Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

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Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573402115666191121120228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽

Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽

Diriba Dereje Olana ◽

Behailu Terefe Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stroke Unit ◽

Medical Center ◽

Data Entry ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

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CLINICAL PROFILE OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND IT'S CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMPLICATIONS AT AIIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

10.36106/ijsr/5427239 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

Rajeev Ranjan Kumar ◽

Shiv Kumar ◽

Ravikirti Ravikirti ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Systolic Hypertension ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension, its risk factors and complications is very poorly understood therefore it goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > 140 and diastolic ≤ 90 mmHg ) in elderly (above the age of 60 years)and to find out any other associated risk factors, any end organ complications, specially cardiac through electrocardiography and echocardiography and on kidney through creatinine clearance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients attending the outdoor department and indoor department of medicine. The study group comprised of 75 elderly patients who had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Using Chi square test correlation of age with stage of BP, association of risk factors with ISH and Stage III BP and ECG changes with LVH calculated. It concluded that ISH associated with risk factors has definite effect mainly on cardiac in terms of LV hypertrophy and on kidney in terms of reduced creatinine clearance and is an even better predictor of mortalityand morbidity than is diastolic blood pressure.

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Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed E Ahmed ◽

Sara Siddig Abdalla ◽

Ibrahim A Adam ◽

Martin P Grobusch ◽

Imadeldin E Aradaib

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Central Sudan ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of seropositivity and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018. A total of 305 randomly selected consenting participants from three localities were included in the current investigation using a multistage probability sampling method. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies to E. granulosus. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with CE seropositivity. Results A seroprevalence of 6.5% (20/305) was recorded among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Age (odds ratio [OR] 16.61 [confidence interval {CI} 2.21 to 117.92], p=0.006), locality (OR 3.08 [CI 1.42 to 22.54], p=0.011) and contact with dogs (OR 2.34 [CI 0.026 to 0.646], p=0.013) were recorded as potential risk factors for seropositivity to CE in the study area. Conclusions The seroprevalence of CE (6.5%) is high among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Improved surveillance is necessary to optimize control and prevention strategies for CE as an important neglected zoonotic disease among the human population in the study area of Central Sudan.

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A cross sectional study of the morbidity pattern among stone quarry workers and their associated risk factors

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 4451

Author(s):

Vijayakumar M. ◽

Jeshtin M.

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Construction sector is a thriving industry which comprises most of the unorganized workers and providing widespread opportunities for employment of most of the poorest and marginalized sections of society in India. The workers are more susceptible to various occupational hazards due to working conditions in dusty environment. This study is proposed to identify the morbidity pattern, availability and usage of safety measures, health care seeking behaviour and health care facilities at the quarry site.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the stone quarry workers of Maduranthakam area in Kancheepuram district from February 2018 to May 2018. The sample size was calculated as 94 and five quarries were selected randomly. The study tool was interview based semi structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics like Chi square test, Fischer’s exact test was done to determine significant association (p<0.05).Results: The common morbidities among the participants were abdominal conditions (54%), injuries (34%) and musculoskeletal disorders (27%). One in five individuals had respiratory problems and those with breathing difficulty had decreased peak expiratory flow rate. Usage of personal protective equipments is low and about 63.8% of them were using government health care facilities.Conclusions: Increasing demand for stone and aggregates has led to extensive stone quarrying operations. Awareness and enforcement of personal protective equipment, vaccination against diseases like tetanus, periodic health check- ups should be enforced for people working in quarries.

