scholarly journals Labroratoryuse of some insecticides and microwave technology in the control of red flour beetle castaneum (Herbst ) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) Tribolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Malik Kalaf
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

"The study was carried out to effect of some pesticidesand microwave in red flour beetle in plant protection Department of Agriculture, Basrah University. it was observed that there was a significant difference between the exposure of chemical pesticides and the treatment of control ,as the effect of the larvae death was Deltamethrin pesticide affected the percentage of the destruction of the last larva age and adults stage . The percentage of larval 88.66% compared with the Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidinwere their percentage in which the rate 72.2%and 64.2% respectively. The effect of exposure on the percentage of adult mortality 85.0, 68.8 .53.9% for both Deltamethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidin respectively. Was superior to the Deltamethrin the mortality rate for larvae and adults 93.53% and 91.5% respectively. The study showed that percentage of mortality of larval and adult increased with increase exposure time and increase intensity of microwave and the highest percentage was at exposure time 20 second, where the mortality rate 100% for the last larva age and adults when the intensity of 800 watts, and did not affect the levels of microwave in the proportion of germination of wheat grain treated as the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant different between treatments and control."

scholarly journals Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Three Species of Stored Product Insects

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
Fadel Qader ◽  
Burhan Mohammed ◽  
Husham Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Trogoderma Granarium ◽  
Khapra Beetle ◽  
Infectious Stage

Abstract Two specis of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema riobravi, symbolized by Sr, and Heterorabditisbacterophora, symbolized by Hb,were tested by using five concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 an infectiousphase, ml of the type Sr and four concentrations of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000infectious phase/mlof the type Hb against Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates,Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, and Rust red flour beetle Triboliumcastaneum, using three exposure times of 24, 48, and 72 h. The mortalityrate increased withincreasing in concentrations and the exposure period. The results showed that the highest mortality rate was 16.67 whole insects recorded for the 2000 infectious phase/ml with Sr nematodes after 72 hours post- treatment ofC. maculatus. The results showed that the highest rate mortality,which is 20 larvae, was recorded for the infectious phase dose of the genus nematode (Hb), all of which are 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 gastricphase/ml, and for all exposure periods used between 24 hours and up to 72 hours against the larvae of the T. granarium. The results showed that the highest rate of mortality 10.00 whole insects was recorded for the dose of 3000 Infectious stage/ml and at the exposure time 72 hours, while the lowest rate for this mortality of 1.33 adult insects for rusty flour beetle was recorded for the dose of 500 infectious stage/ml and for the exposure time only 24 hours. The resultsindicated that mortality rate was increasing against any increase in both the exposure time and the dose of nematodes of the genus Hb.

Outcomes for and Risk Factors Associated With Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus faecalisand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus faeciumBacteremia in Cancer Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ghanem ◽  
R. Hachem ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
R. F. Chemaly ◽  
I. Raad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aminoglycoside Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control

Objective.Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of nosocomial infection. We sought to compare vancomycin-resistant (VR)Enterococcus faecalisbacteremia and VREnterococcus faeciumbacteremia in cancer patients with respect to risk factors, clinical presentation, microbiological characteristics, antimicrobial therapy, and outcomes.Methods.We identified 210 cancer patients with VRE bacteremia who had been treated between January 1996 and December 2004; 16 of these 210 had VRE. faecalisbacteremia and were matched with 32 patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia and 32 control patients. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted.Results.Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with VRE. faecalisbacteremia, VRE. faeciumbacteremia was associated with a worse clinical response to therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.98];P= .046) and a higher overall mortality rate (OR, 8.3 [95% CI, 1.9-35.3];P= .004), but the VRE-related mortality rate did not show a statistically significant difference (OR, 6.8 [95% CI, 0.7-61.8];P= .09). Compared with control patients, patients with VRE. faecalisbacteremia were more likely to have received an aminoglycoside in the 30 days before the onset of bacteremia (OR, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.2-27.6];P= .03), whereas patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia were more likely to have received a carbapenem in the 30 days before the onset of bacteremia (OR, 11.7 [95% CI, 3.6-38.6];P<.001). In a multivariate model that compared patients with VRE. faeciumbacteremia and control patients, predictors of mortality included acute renal failure on presentation (OR, 15.1 [95% CI, 2.3-99.2];P= .004) and VRE. faeciumbacteremia (OR, 11 [95% CI, 2.7-45.1];P<.001). No difference in outcomes was found between patients with VRE. faecalisbacteremia and control patients.Conclusions.VRE. faeciumbacteremia in cancer patients was associated with a poorer outcome than was VRE. faecalisbacteremia. Recent receipt of carbapenem therapy was an independent risk factor for VRE. faeciumbacteremia, and recent receipt of aminoglycoside therapy was independent risk factor forE. faecalisbacteremia.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of some chemical pesticide and biopesticides and their combinations in the control of tomato leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Safaa Zakaria Baker ◽  
Zahraa Khalaf Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Liriomyza Bryoniae

