The Development and Validation of a Momentary Self-Regulation Scale (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Scherer ◽  
Sunny Jung Kim ◽  
Stephen A. Metcalf ◽  
Mary Ann Sweeney ◽  
Jialing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

BACKGROUND Self-regulation refers to a person’s ability to manage their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes to achieve long-term goals. Most prior research has examined self-regulation at the individual-level, but individual-level assessments does not allow examining dynamic patterns of intra-individual variability in self-regulation and and thus cannot aid in understanding potential malleable processes of self-regulation that may occur in response to daily environment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to advance the scope of self-regulation measurements by developing a brief, psychometrically sound momentary self-regulation scale that can be practically administered through participants’ mobile devices at a momentary level. METHODS The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, in a sample of 522 adults, we examined 23 previously validated assessments of self-regulation containing 594 items in total to evaluate the underlying structure of self-regulation via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We then selected 20 trait-level items to be carried forward to the second phase. In the second phase, we converted each item to a momentary question and piloted the momentary items in a sample of 60 adults over 14 days. Using results from the momentary pilot, we explored the psychometric properties of the items and assessed their underlying structure. We then proposed a set of subscale and total score calculations. RESULTS In the first phase, the selected individual-level items appeared to measure four factors of self-regulation. The factors identified were: perseverance, sensation seeking, emotion regulation, and mindfulness. In the second phase EMA pilot, the selected items demonstrated strong construct validity as well as predictive validity for health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a 12-item momentary self-regulation scale comprising four subscales designed to capture self-regulatory dynamics at a momentary level.

Organizational Arrogance and a Theory-Based Instrument

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-232
Author(s):  
C. Victor Herbin III
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

Prior studies provided insight on arrogance at the individual level and how arrogant individuals express superiority through (1) overconfidence in capabilities, (2) dismissiveness, (3) and disparagement, and how these behaviors may negatively impact those employees in and around their work teams, yet did not indicate how these behaviors impact organizational culture. Organizational arrogance represents an emerging concept that describes arrogance at the organizational level. Organizational arrogance provides the body of knowledge with a comprehensive and inclusive definition that led to the development and validation of the Organizational Arrogance Scale with a Cronbach Alpha of .922 that accurately measures the presence of organizational arrogance.

scholarly journals Real-time functional connectivity-based neurofeedback of amygdala-frontal pathways reduces anxiety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Zhao ◽  
Shuxia Yao ◽  
Keshuang Li ◽  
Cornelia Sindermann ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDeficient emotion regulation and exaggerated anxiety represent a major transdiagnostic psychopathological marker. On the neural level these deficits have been closely linked to impaired, yet treatment-sensitive, prefrontal regulatory control over the amygdala. Gaining direct control over these pathways could therefore provide an innovative and promising strategy to regulate exaggerated anxiety. To this end the current proof-of-concept study evaluated the feasibility, functional relevance and maintenance of a novel connectivity-informed real-time fMRI neurofeedback training. In a randomized within-subject sham-controlled design high anxious subjects (n = 26) underwent real-time fMRI-guided training to enhance connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and the amygdala (target pathway) during threat exposure. Maintenance of regulatory control was assessed after three days and in the absence of feedback. Training-induced changes in functional connectivity of the target pathway and anxiety ratings served as primary outcomes. Training of the target, yet not the sham-control, pathway significantly increased amygdala-vlPFC connectivity and decreased subjective anxiety levels. On the individual level stronger connectivity increases were significantly associated with anxiety reduction. At follow-up, volitional control over the target pathway and decreased anxiety level were maintained in the absence of feedback. The present results demonstrate for the first time that successful self-regulation of amygdala-prefrontal top-down regulatory circuits may represent a novel strategy to control anxiety. As such, the present findings underscore both the critical contribution of amygdala-prefrontal circuits to emotion regulation and the therapeutic potential of connectivity-informed real-time neurofeedback.