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Investigating the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a population-based study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT data

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01797-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Bijani ◽

Saeed Parvizi ◽

Azizallah Dehghan ◽

Massih Sedigh-Rahimabadi ◽

Mahsa Rostami-chijan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Study Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background A high prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications made this disease a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in Fasa PERSIAN COHORT in south of Iran in 2019. Methods This was an analytical-cross sectional study. The study population were the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in this study. Independent t test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Thereafter, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of 10,111 individuals included in the study, 5546 (54.86%) subjects were women and 4565 (45.16%) other were men. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was estimated as 46.6%. In the present study, (16/1%) of the participants were with HTN stage 1, and (17/9%) of them were with HTN stage 2. The results show that there were significant positive correlations among HTN and age, BMI, HDL, TG, BUN, ALP, smoking, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and renal failure (P < 0.5). Conclusions Prevalence of HTN in this study population is considerable. Therefore, it is suggested that health system should program some plans to prevent hypertension’s prevalence and eliminate its risk factors.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

International Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijns.v4i1.28585 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MS Bari ◽

M Alam ◽

M Uddin ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

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Study of Delirium on Psychiatric Referrals at Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3126/jmcjms.v5i2.19013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Praveen Bhattarai ◽

Devavrat Joshi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Liaison Psychiatry ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background and Objectives: Delirium is one of the most important neuro-psychiatric disorders in Consultation liaison psychiatry. There is a dearth of studies in this subject in Nepalese context. The objective of this study was to find out the demographic profile, source of referral, reason for referral and possible risk factors for delirium and association between risk factors and subtypes of delirium.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care center over a period of six months. Delirium was diagnosed by psychiatrist based on International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR) and was classified into subtypes using the Liptzin and Levkoff criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and chi- square test was applied to find the association between risk factors and subtypes of delirium.Results: A total of 52 cases of delirium were included in the study. Majority of cases were aged 65 years and above with male preponderance. The most common cause for referral was disturbed behavior and disorientation. Hyperactive delirium was the most common subtype of delirium. Most of the referred cases of delirium were from Medical ward and Intensive Care Unit/Critical Care Unit (ICU/CCU). Infection / Inflammation, Drug/alcohol intoxication or withdrawal and those with multiple etiologies were the most common possible causes of delirium. There was no significant difference in terms of associated risk factors between the clinical subtype (p = 0.8023).Conclusion: The presence of delirium warrants prompt intervention to identify and treat the underlying causes and consultation liaison psychiatric services should be enhanced to achieve this goal.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 19-26

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Faulty posture: Prevalence and its relationship with Body Mass Index and Physical Activity among female adolescents

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Dina Golalizadeh ◽

Vahideh Toopchizadeh ◽

Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili ◽

Yaghoub Salekzamani ◽

Neda Dolatkhah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Genu Valgum ◽

Genu Varum ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The City

SummaryStudy aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of postural disorders and their associated risk factors among high school girls in the city of Tabriz, Iran.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 female students aged 14 to 18 years. Students were examined using a scoliometer, a Debrunner kyphometer, and a flexible ruler, and were directly studied for genu varum/valgum. The information about possible risk factors such as age, BMI, school bag, study time, use of social networks, and physical activity was collected through demographic survey and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 22 through independent t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression.Results: 181 participants (45%) had one or more abnormalities such as scoliosis (4%), kyphosis (5%), genu varum (5.7%), genu valgum (9.7%), hyperlordosis (11.2%), and asymmetrical shoulder (24.5%). The risk of hyperlordosis increased with increase in weight (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.15; p = 0.014) and BMI (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.67; p = 0.002). Moreover, the odds for genu valgum increased with increase in weight (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.13; p = 0.045) and BMI (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.29 to 2.62; p < 0.001); but it decreased with increase in age (OR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.39 to 0.98; p = 0.039) and not using a study table (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.12 to 0.78; p = 0.013).Conclusions: Forty-five percent of female students had one or more postural abnormalities. Asymmetrical shoulder was the most common disorder. Weight and BMI were associated with genu valgum and hyperlordosis.

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A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86766 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

R. B. Sah ◽

P. K. Pokharel ◽

I. S. Paudel ◽

A. Acharya ◽

N. Jha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Worm Infestation ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Very High

Background:Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.Objectives: To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.Results: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.Conclusions: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.

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