A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the chemical pesticides Actara, Abamectin, Oxymatrim, and two bioformulation Varanestra (V. lecanii) and Almite (H. thompsonii) and their combination on adults and pupae of the Liriomyza bryoniae. The results showed that the most compatibility pesticide with  V.lecanii   and   H.thompsonii  were Actara, while  Abamectin and Oxymatrine  did not showed compatibility with these fungi. The treatment of Abamectin was superior in adult mortality  55.56% at the half-field concentration (FC-50%), followed by Actara was 46.67%, while the lowest mortality percentage of Oxymatrine treatment was 38.89%. The treatment of Varunestra was significantly higher in mortality percentage of adults was  55.60%, while the lowest mortality percentage for Almite  treatment was 42.20%. There was no significant difference in adults mortality percentage for both the mixture (Actara + Varunestra) and the mixture (Actara + Almite), which reached 56.66% and 52.22%, respectively. The treatment of the mixture (Actara + Varunestra) was superior In reducing adults emergence percentage from pupae  of 8.88%, which did not differ significantly from the treatment of the mixture (Actara + Almite), which reached to 12.22%.Results showed that Actara was compatibility with two bioformulation Varanestra (V.lecanii) and Almite (H. thompsonii) to control adults and pupae of the Liriomyza bryoniae.  http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.041

Efficacy of natural embelin against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Chander ◽  
S. M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Test Insect

AbstractThe efficacy of natural embelin isolated from berries of Embelia ribes Burm. against Tribolium castaneum Herbst is discussed. Embelin mixed with wheat samples at concentrations of 0.1875% and above exhibited high efficacy by bringing about adult mortality even after 8 months of storage. Productivity (progeny/adult-day) of the test insect was also reduced significantly in treatments as compared to controls at different intervals of storage. After 8 months of storage, significant reduction in F1, progeny at the lowest concentration was mainly due to larvicidal action of embelin. In the present study, embelin did not exhibit any chemosterilant action or contact toxicity to adult beetles. Germination of wheat treated with embelin even at the highest concentration of 0.750% was not impaired to any significant extent.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Functions in Cirrhotic Rats in Response to Surgical Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Yarigholi ◽  
Ali Zare Mehrjardi ◽  
Zahra Azizi ◽  
Massoud Baghai Wadji
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction. The activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through severe diseases and stress courses leads to a rise in circulatory cortisol for an adequate response to stress. This axis is one of the important systems that involve in neuroendocrine response to the surgical stress. Hepatoadrenal syndrome that is a manifestation of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in the course of liver disease is described as insufficient production of steroid hormones mainly cortisol due to primary dysfunction of the adrenal gland or secondary malfunction of the HPA axis to provoke the adrenal gland leading to severe illness and increased mortality. Through this evidence, we presented this question as to whether cirrhotic patients have a greater mortality rate than other patients after surgery and if the HPA axis is partly responsible for this phenomenon. Also how the adrenal gland functions during surgery in cirrhotic rats. We conducted this study to assess the effect of cirrhosis on the HPA axis through surgery in cirrhotic rats by evaluating the changes in serum corticosterone level and blood sugar before, immediately, and 30 minutes after surgery. Method. This study was performed in the animal lab approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014, on 25 male Wistar rats. Thioacetamide was used for induction of cirrhosis in rats with new method of monitoring weekly changes of rats’ weight which had 100% success in procedure and reduction in mortality rate. Laparotomy was performed on all of the rats during 9–12 in the morning within 10–15 minutes. Laparotomy was chosen as surgical stress because of its simplicity and feasibility. Three blood samples were obtained from each rat immediately after inducing anesthesia, immediately after the conclusion of surgery, and 30 minutes after surgery. The plasma concentration of corticosterone was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. P value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistical significance. Result. Cirrhotic rat group consisted of 15 rats and control group consisted of 10 rats. There was a significant difference in the mean level of corticosterone and blood sugar between the cirrhotic rat group and control group in the 3 time levels (P=0.044/P<0.001). Pairwise comparison of mean corticosterone and blood sugar levels between case (mean: 249.359 ± 3.90) and control (mean: 262.40 ± 4.69) showed a significant difference (P=0.04, 95% CI = 0.30–25.79/P<0.001, 95% CI = 129.62–233.96). Unlike the control group, the level of serum corticosterone was compared in the cirrhotic rat group (group 1) before, immediately, and 30 minutes after surgery, which showed a significant difference in our study (P value  = 0.005). However, this result was also significant in comparing the blood sugar in 3 time levels of surgery in the control group (P value < 0.001) but not in the cirrhotic rat group (P value = 0.233). Conclusion. There was a significant rise in corticosterone levels during 3 time levels of surgery in cirrhotic rats; nevertheless, this elevation was significantly lower than the control group. Also the mean level of blood sugar was higher in the control group than in cirrhotic rats. However, this difference was significant in comparison with the same times of surgery between the two groups. These results approximately can substantiate our hypothesis that AI in the field of cirrhosis would also affect the response of HPA axis to stress during and after surgery that can be concomitant with higher rate of cardiovascular unsteadiness incidences, deteriorating the severity of illness and rise in mortality rate.

