scholarly journals Factors associated with hospitalization due to streptococcal infection in Houston, Texas 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razina Khayat ◽  
Sudipa Biswas ◽  
Sudipa Biswas ◽  
Najmus Abdullah ◽  
Najmus Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Surveillance System

ObjectiveTo study the factors associated with streptococcal infection that led to hospitalization in Houston, Texas for years 2015-2016IntroductionDifferent studies have shown that Streptococcal infections in adults are more common among older age, blacks, and underlying chronic medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney diseases.In specific, other studies have demonstrated that streptococcal pyogenes can cause severe illnesses and dramatic hospital outbreaks.Furthermore, community-acquired pneumonia studies had also suggested that cardiovascular disease, severe renal disease, chronic lung disease and diabetes were associated with increased odds of hospitalization.MethodsData were extracted from Houston Electronic Disease Surveillance System (HEDSS) beginning January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. A total of 512 confirmed cases were investigated and analyzed during the study period. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and chi square test was used to examine the association between hospitalization and other risk factors. Odds ratio was calculated using unconditional logistic regression to determine the association of risk factors with hospitalization in streptococcal patients.ResultsA total of 414 patients (81 %) of the confirmed cases were hospitalized.Age, race, fever, sepsis, diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney diseases were significantly associated with hospitalization in the bivariate analysis.Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors demonstrated that among clinical characteristics, fever (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.66-5.38) was three times more prevalent among hospitalized patients with streptococcal infection.Patients with diabetes (OR 7.92; 95% CI 3.08-20.36) were almost eight times more likely to be hospitalized than patients without diabetes among streptococcal patients, followed by cardiovascular disease (OR 2.84; CI 1.32-6.10) which was three times more likely to be present.ConclusionsCommon clinical sign like fever was associated with hospitalization among streptococcal patient. Similarly, risk factors like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated with hospitalization in streptococcal patients.Prevention strategies need to be focused on streptococcal patients with chronic risk factors like diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.ReferencesParks t, Barret L, Jones N. Invasive streptococcal disease: a review for clinicians. British Med Bulletin, 2015; 115 (7): 77-89.Skoff TH, Farley MM, Petit S, et al. Increasing Burden of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Nonpregnant Adults, 1990-2007. CID 2009; 49 (7): 85-92.

scholarly journals Factors associated with increasing campylobacteriosis incidence in Michigan, 2004–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (15) ◽  
pp. 3316-3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHA ◽  
T. HENDERSON ◽  
J. COLLINS ◽  
S. D. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Animal Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Case Data

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to examine the incidence trend of campylobacteriosis in Michigan over a 10-year period and to investigate risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with infection. Campylobacter case data from 2004 to 2013 was obtained from the Michigan Disease Surveillance System. We conducted statistical and spatial analyses to examine trends and identify factors linked to campylobacteriosis as well as ecological associations using animal density data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service. An increasing trend of Campylobacter incidence and hospitalization was observed, which was linked to specific age groups and rural residence. Cases reporting ruminant contact and well water as the primary drinking source had a higher risk of campylobacteriosis, while higher cattle density was associated with an increased risk at the county level. Additional studies are needed to identify age-specific risk factors and examine prevalence and transmission dynamics in ruminants and the environment to aid in the development of more effective preventive strategies.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Investigating Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Diseases in China with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Biyu Shen ◽  
Xun Zhuang ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Weiqun Weng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim.To assess the depressive symptoms status of chronic kidney diseases in Nantong, China, with type 2 diabetes and to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms.Methods.In this cross-sectional analytic study, 210 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-D). The quality of life was measured with the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). And the independent risk factors of depressive symptoms were assessed by using a stepwise forward model of logistic regression analysis.Results.The mean age of the study subjects was 57.66 years (SD: 11.68). Approximately 21.4% of subjects reported depressive symptoms (n=45). Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (P=0.010), hypertension (P=0.022), Stage IV (P=0.003), and Stage V (P<0.001) were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms. The quality of life of individuals with HAD-D score <11 was significantly better compared with individuals with HAD-D score ≥ 11.Conclusions.These results indicate that clinicians should be aware that female patients with chronic kidney diseases with T2DM in their late stage with hypertension are at a marked increased risk of depressive symptoms. Providing optimal care for the psychological health of this population is vital.

