Biaoqing: The circulation of emoticons, emoji, stickers, and custom images on Chinese digital media platforms

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele De Seta

The Mandarin Chinese term biaoqing, or ‘expression’, categorizes genres of visual content ranging from emoticons and emoji to stickers and custom images. This article is grounded on ethnographic research and approaches biaoqing in terms of their circulation across Chinese digital media platforms. By formulating a comprehensive typology of biaoqing genres, I foreground the situated socio-technical specificities of their circulation: the creative play with typographical compositions, the affective repurposing of graphical emoticons, the platformed monetization of proprietary stickers, and the user-driven proliferation of custom images. Drawing on this typology, I argue for the need to recognize the circulation of biaoqing as an emergent and malleable category of semiotic resources profoundly shaped by two decades of development of the Internet in China.

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Maresch

Durch den digitalen Medienwandel ist der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit problematisch geworden. Die Debatte fokussiert sich zumeist auf die Frage, ob die sogenannte bürgerliche Öffentlichkeit durch das Internet im Niedergang begriffen ist oder eine Intensivierung und Pluralisierung erfährt. Rudolf Maresch zeichnet die berühmte Untersuchung der Kategorie durch Jürgen Habermas nach und zieht den von ihm konstatierten Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit in Zweifel. Dagegen verweist er auf die gouvernementalen und medialen Prozesse, die jede Form von Kommunikation immer schon gesteuert haben. Öffentlichkeit sei daher ein Epiphänomen nicht allein des Zeitungswesens, sondern der bereits vorgängig ergangenen postalischen Herstellung einer allgemeinen Adressierbarkeit von Subjekten. Heute sei Öffentlichkeit innerhalb der auf Novitäts- und Erregungskriterien abstellenden Massenmedien ein mit anderen Angeboten konkurrierendes Konzept. Mercedes Bunz konstatiert ebenfalls eine Ausweitung und Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeit durch den digitalen Medienwandel, sieht aber die entscheidenden Fragen in der Konzeption und Verteilung von Evaluationswissen und Evaluationsmacht. Nicht mehr die sogenannten Menschen, sondern Algorithmen entscheiden über die Verbreitung und Bewertung von Nachrichten. Diese sind in der Öffentlichkeit – die sie allererst erzeugen – weitgehend verborgen. Einig sind sich die Autoren darin, dass es zu einer Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeiten gekommen ist, während der Öffentlichkeitsbegriff von Habermas auf eine singuläre Öffentlichkeit abstellt. </br></br>Due to the transformation of digital media, the notion of “publicity” has become problematic. In most cases, the debate is focused on the question whether the internet causes a decline of so-called civic publicity or rather intensifies and pluralizes it. Rudolf Maresch outlines Jürgen Habermas's famous study of this category and challenges his claim concerning its “structural transformation,” referring to the governmental and medial processes which have always already controlled every form of communication. Publicity, he claims, is an epiphenomenon not only of print media, but of a general addressability of subjects, that has been produced previously by postal services. Today, he concludes, publicity is a concept that competes with other offers of mass media, which are all based on criteria of novelty and excitement. Mercedes Bunz also notes the expansion and pluralization of the public sphere due to the change of digital media, but sees the crucial issues in the design and distribution of knowledge and power by evaluation. So-called human beings no longer decide on the dissemination and evaluation of information, but algorithms, which are for the most part concealed from the public sphere that they produce in the first place. Both authors agree that a pluralization of public sphere(s) has taken place, while Habermas's notion of publicity refers to a single public sphere.


Author(s):  
Dan J. Bodoh

Abstract The growth of the Internet over the past four years provides the failure analyst with a new media for communicating his results. The new digital media offers significant advantages over analog publication of results. Digital production, distribution and storage of failure analysis results reduces copying costs and paper storage, and enhances the ability to search through old analyses. When published digitally, results reach the customer within minutes of finishing the report. Furthermore, images on the computer screen can be of significantly higher quality than images reproduced on paper. The advantages of the digital medium come at a price, however. Research has shown that employees can become less productive when replacing their analog methodologies with digital methodologies. Today's feature-filled software encourages "futzing," one cause of the productivity reduction. In addition, the quality of the images and ability to search the text can be compromised if the software or the analyst does not understand this digital medium. This paper describes a system that offers complete digital production, distribution and storage of failure analysis reports on the Internet. By design, this system reduces the futzing factor, enhances the ability to search the reports, and optimizes images for display on computer monitors. Because photographic images are so important to failure analysis, some digital image optimization theory is reviewed.


