midwifery workforce in valuing diversity and fostering a supportive work environment. CONCLUSIONS At the time of writing this protocol, data collection had not yet commenced, however collection was subsequently completed in late 2018 and analysis is currently underway. CLINICALTRIAL This study was approved by the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number: 0000036397).

scholarly journals The Selection, Promotion, and Reception of Translated Fiction in Wellington

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohsen Kafi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
English Language ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Treat All

<p>This is the first systematic study of the selection, promotion, and reception of translated fiction anywhere in New Zealand. The study has two phases. The first draws on the responses of 277 adult readers in Wellington to a questionnaire about their perceptions of translated fiction. The findings reveal that most Wellington readers say they enjoy reading books set in other cultures, but their actual reading is largely English-language oriented. While some respondents expressed a specific interest in reading translated fiction, most prioritised genre and content. Age and ethnicity correlate only weakly with perceptions of translated fiction, but knowledge of one or more second languages is a strong predictor of positive perceptions of translated fiction. The second phase of the study draws on seven semi-structured interviews with representatives from three major book-related entities in Wellington: New Zealand Festival’s Writers Week, Wellington City Libraries (WCL), and Unity Books. The interviews provided first-hand insights into each entity’s policies and practices for selecting and promoting translated fiction. Although its past and current coordinators speak highly of translated literature, Wellington’s Writers Week has seen a significant decline in the number of non-English-speaking writers in the last two decades. Similarly, Unity Books claims to treat all categories of books, including translated fiction, equally, but its commercial practice in fact prioritises certain other categories. Wellington City Libraries, on the other hand, has taken a proactive approach to the promotion of translated fiction, for example through blogs and physical displays. Combined with the survey data, the interview findings demonstrate both the complex nature of reading choices and the challenges of advocating for the enhanced visibility of translated fiction in a largely monolingual context. However, many signs also point to a growing recognition of translated fiction as an important element of eclectic reading. This recognition can lead to positive changes in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Development and validation of Elder-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Lak ◽  
Reihaneh Reihaneh Aghamolaei ◽  
Hamid Baradaran ◽  
Phyo K Myint
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Background Considering the lack of specific measurement tools to study elders' perceptions in outdoor spaces, the study objectives were to derive and validate a questionnaire that assesses the essential features of elderly-friendly urban spaces. Methods We used closed-ended questions in two phases. In the first qualitative phase, a preliminary questionnaire was defined using grounded theory. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the elderly-friendly urban spaces were examined through validity and reliability indices. Results The findings of the first phase led to a preliminary item extraction and questionnaire with 15 major domains based on three dimensions: place function, place preferences, and process. In the second phase, a 48-item questionnaire, based on three dimensions, in addition to personal characteristics, was introduced. Conclusions The Elderly-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ) can be adopted in various communities in understanding of how to create elder-friendly urban spaces to promote active aging.

Egypt’s Image Repair Strategies in Time of Crisis: A Case Study of the Russian Flight Crash

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-220
Author(s):  
Aziza Moneer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Plane Crash ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractIn the wake of the Russian plane crash in November in 2015 in Sinai, Russia and a number of countries suspended their airlines from operating routes to Sharm el-Sheikh, causing a severe tourist crisis. By the end of 2015, tourism receipts fell by about USD 3.6 billion to represent only 1.1 percent of GDP (IMF, 2017). During the 26 months air traffic suspension, Egypt becomes a word that conjures negative images such as unsafe destination, insecure environment and politically unstable country which sent a danger signal to the observing people of the possible risks involved in visiting Egypt (Matthews, 2016). However, during this period Egypt pursued a collective effort to enhance Egypt’s image and to encourage the tourism markets to resume their travels to Egypt. In January 2018, the Russian government finally lifted its two years ban on Russian tourism to Egypt and Russian flights returned to Cairo in April 2018 (Samir, 2019).This study aims to uncover strategies used by Egypt’s authorities to restore a positive image in the aftermath of Russian flights suspension, based on Benoit’s (1997) “multi-strategies model for repairing a destination image”. The study applies a qualitative content analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with officials in the Egyptian tourism and civic aviation authorities. The efforts to repair the image of the Egyptian tourism industry evolved through two phases. At first, the discourse revolved around evading responsibility and attempted to reduce the crisis’s perceived offensiveness, relying mainly on bolstering and defeasibility. The second phase appeared to emerge gradually, using corrective actions in order to restore Egypt’s image as a ‘safe’ tourist destination.

scholarly journals The challenges characterizing the lived experience of caregiving. A qualitative study in the field of spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zanini ◽  
Julia Amann ◽  
Mirjam Brach ◽  
Armin Gemperli ◽  
Sara Rubinelli
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Financial Uncertainty ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract Study design Qualitative exploratory study. Objectives To explore the lived experience of SCI caregivers, with a focus on the challenges of their role. Setting Caregivers of people with SCI living in the community in Switzerland. Methods Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed. Results The sample included 22 participants (16 women, 15 life partners) with a mean age of 61 years who had been caregivers for an average of 18 years. Caregiving in SCI seemed to be characterized by two phases. The first phase was relatively short and was central to becoming a caregiver; it was marked by challenges related to adjusting to the role of caregiver (e.g., dealing with shock, feeling unprepared). The second phase is lifelong and is characterized by a number of recurrent challenges related to balancing caregiving and personal life (e.g., having to prioritize caregiving over personal wishes, negotiating tasks and workload). Challenges related to lacking appropriate housing, facing financial uncertainty and dealing with bureaucracy were noted during both phases. Caregivers had to deal with these challenges to stay in step with life changes and newly emerging needs. Conclusions Informal caregivers have a major role in supporting people with SCI. But their needs are not static. Any strategy to empower them has to adapt to an evolving role characterized by multiple tasks and challenges. A functional relationship between caregivers and care recipients is based on the recognition of their individualities and the different phases of adaptation, which is also an enriching process.

