scholarly journals Trends in authorship by women at Canadian universities 2006 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Demaine
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Academic Publications

Despite much progress since the mid-20th century, there still exists a disparity in the number of female academics relative to their male colleagues. This gender gap has come under increased focus as universities take steps to foster diversity and inclusiveness. Bibliometrics can provide a window into the gender disparity in research by measuring the metadata of academic publications. By determining the ratio of female to male authors, the gender bias at the level of the institution can be quantified. This study examines the proportion of female authors of academic articles at thirty Canadian universities across five broad fields of research.

scholarly journals The Gender Gap in Brazilian Entomology: an Analysis of the Academic Scenario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Hipólito ◽  
Leila Teruko Shirai ◽  
Rosana Halinski ◽  
Aline Sartori Guidolin ◽  
Nivia da Silva Dias Pini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Perceptions

Abstract Although women are about half of world’s population, they are underrepresented in many sectors including academia and the research scenario in general. Gender gap in Entomology has been pointed out in other publications; however, data for Brazil has never been demonstrated. Here we provide a diagnosis for the Brazilian Entomology scenario in order to contribute to propositions towards disentangling the gender gap in general. We analyzed scientometric data for Brazilian Entomology focusing on gender disparity and on personal perceptions related to the gender gap through an online questionnaire. We detected a pervasive gender bias in which the scissor-shaped curve is the most representative effect of it: women were the majority in lower degree stages but the minority in higher degree stages (permanent positions and positions of prestige and power). We also observed mentorship bias and discussed these results in light of intersectionality and the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender differences were perceived differently by the questionnaire respondents considering age, gender, and parenting. With this data and analyses, we have provided elements to stimulate and support change to a healthier and more equitable academic space.

Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez E.P. ◽  
Amit Poonia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
And Gender

Rajasthan State is one of the hotspots of child marriages in India. A large number of children especially girl child get married before attaining the legal age and even before the occurrence of physical maturity. The magnitude of the age-old tradition has decreased in many regions in comparison to the last decade of 20th century. But still the diminishment of the child marriage is not promising and it exists as one of the major social concerns. The very existence of child marriage has multifaceted effects on the individuals who victimized for it. The glaring gender disparity and gender biased issues are also one of the products of early marriages.

scholarly journals Interrogation of gender disparity uncovers androgen receptor as the transcriptional activator for oncogenic miR-125b in gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Liu ◽  
Meng Zhou ◽  
Xiangchun Li ◽  
Xining Zhang ◽  
Qinghua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Female Patients

AbstractThere is a male preponderance in gastric cancer (GC), which suggests a role of androgen and androgen receptor (AR). However, the mechanism of AR signaling in GC especially in female patients remains obscure. We sought to identify the AR signaling pathway that might be related to prognosis and examine the potential clinical utility of the AR antagonist for treatment. Deep learning and gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify potential critical factors associated with gender bias in GC (n = 1390). Gene expression profile analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes associated with AR expression in the Tianjin discovery set (n = 90) and TCGA validation set (n = 341). Predictors of survival were identified via lasso regression analyses and validated in the expanded Tianjin cohort (n = 373). In vitro and in vivo experiments were established to determine the drug effect. The GC gender bias was attributable to sex chromosome abnormalities and AR signaling dysregulation. The candidates for AR-related gene sets were screened, and AR combined with miR-125b was associated with poor prognosis, particularly among female patients. AR was confirmed to directly regulate miR-125b expression. AR-miR-125b signaling pathway inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation. AR antagonist, bicalutamide, exerted anti-tumor activities and induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, using GC cell lines and female patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. We have shed light on gender differences by revealing a hormone-regulated oncogenic signaling pathway in GC. Our preclinical studies suggest that AR is a potential therapeutic target for this deadly cancer type, especially in female patients.

scholarly journals Peer review and gender bias: A study on 145 scholarly journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabd0299
Author(s):  
Flaminio Squazzoni ◽  
Giangiacomo Bravo ◽  
Mike Farjam ◽  
Ana Marusic ◽  
Bahar Mehmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Publication Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
Selection Of

Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection of referees, referee recommendations, and editorial decisions, and examined all their possible relationships. Results showed that manuscripts written by women as solo authors or coauthored by women were treated even more favorably by referees and editors. Although there were some differences between fields of research, our findings suggest that peer review and editorial processes do not penalize manuscripts by women. However, increasing gender diversity in editorial teams and referee pools could help journals inform potential authors about their attention to these factors and so stimulate participation by women.

