Adverse effects of ivermectin on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, and rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky andCopris acutidensMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwasa ◽  
T. Maruo ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
N. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
And Control

AbstractEffects of the antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, on the dung beetles,Caccobius jessoensisHarold, 1867 and the rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky, 1860 andCopris acutidensMotschulsky, 1860 were studied in laboratory and field experiments in Hokkaido, Japan. Ivermectin was detected in dung from 1 to 21 or 28 days following treatment, with a peak on the first day after treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 μg kg−1), although there were considerable differences between the two peaks. InC. jessoensis, brood balls constructed by the female were not reduced in the dung of treated cattle except for seven days after treatment in experiment 2. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean weight of brood balls between dung from treated and control cattle. However, the emergence rates were significantly reduced in dung 1–3 days after treatment. In the field study, brood balls constructed byC. jessoensiswere more abundant in dung from treated cattle in experiment 1, but adult emergence was significantly reduced at one and seven days after treatments. Adult mortality ofC. ochusMotschulsky at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 11.1% in dung from control cattle with 22 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 84% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls and/or ovipositioning. Also, inC. acutidensMotschulsky, adult mortality at 90 days after the beginning of rearing was 3.6% in dung from control cattle with 13 brood balls constructed, whereas it was 94.1% in dung from treated cattle with no brood balls or ovipositioning. The environmental risk in the use of ivermectin during breeding period of dung beetles in pasture is discussed.

Effects of eprinomectin on the survival, reproduction and feeding activity of the dung beetles, Onthophagus lenzii Harold, and rare species, Copris ochus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
I. Ishikawa ◽  
M. Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Control Adult

AbstractEffects of the antiparasitic drug eprinomectin were studied on the dung beetles, Onthophagus lenzii Harold and the rare species, Copris ochus Motschulsky by pour-on administrations (500 µg kg−1) in Japan. Eprinomectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 7 or 14 days after treatment, with a peak at 1 day after treatment in two experiments. In O. lenzii, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls constructed were significantly reduced in dung from eprinomectin-treated cattle at 1 and 3 days post-treatment in experiment 1, and adult emergence rates were extremely reduced in dung at 1, 3, and 7 days post-treatment. In C. ochus, adult survivals were significantly reduced in dung at 3 days post-treatment (experiment 1), and equivalent levels to the control were restored in dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment (experiment 2). Numbers of brood balls of C. ochus were nil in dung at 3 days (experiment 1), and significantly reduced in dung at 7 days (experiment 2) post-treatment compared with control. Adult emergence rates of C. ochus were 100 and 71.6% in dung from control cattle in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. However, no oviposition was observed in dung at 3 days post-treatment, and all offspring died at egg or the first instar larval stage in dung from 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activities of O. lenzii and C. ochus were significantly inhibited in dung from treated cattle at 1–3 days and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, returning to levels of the control at 7 days post-treatment.

scholarly journals Labroratoryuse of some insecticides and microwave technology in the control of red flour beetle castaneum (Herbst ) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) Tribolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Malik Kalaf
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

"The study was carried out to effect of some pesticidesand microwave in red flour beetle in plant protection Department of Agriculture, Basrah University. it was observed that there was a significant difference between the exposure of chemical pesticides and the treatment of control ,as the effect of the larvae death was Deltamethrin pesticide affected the percentage of the destruction of the last larva age and adults stage . The percentage of larval 88.66% compared with the Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidinwere their percentage in which the rate 72.2%and 64.2% respectively. The effect of exposure on the percentage of adult mortality 85.0, 68.8 .53.9% for both Deltamethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidin respectively. Was superior to the Deltamethrin the mortality rate for larvae and adults 93.53% and 91.5% respectively. The study showed that percentage of mortality of larval and adult increased with increase exposure time and increase intensity of microwave and the highest percentage was at exposure time 20 second, where the mortality rate 100% for the last larva age and adults when the intensity of 800 watts, and did not affect the levels of microwave in the proportion of germination of wheat grain treated as the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant different between treatments and control."