scholarly journals PARADIGMA MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA BERBASIS SPIRITUAL (SPIRITUAL BASED HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT) TERHADAP KORPORASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HADI PERISTIWO
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Corporation Management ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Spiritual Based Human Resources Management Paradigm to Corporation. Management comes into the world as a basic necessity on the individual relationship in the society. Every activity always have main aim to be reached in the present and future. Crystallization of management thinking begins on a certain time to develop and expand experiences renewal. The existence of the company becomes main source of people’s live. The potential of the Muslim community into company resources (employee) can be utilized to increase the employee’s performance religious. But, the reality still happen today that the employee’s attitude far from religious behaviour. For the example: still a lot of woman employee which undress well as order as religion instruction, furthermore the behaviour and lifestyle become secular and materialistic. Spiritual Based Human Resources Management is one of coherent concept between modern management and spiritual's values. There are two phases of Developing spiritualitas's meaning, first on spiritual aspect developing (inner growth's phase) and the second phase is manifestation of the first phase results in everyday real life. Furthermore, self-actualization based on internal motivation will be reflected as a framework of spiritual based human resources management, including personal behavior of people in work, business or organization. Abstrak. Paradigma Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berbasis Spiritual (Spiritual Based Human Resources Management) Terhadap Korporasi. Manajemen lahir sebagai tuntunan perlunya pengaturan hubungan antara individu dalam lingkungan masyarakat serta pada dasarnya setiap aktifitas atau kegiatan selalu memiliki tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Kristalisasi pemikiran manajemen mulai berkembang  pada kurun waktu tertentu dan berkembang serta mengalami berbagai pembaruan. Keberadaan perusahaan menjadi sumber utama kehidupan  masyarakat.  Potensi masyarakat muslim yang menjadi sumber daya perusahaan (karyawan) diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya secara religius. Akan tetapi kenyataan yang terjadi adalah masih banyak perilaku karyawan perusahaan yang  tidak religius, misalnya: masih banyak karyawan perusahaan khususnya wanita yang menggunakan pakaian yang tidak menutup aurat (pakaian mini), perilaku maupun pandangan hidup karyawan yang sekuler serta materialistis. Manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis spiritual (Spiritual Based Human Resources Management) adalah sebuah konsep terpadu antara manajemen modern dengan nilai-nilai spiritual. Makna spiritualitas berkembang sedemikian rupa, spiritualitas dilihat sebagai sebuah proses dalam dua fase perkembangan, pertama pada fase perkembangan aspek batin (inner growth) dan kedua pada fase manifestasi hasil batin tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di dunia nyata. Dalam kerangka manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis spiritual, perilaku orang dalam bekerja, berbisnis atau berorganisasi adalah aktualisasi diri yang bersumber pada  internal motivation.