Author(s):  
Tamara Vázquez-Barrio ◽  
Teresa Torrecillas-Lacave ◽  
Rebeca Suárez-Álvarez

Traditional television coexists with formats that originated on the internet, as well as on-demand consumption, paid television, and other audio-visual content distribution platforms. Audience data reveal a steady decline in television viewership, and digital technologies now allow any citizen to produce audio-visual content and distribute it for mass consumption through the internet. Given this new audio-visual ecosystem, the aim of this research is to ascertain whether there are any signs of a crisis regarding the dominance of television as a means of disseminating the products of the culture industry. Disinterest or indifference toward conventional programming by users would reveal a danger to the broadcast industry. In contrast, the consumption of television products through other channels would imply the retention of television audiences through the internet. This study analyzes perceptions regarding television through five online discussion groups. Three conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, television holds a prominent place in the daily lives of those who use it, including the youngest participants, despite the fact that audiences have declined in recent years. The second conclusion states that the perception of television is positive and associated with disengagement, relaxation, and family gatherings, which can be combined with individual consumption at other times of the day. As a third conclusion, this study reveals the high degree of compatibility between the internet and television screens, as new forms of consumption are emerging, yet there is still a predominant interest in content on television and from the mass culture industry. Resumen La televisión tradicional convive con formatos originados en internet, con el consumo bajo demanda, con la televisión de pago y con otras plataformas de distribución de contenido audiovisual. Los datos de audiencias muestran un descenso continuado de telespectadores y las tecnologías digitales permiten a cualquier ciudadano producir contenidos audiovisuales y distribuirlos para el consumo masivo a través de la Red. Ante este nuevo ecosistema audiovisual, el objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar si se pueden advertir signos de una crisis de la supremacía del televisor como medio de difusión de industria cultural. El desapego o indiferencia de los usuarios hacia la programación convencional evidenciaría un peligro para la televisión. Al contrario, el consumo de productos televisivos a través de otras pantallas implicaría el mantenimiento de las audiencias televisivas a través de internet. La investigación analiza las percepciones sobre la televisión mediante cinco grupos de discusión online. Se extraen tres conclusiones. La primera, que la televisión ocupa una posición relevante en la cotidianeidad de los participantes, incluidos los más jóvenes, a pesar de que las audiencias han descendido en los últimos años. La segunda, que la percepción sobre la televisión es positiva y se asocia a la desconexión, el relax y a un momento de reunión familiar compaginable con consumos individualizados en otros momentos del día. Tercera, el estudio demuestra el alto grado de compatibilidad entre internet y la pantalla del televisor porque surgen nuevas formas de consumo, pero se mantiene un interés predominante por los contenidos televisivos y de la gran industria cultural.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Andrian SE,MM

            Digital Marketing adalah  merupakan suatu kegiatan pemasaran atau promosi sebuah brand atau produk menggunakan media digital atau internet. Tujuan digital marketing adalah untuk menarik konsumen dan calon konsumen secara cepat. Seperti yang kita tahu, penerimaan teknologi dan internet di masyarakat sangat luas, sehingga tidak heran kegiatan pemasaran secara digital dijadikan pilihan utama oleh perusahaan-perusahaan. Keragaman produk merupakan kumpulan seluruh produk dan barang yang ditawarkan penjual tertentu kepada pembeli. Sedangkan minat beli timbul setelah adanya proses evaluasi alternatif dan di dalam proses evaluasi, seseorang akan membuat suatu rangkaian pilihan mengenai produk yang hendak dibeli atas dasar merek maupun minat. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada tiga, yaitu Digital Marketing (X1), Ragam Produk (X2), dan Minat Beli (Y). Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner ke sejumlah mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Angkatan 2016 Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan metode SPSS versi 22. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan akhir bahwa variabel Digital Marketing dan Ragam Produk mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan pada variabel Minat Beli sebesar 23,8%.The Impact of Digital Marketing and Product Variety towards Purchasing Interest in Online Store Shopee (Case Study to Students of Class of 2016 Management Department Faculty of Economic University of Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya)Abstract            Digital Marketing is an activity of marketing or promoting a brand or product using digital media or the internet. The purpose of digital marketing is to attract consumers and prospective consumers quickly. As we know, the acceptance of technology and the internet in the community is very broad, so it is not surprising that digital marketing activities are made the top choice by companies. Product diversity is a collection of all products and goods offered by certain sellers to buyers. Whereas buying interest arises after the existence of an alternative evaluation process and in the evaluation process, someone will make a series of choices regarding the product to be purchased on the basis of brand and interest. This research uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. There are three variables used in this research, namely the Digital Marketing (X1), Product Variety (X2), and Purchase Interest (Y). Data collection is obtained through questionnaires distributed to several students of the  Class of 2016 Management Department, Faculty of Economics, University of Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya. The sample used in this research amounted to 100 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 22. This research produces the final conclusion that the Digital Marketing variable and Product Variety have a significant effect on the Purchase Interest variable as 23.8%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés García-Umaña ◽  
Ramón Tirado-Morueta