Adverse effects of ivermectin on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, and rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky andCopris acutidensMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwasa ◽  
T. Maruo ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
N. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
And Control

AbstractEffects of the antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, 1867 and the rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky, 1860 andCopris acutidensMotschulsky, 1860 were studied in laboratory and field experiments in Hokkaido, Japan. Ivermectin was detected in dung from 1 to 21 or 28 days following treatment, with a peak on the first day after treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 μg kg−1), although there were considerable differences between the two peaks. InC. jessoensis, brood balls constructed by the female were not reduced in the dung of treated cattle except for seven days after treatment in experiment 2. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean weight of brood balls between dung from treated and control cattle. However, the emergence rates were significantly reduced in dung 1–3 days after treatment. In the field study, brood balls constructed byC. jessoensiswere more abundant in dung from treated cattle in experiment 1, but adult emergence was significantly reduced at one and seven days after treatments. Adult mortality ofC. ochusMotschulsky at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 11.1% in dung from control cattle with 22 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 84% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls and/or ovipositioning. Also, inC. acutidensMotschulsky, adult mortality at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 3.6% in dung from control cattle with 13 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 94.1% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls or ovipositioning. The environmental risk in the use of ivermectin during breeding period of dung beetles in pasture is discussed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of spinosad and abamectin against different populations of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) in treated wheat grain

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Goran Andric ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Marijana Prazic-Golic
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Contact Insecticides

The efficacy of spinosad and abamectin against T. castaneum adults from a laboratory population with normal susceptibility to contact insecticides and against malathion-resistant populations from Nikinci and Jakovo was tested in the laboratory (25?1?C and 60?5% r.h.). The insecticides were applied to 500 g of untreated wheat grain for each of the following application doses: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg a.i./kg. After treatment, wheat was divided into three equal subsamples and 50 T. castaneum adults from each of the three test populations were released the next day into jars for each dose. Mortality was evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure to treated wheat grain. Generally, higher concentrations and longer exposure periods resulted in higher efficacy of both insecticides, but abamectin was significantly more effective than spinosad against all three tested populations. After 7 days of exposure, mortality did not exceed 30% in any test variant. Fourteen days after treatment with the highest dose (5 mg/kg) of spinosad, mortality was highest (75%) in the laboratory population, while treatment with the same dose of abamectin achieved the highest mortality (58%) in the laboratory and Jakovo populations. After 21 days, spinosad applied at the rate of 5 mg/kg was most effective (97% mortality) in the laboratory population, while 88% efficacy was recorded in Jakovo population and 87% in Nikinci population. Abamectin doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg caused high adult mortality of 94-100% in the laboratory and Jakovo populations, and a significantly lower mortality in Nikinci population (75 and 86%, respectively). Statistically significant differences in the efficacy of spinosad, and particularly of abamectin, were detected among the three tested populations, the greatest difference being between the laboratory and Nikinci populations, which clearly indicates that resistance of T. castaneum adults to malathion had a significant influence.

EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PLANT PRODUCTS AGAINST RUST RED FLOUR BEETLE,TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM IN STORED WHEAT GRAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR TRIPATHI ◽  
DEO PRAKASH PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Leaf Powder

A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of nine plant products namely neem, karanj, eucalyptus, lantana, custard apple, lemon grass and meetha neem using their leaf powder and turmeric and ginger using their rhizome powder against the rust red flour beetle. Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat. Among the different treatments of plant products were evaluated by treating 100 g of wheat grains with 2% of grain weight against T. castaneum up to 30 days. The grains treated with eucalyptus leaf powder were found to be most effective and 27.25% adult mortality and 0.09% weight loss was observed. The least effective treatment was custard apple leaf powder with 7.78 % mortality and lantana leaf powder where 0.37% weight loss was recorded.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Fortified Wheat Flour on the Biology and Physiology of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
H.M. Salman Saleem ◽  
Mohammad Shahid ◽  
M. Usman Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Fortified Flour ◽  
And Control

Iron overload in the fortified flour can influence the life stages and physiology of the insects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercially available premix iron fortified flour as well as effect of different concentrations of post-mix iron fortified flour (30–5 ppm) on biology of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Hebrst.). Larval and pupal duration, total developmental time, fecundity and larval weights in two consecutive generations of beetle were compared with control treatment. Amylase and protease activities of gut of the beetle were also measured in premix and postmix flours. Results showed that larval mortality increased in two sources of premix iron flour when compared with control. Larval weight was reduced in first generation only. The larval mortality was significantly higher in 30 ppm postmix iron fortified flour than in other postmix concentrations and control treatment. The larvae of T. castaneum fed on two sources of premix and in various concentrations of postmix iron fortified flour revealed an increase in amylases and decrease in protease activities.

scholarly journals Compatibility of some botanicals and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib-ur Rehman ◽  
Amer Rasul ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam ◽  
Beenish Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Background The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a serious pest of stored grain commodities worldwide which results in considerable losses to stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (Linn.). Main body The present laboratory bioassay was carried out to examine the efficiency of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) formulation (Racer TM), and Neem extract (NE), Eucalyptus extract (EE), and Tobacco extract (TE) against 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum. The fungal formulation was applied at 0.3 × 108, 0.6 × 108, and 0.9 × 108 conidia kg−1 of the crushed wheat grains; as well, it was mixed separately with 5% concentrations of each plant extract under the laboratory conditions of 30 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Mortality rate of the tested larvae was enumerated after regular intervals of times. Mortality of the larvae increased at the highest combined concentrations of the fungal conidial formulation and the plant extracts rather than their single treatments. The highest mortality rate of the larvae (71.32%) was recorded at the highest concentration binary mixture of (Racer TM +NE), whereas relatively the lowest mortality rate (15.54%) was enumerated in the combined treatments of (Racer TM +NE). Furthermore, the highest separate concentration of B. bassiana (0.9 × 108 conidia/ml) persistently resulted in more larval mortality (32.68%) of 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum than the plant extracts (7.52, 9.89, and 14.61%), respectively. A noticeably greater rate of mycosis and sporulation was counted in the larvae of the insect in separate treatments of B. bassiana than in its combined applications with the plant extracts. The highest mycosis (85.13%) and sporulation (160.12 conidia/ml) was detected in the treatment, where the lowest concentration of B. bassiana (0.3 × 108 conidia/ml) was used, alone. Conclusion Hence, it was concluded that integrated use of these two bio-pesticides plus the fungus can be helpful in the integrated pest management program of T. castaneum.

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