scholarly journals Individualized Precision Targeting of Dorsal Attention and Default Mode Networks with Rtms in Traumatic Brain Injury-Associated Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan H. Siddiqi ◽  
Sridhar Kandala ◽  
Carl D. Hacker ◽  
Nicholas T. Trapp ◽  
Eric C. Leuthardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background At the group level, antidepressant efficacy of rTMS targets is inversely related to their normative connectivity with subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Individualized connectivity may yield better targets, particularly in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders who may have aberrant connectivity. However, sgACC connectivity shows poor test-retest reliability at the individual level. Individualized resting-state network mapping (RSNM) can reliably map inter-individual variability in brain network organization. Objective To identify individualized RSNM-based rTMS targets that reliably target the sgACC connectivity profile. Methods We used RSNM to identify network-based rTMS targets in 10 healthy controls and 13 individuals with traumatic brain injury-associated depression (TBI-D). These “RSNM targets” were compared with consensus structural targets and targets based on individualized anti-correlation with a group-mean-derived sgACC region (“anti-group-mean sgACC targets”). The TBI-D cohort was randomized to receive active (n=9) or sham (n=4) rTMS to RSNM targets. Results The group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was reliably estimated by individualized correlation with default mode network (DMN) and anti-correlation with dorsal attention network (DAN). Individualized RSNM targets were then identified based on DAN anti-correlation and DMN correlation. Counterintuitively, anti-correlation with the group-mean sgACC connectivity profile was stronger and more reliable for RSNM-derived targets than for “anti-group-mean sgACC targets”. Improvement in depression after RSNM-targeted rTMS was predicted by target anti-correlation with the portions of sgACC. Active treatment led to increased connectivity within and between several relevant regions. Conclusions RSNM may enable reliable individualized rTMS targeting, although further research is needed to determine whether this personalized approach can improve clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Development and validation of Elder-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Lak ◽  
Reihaneh Reihaneh Aghamolaei ◽  
Hamid Baradaran ◽  
Phyo K Myint
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Background Considering the lack of specific measurement tools to study elders' perceptions in outdoor spaces, the study objectives were to derive and validate a questionnaire that assesses the essential features of elderly-friendly urban spaces. Methods We used closed-ended questions in two phases. In the first qualitative phase, a preliminary questionnaire was defined using grounded theory. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the elderly-friendly urban spaces were examined through validity and reliability indices. Results The findings of the first phase led to a preliminary item extraction and questionnaire with 15 major domains based on three dimensions: place function, place preferences, and process. In the second phase, a 48-item questionnaire, based on three dimensions, in addition to personal characteristics, was introduced. Conclusions The Elderly-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ) can be adopted in various communities in understanding of how to create elder-friendly urban spaces to promote active aging.

scholarly journals PhenoBR: a model to phenotype body condition dynamics in meat sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Macé ◽  
Eliel González-García ◽  
György Kövér ◽  
Dominique Hazard ◽  
Masoomeh Taghipoor
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Accretion Rate ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meat Sheep

AbstractIn situations of negative energy balance (NEB) due to feed scarcity or high physiological demands, body energy reserves (BR), mainly stored in adipose tissues, become the main sources of energy for ruminants. The capacity to mobilize and restore such BRs in response to different challenges is of major concern in the current context of breeding for resilience. Body condition score (BCS) is a common, practical indicator of BR variations throughout successive productive cycles, and quantitative tools for characterizing such dynamics at the individual level are still lacking. The main objective of this work was to characterize body condition dynamics in terms of BR mobilization and accretion capacities of meat sheep during their productive lifespan through a modelling approach.The animal model used in this work was the reproductive meat ewe (n = 1478) reared in extensive rangeland. Regular measurements of BCS for each productive cycle were used as the indicator of BR variations. A hybrid mathematical model and a web interface, called PhenoBR, was developed to characterize ewes’ BCS variations through four synthetic and biologically meaningful parameters for each productive cycle i: BR accretion rate , BR mobilization rate , plus the time of onset and the duration of the BR mobilization, and ΔTi, respectively.The model converged for all the ewes included in the analysis. Estimation of the parameters indicated the inter-individual variability for BR accretion and mobilization rates, and for the length of the mobilization period. Body reserve mobilization rates were closely correlated between productive cycles. Significant correlations between BR mobilization and accretion rates suggest that the two processes are biologically linked. Parameters kp and kb decreased as parity increased. BR mobilization rate and duration increased as litter size increased, while BR accretion rate decreased.Individual characterization of animals by these parameters makes it possible to rank them for their efficiency in the use of body reserves when facing NEB challenges. Such parameters could contribute to better management and decision-making by farmers and advisors, e.g. by adapting feeding systems to the individual characteristics of BR dynamics, or by geneticists as criteria to develop future animal breeding programs including BR dynamics for more robust and resilient animals.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Perceived Stigmatization in Sports Scale for Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Sahar Saleem ◽  
Dr Vicar Solomon ◽  
Dr Farah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
University Athletes