Toxicological effect of ivermectin on the survival, reproduction, and feeding activity of four species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ishikawa ◽  
M. Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Feeding Activities

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on the dung beetles Copris acutidens Motschulsky, Onthophagus bivertex Heyden, O. lenzii Harold and Phelotrupes auratus auratus Motschulsky in Japan. Ivermectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 3 or 7 days post-treatment, with a peak at 3 days post-treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 µg kg−1). In C. acutidens, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls were significantly reduced in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and adult emergence rates were significantly decreased in dung collected at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activity of C. acutidens was inhibited in dung collected at 3 days post-treatment, but was not significantly different from that seen in control dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. In O. bivertex and O. lenzii, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival or feeding activities, but the numbers of brood balls of O. bivertex constructed in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment were significantly lower than observed with control dung. The adult emergence rates of O. bivertex and O. lenzii were significantly reduced in dung collected at 1 to 3 and 1 to 7 days post-treatment, respectively. In P. auratus, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival, oviposition, feeding activity, or larval survival (until the third instar) in dung at 3 days post-treatment. The environmental risks affecting the populations of dung beetles in Japan are discussed.

scholarly journals Field Response of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walper to Four Insecticidal Compounds and Their Residual Toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in The Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
R. A. Adebayo ◽  
O. A. Isah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insecticidal Compounds

There have been paradigm shift to the use of biopesticides as alternative to synthetic pesticides in recent years due to its environment friendliness and non-toxic to the non-target organisms. Therefore, three synthetic insecticides and water extract from neem back powder were evaluated on cowpea in the field and their residual toxicity tested against C. maculatus in the laboratory. The insecticides were applied at the rate of 2ml in 2L of water and 2L of extract from neem back powder on the field. The harvested seeds were infested with C. maculatus to evaluate the residual toxicity of the insecticides. Data on growth and yield parameters were taken on the field while data on adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and weight loss were recorded for the laboratory experiment. The results showed positive response of cowpea to the applied chemicals as they had higher values for the number of leaves, branches and reduced number of holes. Number of holes was significant (p< 0.05) at the 8th week with the control having highest number of holes. Cowpea treated with cypermethrin had highest number of pods at both 7th and 8th week and showed significant difference at 7th week. Highest weight of seeds per pod was obtained from the cowpea treated with water extract from neem back powder and was significantly different (p< 0.05) from other treatments. Seeds treated with the three insecticides had the same number of mortality while neem extract had highest but was not significantly different (p> 0.05). There was a reduction in number of eggs laid, adult emergence, seeds with holes and weight loss in the seeds treated with the four insecticide compounds. It was concluded that application of the insecticidal compounds positively enhanced the performance of cowpea on the field and could protect the seeds against C. maculatus in the laboratory. This study revealed that water extract from back powder of neem could be used as a botanical in the protection of cowpea against seed beetles.

scholarly journals Responses of two plant-derived bioinsecticides as protectants of smoke-dried catfish, Clarias gariepinus [Pisces: Clariidae] against hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) [Coleoptera: Dermestidae]

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Toxicities of Vernonia amygdalina and Tithonia diversifolia leaf powders and extracts on larva and adult mortality of Dermestes maculatus on smoke-dried catfish were evaluated in the laboratory. The leaf powders were admixed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/100 g of smoked catfish in 500 ml plastic container while plant extracts were tested at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations. Results The toxicities of the plant products were concentrations and exposure time dependent. Significant difference (P < 0.05) existed between the toxicity of V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia leaf powders and control. Tithonia diversifolia powder evoked 27.5, 40, 52.7, 60 and 82.5% larval mortalities at the various concentrations after 24 h of exposure of the catfishes to the plant powder. Similarly, V. amygdalina leaf powders caused 20, 30, 42.5, 52.5 and 77.5% larval mortalities at varying concentrations of 24 h intervals of exposure to the plant powder. Tithonia diversifolia powder achieved 100% mortality at 9 g dosage after 96 h of treatment. Similar trend was achieved on the response of both plant leaf extracts as protectants of smoke-dried catfish against hide beetle. Conclusion Tithonia diversifolia powder and extract were more lethal than bitter leaf (V. amygdalina) and could be integrated as smoked fish protectant against hide beetle (D. maculatus).

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

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