scholarly journals Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada: Empowherment Through Education and Mentorship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Retrouvey ◽  
Perry Gdalevitch
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Female Surgeons ◽  
Surgery Education ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Gender disparity in plastic surgery in Canada is an important issue. The Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada (WPSC) group was created to highlight the interests and concerns of female members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons (CSPS). Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada seeks to teach and implement measures to overcome the internal and external factors contributing to “the plastic ceiling.” In addition, the WPSC group was created to raise awareness about the gender gap in our leadership and implement strategies to empower female surgeons to “lean in” and seek out leadership roles in plastic surgery. Education, mentorship, and networking among female CSPS members are first steps in empowering our female surgeons. All members of the CSPS are encouraged to learn about gender disparity in order to work together to address this issue.

scholarly journals Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Strand ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Observation Period

BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.

scholarly journals KESADARAN GENDER YANG ISLAMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Nurdeni Dahri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Biological Differences

Biological differences between men and women have in the implementation of social and cultural life. There has been a gender gap due to the multiplicity of interpretations of the notion of gender itself. In-depth research is needed to determine the cause of the gap, let alone Islam declared the doctrine that leads to gender bias. Based on the discussion in this paper is declared Gender division of roles and responsibilities between women and men as a result of socio-cultural construction of society, which can be changed according to the demands of the changing times. While sex (gender: male and female) are not changed and the nature of God. In the teachings of Islam there is no difference between women and men in all its aspects, distinguishing only charity and piety

scholarly journals GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION: THE CASE OF EASTERN & SOUTH-EASTERN REGIONS OF AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Najibullah Totakhiel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Teacher Gender ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
World Economic

This research aims to find the size of the gender gap in education in the ten provinces of the Eastern Region (ER) and the South-Eastern Region (SER) of Afghanistan. Based on the World Economic Forum (WEF) approach to the gender gap, the study measures the educational gender gap index (EGGI) at both the regional and provincial level. The study found that the regional EGGI is 0.30. This means that 70% of the gender gap remains. The EGGI in the ER is 0.35, while in the SER it is 0.25, which means that 65% and 75% of the gender gap remains in the ER and the SER respectively. Thus, the gap is smaller in the ER than in the SER. At the provincial level, the best performing province is Nangarhar, where 42% of the gap has been closed. The worst performing province is Wardak, where only 15% of the gap has been closed. Of the six sub-indexes of the EGGI which were calculated from the primary data, the largest gender disparity is in the enrolment in tertiary level education, which has a gap of 69%. The second largest gap is 55% for the number of male and female schools. Both middle school enrolment and teacher gender ratio have similar sized gaps of 53%. The gaps for enrolment in primary education and secondary education are lower, at 30% and 43% respectively. The gap between the male and female student-teacher ratios is 73.6%. Furthermore, there is a 67.7% gap in literacy rate between males and females across the country.

scholarly journals Gender Bias in International Relations Graduate Education? New Evidence from Syllabi

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Colgan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Graduate Education ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACTGender diversity is good for the study of international relations (IR) and political science. Graduate training is an opportunity for scholars to affect the demographics of their field and the gendered practices within it. This article presents a first-cut investigation of the degree to which gender bias exists in graduate IR syllabi. The author found that the gender of the instructor for graduate courses matters significantly for what type of research is taught, in two ways. First, on average, female instructors assign significantly more research by female authors than male instructors. Second, women appear to be considerably more reluctant than men about assigning their own research as required readings. Some but not all of the difference between male- and female-taught courses might be explained by differences in course composition.

“Die Empörten Weiber”: Gender, Authority and Protestant Modernism in Jeremiah 44

2021 ◽  
pp. 030908922110190
Author(s):  
Melvin Sensenig
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
Elite Status

Because of Protestant modernism’s reconstrual of older Protestant views of inspiration around the Romantic notion of the male charismatic prophet, it unintentionally opened doors for the latent gender inequality of its misogynist cultural context when interpreting female religious activity in the prophets. Because of Protestant modernism’s inability to distinguish itself from its 19th-20th century social elite status, it can end up enabling gender stereotypes of its time and thus engage in unexamined gender bias. Vestiges at times remain in literature that assumes the non- or reduced agency of women in Israelite religion. This is a case study in one of the founders of historical-critical Jeremiah study, Sigmund Mowinckel, focusing not on Protestant modernism broadly but rather on Mowinckel’s clear expression of the modernist Protestant notion of the inspiration of sacred speech.

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