The current study aimed to develop an indigenous, valid and reliable perceived stigmatization in sports scale for female athletes (PSSSFA). Eight in-depth, detailed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with female athletes, whereas, the preliminary item pool of twenty items was administered on 125 female university athletes. The age was 18-24 years (M= 21, SD=1.6). The process of scale development depended upon two phases. The first phase was about construct conceptualization through interviews and the second phase consisted of examining factor structure and reliability of the scale. Perceived Stigmatization in Sports Scale for Female Athletes was developed in Urdu. Total 20 items were developed but the final scale included 18 items with five-point rating scale. On the basis of scree plot and Eigen values, three factors were extracted: Family Stigmatization included 6 items and had .82 reliability, Social Stigmatization included 5 items and had .75 reliability and Effect on Performance included 7 items and had .76 reliability. The overall Cronbach alpha value was .88. The findings of the study tended to investigate factors affecting the perceived stigmatization associated with female athletes and these results would help in providing awareness regarding challenges being faced by female athletes in their respective sports.

scholarly journals Improving pathways to care through interventions cocreated with communities: a qualitative investigation of men’s barriers to tuberculosis care-seeking in an informal settlement in Blantyre, Malawi

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044944
Author(s):  
Mackwellings Maganizo Phiri ◽  
Effie Makepeace ◽  
Margaret Nyali ◽  
Moses Kumwenda ◽  
Liz Corbett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Pathways To Care ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Health Rights

IntroductionMen have a higher prevalence of undiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) than women and can spend up to a year longer contributing to ongoing transmission in the community before receiving treatment. Health outcomes are often worse for patients with TB living in informal settlements especially men. This study aimed to understand the barriers preventing men from seeking care for TB and cocreate interventions to address these barriers.MethodsWe used qualitative research methods including in-depth interviews and participatory workshops. Researchers worked with women and men living in Bangwe, an informal settlement in Blantyre, Malawi to develop interventions that reflected their lived realities. The study took place over two phases, in the first phase we undertook interviews with men and women to explore barrier to care seeking, in the second phase we used participatory workshops to cocreate interventions to address barriers and followed up on issues emerging from the workshops with further interviews. In total, 30 interviews were conducted, and 23 participants joined participatory workshops. The team used a thematic analysis to analyse the data.ResultsThree interconnected thematic areas shaped men’s health TB seeking behaviour: precarious socioeconomic conditions; gendered social norms; and constraints in the health system. Insecurity of day labour with no provision for sick leave; pressure to provide for the household and a gendered desire not to appear weak and a severely under-resourced health system all contributed to men delaying care in this context. Identified interventions included improved patient–provider relations within the health-system, improved workers’ health rights and broader social support for households.ConclusionImproving mens’ pathways to care requires interventions that consider contextual issues by addressing individual level socioeconomic factors but also broader structural factors of gendered social dynamics and health systems environment.

Allostasis and metastasis: The yin and yang of childhood self-regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samuel V. Wass
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
Dynamical Principle

Abstract Most research has studied self-regulation by presenting experimenter-controlled test stimuli and measuring change between baseline and stimulus. In the real world, however, stressors do not flash on and off in a predetermined sequence, and there is no experimenter controlling things. Rather, the real world is continuous and stressful events can occur through self-sustaining interactive chain reactions. Self-regulation is an active process through which we adaptively select which aspects of the social environment we attend to from one moment to the next. Here, we describe this dynamic interactive process by contrasting two mechanisms that underpin it: the “yin” and “yang” of self-regulation. The first mechanism is allostasis, the dynamical principle underlying self-regulation, through which we compensate for change to maintain homeostasis. This involves upregulating in some situations and downregulating in others. The second mechanism is metastasis, the dynamical principle underling dysregulation. Through metastasis, small initial perturbations can become progressively amplified over time. We contrast these processes at the individual level (i.e., examining moment-to-moment change in one child, considered independently) and also at the inter-personal level (i.e., examining change across a dyad, such as a parent–child dyad). Finally, we discuss practical implications of this approach in improving the self-regulation of emotion and cognition, in typical development and psychopathology.

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