scholarly journals Open data from the Brazilian government: Understanding the perspectives of data suppliers and developers of applications to the citizens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narallynne Araújo ◽  
Fernando Figueira Filho ◽  
Leandro Melo
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Run Up

Open Government Data (OGD) is seen as a way to promote transparency, as well as to provide information to the population by opening data related to various government sectors and processes. By using applications developed with this type of data, citizens gain knowledge about a certain public sphere; governments, in turn, are able to promote transparency and improvements through the interaction with citizens who use such applications. To create these applications, developers need to extract, process and analyze OGD available by data suppliers. This research was conducted in two phases: the first sought to investigate the perspective of developers who use Brazilian OGD; in the second phase, we investigated the perspectives of data suppliers. Through semi-structured interviews with twenty-four developers and data suppliers, this work reports what motivates them to work with OGD, as well as the barriers they face in this process. Our findings indicate that both participants seek to promote transparency for the population, but they run up against poor data quality, cultural barriers, among other issues. We present and qualitatively characterize these issues, providing recommendations for the improvement of the Brazilian OGD ecosystem.

scholarly journals Open data from the Brazilian government: Understanding the perspectives of data suppliers and developers of applications to the citizens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narallynne Araújo ◽  
Fernando Figueira Filho ◽  
Leandro Melo
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Run Up

Open Government Data (OGD) is seen as a way to promote transparency, as well as to provide information to the population by opening data related to various government sectors and processes. By using applications developed with this type of data, citizens gain knowledge about a certain public sphere; governments, in turn, are able to promote transparency and improvements through the interaction with citizens who use such applications. To create these applications, developers need to extract, process and analyze OGD available by data suppliers. This research was conducted in two phases: the first sought to investigate the perspective of developers who use Brazilian OGD; in the second phase, we investigated the perspectives of data suppliers. Through semi-structured interviews with twenty-four developers and data suppliers, this work reports what motivates them to work with OGD, as well as the barriers they face in this process. Our findings indicate that both participants seek to promote transparency for the population, but they run up against poor data quality, cultural barriers, among other issues. We present and qualitatively characterize these issues, providing recommendations for the improvement of the Brazilian OGD ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Selection, Promotion, and Reception of Translated Fiction in Wellington

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohsen Kafi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
English Language ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Treat All

<p>This is the first systematic study of the selection, promotion, and reception of translated fiction anywhere in New Zealand. The study has two phases. The first draws on the responses of 277 adult readers in Wellington to a questionnaire about their perceptions of translated fiction. The findings reveal that most Wellington readers say they enjoy reading books set in other cultures, but their actual reading is largely English-language oriented. While some respondents expressed a specific interest in reading translated fiction, most prioritised genre and content. Age and ethnicity correlate only weakly with perceptions of translated fiction, but knowledge of one or more second languages is a strong predictor of positive perceptions of translated fiction. The second phase of the study draws on seven semi-structured interviews with representatives from three major book-related entities in Wellington: New Zealand Festival’s Writers Week, Wellington City Libraries (WCL), and Unity Books. The interviews provided first-hand insights into each entity’s policies and practices for selecting and promoting translated fiction. Although its past and current coordinators speak highly of translated literature, Wellington’s Writers Week has seen a significant decline in the number of non-English-speaking writers in the last two decades. Similarly, Unity Books claims to treat all categories of books, including translated fiction, equally, but its commercial practice in fact prioritises certain other categories. Wellington City Libraries, on the other hand, has taken a proactive approach to the promotion of translated fiction, for example through blogs and physical displays. Combined with the survey data, the interview findings demonstrate both the complex nature of reading choices and the challenges of advocating for the enhanced visibility of translated fiction in a largely monolingual context. However, many signs also point to a growing recognition of translated fiction as an important element of eclectic reading. This recognition can lead to positive changes in the future.</p>

The Development and Validation of a Momentary Self-Regulation Scale (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Scherer ◽  
Sunny Jung Kim ◽  
Stephen A. Metcalf ◽  
Mary Ann Sweeney ◽  
Jialing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

BACKGROUND Self-regulation refers to a person’s ability to manage their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes to achieve long-term goals. Most prior research has examined self-regulation at the individual-level, but individual-level assessments does not allow examining dynamic patterns of intra-individual variability in self-regulation and and thus cannot aid in understanding potential malleable processes of self-regulation that may occur in response to daily environment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to advance the scope of self-regulation measurements by developing a brief, psychometrically sound momentary self-regulation scale that can be practically administered through participants’ mobile devices at a momentary level. METHODS The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, in a sample of 522 adults, we examined 23 previously validated assessments of self-regulation containing 594 items in total to evaluate the underlying structure of self-regulation via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We then selected 20 trait-level items to be carried forward to the second phase. In the second phase, we converted each item to a momentary question and piloted the momentary items in a sample of 60 adults over 14 days. Using results from the momentary pilot, we explored the psychometric properties of the items and assessed their underlying structure. We then proposed a set of subscale and total score calculations. RESULTS In the first phase, the selected individual-level items appeared to measure four factors of self-regulation. The factors identified were: perseverance, sensation seeking, emotion regulation, and mindfulness. In the second phase EMA pilot, the selected items demonstrated strong construct validity as well as predictive validity for health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a 12-item momentary self-regulation scale comprising four subscales designed to capture self-regulatory dynamics at a momentary level.

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