Abstract W MP54: Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infections after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Their Impact on Outcome: The Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) Study

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S Lord ◽  
Mitchell S Elkind ◽  
Carl D Langefeld ◽  
Charles J Moomaw ◽  
Neeraj Badjatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ct Data

Background: Risk factors for nosocomial infections and their impact on ICH outcomes are unclear. We hypothesized that factors present on admission are associated with developing infection, and patients who develop infections have worse outcomes. Methods: We determined prevalence of infections among patients in ERICH, a multicenter, triethnic case-control study of ICH. Exclusion criteria specific to this analysis were incomplete CT data and death/withdrawal of care <72 hours after admission. Patients with infection <two weeks before ICH were excluded from risk factor analyses, but included for outcomes assessments. We compared prevalence of risk factors for infections using chi-square and non-parametric tests, and performed multivariate logistic regression for risk of infection. Results: We enrolled 1397 individuals, 144 of whom died/had withdrawal of care within 72 hours and 210 with incomplete CT data, leaving 1043 patients. Nosocomial infections occurred in 300 patients (29%). Factors associated with presence of infections included ICH volume (13mL vs. 7mL, p <0.0001), GCS on admission (13 vs. 15, p <0.0001), WBC > 10 (42% vs. 32%), and higher CRP levels (4.9 vs. 1.8, p=0.01). Blacks had higher infection rates versus whites and Hispanics (33% vs. 27% and 24%, p=0.06). Procedural factors associated with infection included ventriculostomy, intrathecal-tPA, and intubation, while major neurosurgical procedures were associated with a 10-fold increase in CNS infection (all p <0.001). Infections were associated with bowel-bladder dysfunction, CHF/pulmonary edema, decubiti, DVT, dysphagia requiring PEG, and MI. Patients with infection were more likely to have DNR/DNI orders or to be dead at discharge (12.3% vs. 6.5%, p=0.0017). In a multivariate model for factors associated with infection, ICH volume, HIV history, intubation, CHF/pulmonary edema, and dysphagia requiring PEG were all associated with infection. Conclusion: There are identifiable risk factors associated with nosocomial infection after ICH, and infections are associated with mortality. Identification of patients at risk for infections may improve outcomes after ICH.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽  
Danjuma B. Dantala ◽  
Paul A. Shinggu ◽  
Umesi A. Dike ◽  
Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

scholarly journals Risk factors of soil transmitted helminth infection among primary school students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
I Gede Gita Sastrawan ◽  
Jordaniel Setiabudi ◽  
Ni Putu Sanjiwani ◽  
Ni Komang Indriyani ◽  
Dewa Ayu Laksemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated

Latar belakang: Infeksi kronis dari soil transmitted helminth (STH) dapat menyebabkan gangguan gizi, pertumbuhan dan kognitif pada anak. Untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi STH, diperlukan identifikasi faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Seraya Timur, Karangasem, Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengambil total sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020. Data primer mengenai faktor-faktor risiko infeksi STH dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Diagnosis infeksi STH dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato-Katz. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Hasil: Sebanyak 83 siswa yang berusia 6-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 9 siswa (10.84%) yang terinfeksi STH dengan intensitas infeksi ringan. Sebanyak 55.56% terinfeksi Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dan 11.11% terinfeksi cacing tambang. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan infeksi STH diantaranya adalah sering bermain tanah (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), bermain tanpa alas kaki (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278) tidak mencuci tangan setelah bermain tanah (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) dan tidak memotong kuku secara rutin (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388).  Pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap infeksi STH (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Kesimpulan: Kebersihan diri menjadi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terkait kebersihan diri disamping pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, infeksi STH, anak sekolah dasar   Abstract   Background: Chronic soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection might cause nutritional, growth and cognitive impairment in children. Identifying the risk factors of STH infection is crucially needed to minimize the infection effects. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with STH infections among primary school students in Seraya Timur Village, Karangasem, Bali. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020. Risk factors data were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of STH infection was done by stool examination with the Kato-Katz method. The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with STH infection. Results: 83 students with ages ranging from 6-12 years participated in this study. There were 9 students (10.84%) whose infected with mild infection of STH. 55.56% of students were infected by Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% were Ascaris lumbricoides infections and 11.11% were hookworm infections. There were several risk factors that significantly associated with STH infection including ground’s playing (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), barefoot (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278), did not wash hands after playing soil (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) and did not routinely cut their nails (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Deworming every six months could provide a protective effect against STH infection (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor associated with STH infection. It is recommended to increase personal hygiene promotion besides dewormed every six months. Keywords: Risk factors, STH infection, primary school students

A role for dietary macroalgae in the amelioration of certain risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease

Phycologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lynn Cornish ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
Ole G. Mouritsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Factors Associated
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