The increase in the use of information technologies encompasses all educational and social issues, even changing intergenerational skills. It is considered that the most conditioned to this effect are adolescents and young people. This research is a literary review of various studies on addiction and Internet abuse and presents relevant results of the situation of college students and their level of Internet use. The study was developed in seven educational units of Ecuador, with a sample of n = 773 students (53.6% men and 46.4% women). An instrument with sufficient validation guarantees (α.94) has been applied, verified by means of a factorial analysis of main components, which determined two study factors in the use of the Internet and loss of control and interference with life. Through a statistical treatment (Pearson) a good correlation was established (,62) between the two study dimensions, which is a concern in the educational field.


Media Iuris ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chrisna Arwiandra Leuwol ◽  
Ludevikus Limdianda ◽  
Arjuna Rizky Dwi Krisnayana

The development of advanced technology and faster, ease of accessing the virtual world leads to equal public access to information collected on the internet, one of which is a song, a recording of rhythmic sound that was originally shaped physics from the record vinyl then to become a tape cassette for radio tape and now evolved along with technology into digital media like DVD, Flash disk, and Hard disk. The Internet connects the global world to a single location. Based on this case KEMENKOMINFO (Ministry of Communication and Informatics) has attempted to enforce the closure of a number of sites that commit illegal acts such as uploading, downloading and reproduction of songs on the internet without the permission of the author and copyright holder. From the problematic law is written this thesis about copyright protection of songs on the internet, what the copyright standards of songs on the internet together with the form of copyright infringement of songs on the internet and recovery efforts.


Author(s):  
Khoerul Umam

The spread of digital media on the internet was very broad, fast, and cannot be monitored in a structured manner about what media has been uploaded and distributed on the internet network. The spread of digital media like this was very difficult to detect whether the media that shared was privately owned or that of others that is re-shared by media theft or digital media piracy. One step to overcome the theft of digital works is to give them a watermark, which is an identity that is placed on top of the work. However, this is still considered unsafe because the identity attached can be cut and manipulated again until it is not visible. In addition, the use of Steganography method to hide messages in an image can still be manipulated by adding messages continuously so that it accumulates and damages the original owner of the image. In this article, the author provides a solution called Digital Watermarking, a step of encrypting the data of the original owner of the work and putting it into the image of his work. This watermark cannot be seen clearly, but actually in the media there is encrypted data with a strong Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) method. As a result, a tool that can improve the security of media owner data by combining the AES and Steganogaphy methods in the formation of new media that cannot be changed anymore. So, when the media is stolen and used by others and has been edited, the owner's personal data can never be changed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Herbert ◽  
Darson Rhodes ◽  
Je’Lynn Tiberi-Ramos ◽  
Taylor Cichon ◽  
Hailee Baer ◽  
...  

Social influences and ‘new media’ may contribute to students participating in risky health be-haviors. An evidence-based, digital media literacy curriculum was delivered by members of a communitysubstance abuse prevention coalition to upper elementary-aged students in a local afterschool program.Written pre-post assessments of perceived media influence on their health risk behaviors were completedby participants. Mean pre-test scores for ‘Influence of the Internet’ were significantly (p<.01) higher thanpost-test scores. Results reflect participants reporting the internet had less influence on their health choicespost-program than pre-program. Media literacy interventions can be effective when used in the afterschoolsetting.


Author(s):  
Matthew Hindman

This chapter argues that digital survival depends on “stickiness”—firms' ability to attract users, to get them to stay longer, and to make them return again and again. Stickiness is like a constantly compounding Internet interest rate, in which a small early edge in growth creates a huge long-term gap. The chapter also argues that building a better version of attention economics starts with a key problem: our understanding of the Internet has been lopsided. The forces that disperse digital attention are widely understood, while the forces of concentration are not. The chapter shows that the models of the attention economy that this book proposes are quite general, with much of its evidence coming from the commercial sphere of the Web and digital media—where the dynamics of the attention economy are particularly stark, and where the online dynamics are not so different from familiar offline patterns. But one of the biggest contributions of these models is illuminating areas of the Web that go beyond purely commercial content.


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