Studies on Operational Frequencies of Controls on Self-propelled Combine Harvesters in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Shukla ◽  
C. R. Mehta ◽  
K. N. Agrawal ◽  
R. R. Potdar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Ground Speed ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Operational Frequency ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Control Lever

A study was conducted to measure the operational frequencies of various controls on self-propelled combine harvesters and to categorize them into frequently and infrequently operated controls. The operational frequency of controls on 10 combine harvesters of different makes and models were measured during harvesting of wheat crop. The frequency of use of frequently operated controls viz. header assembly control lever, ground speed control lever, gear shift lever, brake pedal, and clutch pedal ranged 232-484, 43-170, 41- 135, 42-140, and 66-162 action.h-1, respectively. The percent time distributions of operation of controls were 44.84, 13.40, 12.21, 13.10, and 16.42%, respectively. The controls on the combine harvesters used repetitively that require high level of human effort. Therefore, to accommodate 90% of user population, the most frequently operated controls should preferably be placed in the optimum reach zone, and infrequently used controls can be conveniently placed within maximum reach zone of operators’ reach envelope.

scholarly journals Lateral Preference and Inter-limb Asymmetry in Completing Technical Tasks During Official Professional Futsal Matches: The Role of Playing Position and Opponent Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz H. Palucci Vieira ◽  
Carlos A. Kalva-Filho ◽  
Felipe B. Santinelli ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
Sergio A. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Lateral Preference ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Limb Asymmetry ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
High Level

This study had the purpose of analyzing dominant and non-dominant limb performances (frequency of use and accuracy) during match-play technical actions with ball possession (receiving, passing, and shooting a ball) in professional futsal and also check for the possible influence of playing position and the quality of opponent. We have analyzed data pertaining to eight matches of the FIFA Futsal World Cup Thailand 2012™ in which 76 male professional senior futsal players participated (44 right-footed and 32 left-footed). In total, we coded 5,856 actions (2,550 ball receptions, 3,076 passes, and 230 shoots). Our main findings were that (a) players used the dominant limb more frequently than the non-dominant limb for all actions considered [p < 0.001; effect size (ES) medium-to-large]; (b) accuracy was generally greater when using the dominant limb, regardless of the quality of opponent (p < 0.01; ES large); and (c) in shooting actions, pivots showed similar accuracy between dominant and non-dominant limbs (p = 0.51; ES small). The study suggested that when completing technical actions with the ball in futsal, high-level players depended to a greater extent on the use of their dominant lower limb during official matches. Excepting a similarity detected between limbs on shooting performance of pivots, players from all positional roles generally showed a higher accuracy rate in receiving, passing, and shooting a ball when using their dominant limb as compared to their non-dominant one during match-play and the limb usage and accuracy seemed to be independent of the quality of opponents.

scholarly journals Explainers as an Indicator of Defensive Attitude to Experienced Anxiety in Young Women Differing in Their Styles of Coping with Threatening Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Monika Obrębska ◽  
Joanna Zinczuk-Zielazna
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper presents the results of a frequency analysis of causal conjunctions and explainers in the speech of persons categorised as low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressors, selected according to the criteria of Weinberger et al. (1979). Ninety female students, assigned to three groups: high-anxious persons (n = 30), low-anxious persons (n = 30), and anxiety repressors (n = 30), gave a speech lasting several minutes concerning personality features that they liked or disliked in themselves. The results strongly confirmed the hypothesis that there are differences in the frequency of use of causal conjunctions and explainers between repressors, high-anxious, and low-anxious individuals. Their number is highest in the utterances of repressors and lowest in the utterances of low-anxious individuals. Our study demonstrates that the experiencing of anxiety does not in itself lead to an increase in the frequency of use of causal expressions. The key factor would appear to be a high level of defensiveness and absence of insight into one’s emotional states, characteristic of repressors. This may lead to a need to rationalise and to seek possible causes for the state of anxiety, which is externalised linguistically through the use of a high number of causal expressions.

scholarly journals Leveraging Human Guidance for Deep Reinforcement Learning Tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruohan Zhang ◽  
Faraz Torabi ◽  
Lin Guan ◽  
Dana H. Ballard ◽  
Peter Stone
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Learning Agents ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Learning Frameworks

Reinforcement learning agents can learn to solve sequential decision tasks by interacting with the environment. Human knowledge of how to solve these tasks can be incorporated using imitation learning, where the agent learns to imitate human demonstrated decisions. However, human guidance is not limited to the demonstrations. Other types of guidance could be more suitable for certain tasks and require less human effort. This survey provides a high-level overview of five recent learning frameworks that primarily rely on human guidance other than conventional, step-by-step action demonstrations. We review the motivation, assumption, and implementation of each framework. We then discuss possible future research directions.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing with Multiple-Source Knowledge Transfer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyang Han ◽  
Jinzheng Tu ◽  
Guoxian Yu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Carlotta Domeniconi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level

Crowdsourcing is a new computing paradigm that harnesses human effort to solve computer-hard problems. Budget and quality are two fundamental factors in crowdsourcing, but they are antagonistic and their balance is crucially important. Induction and inference are principled ways for humans to acquire knowledge. Transfer learning can also enable induction and inference processes. When a new task comes, we may not know how to go about approaching it. On the other hand, we may have easy access to relevant knowledge that can help us with the new task. As such, via appropriate knowledge transfer, for example, an improved annotation can be achieved for the task at a small cost. To make this idea concrete, we introduce the Crowdsourcing with Multiple-source Knowledge Transfer (CrowdMKT)approach to transfer knowledge from multiple, similar, but different domains for a new task, and to reduce the negative impact of irrelevant sources. CrwodMKT first learns a set of concentrated high-level feature vectors of tasks using knowledge transfer from multiple sources, and then introduces a probabilistic graphical model to jointly model the tasks with high-level features, workers, and their annotations. Finally, it adopts an EM algorithm to estimatethe workers strengths and consensus. Experimental results on real-world image and text datasets prove the effectiveness of CrowdMKT in improving quality and reducing the budget.

deteriorating situation of the mountain peasantry became a defense problem, did this question of 'rural exchange' receive high priority in the Economic Programme of the government [SPP, 1985]. Agrarian investment in the 1980-84 period was maintained at a high level, equivalent to about half the national total. This was almost exclusively concentrated on the APP: that is, in about half the modern sector or about a quarter of the whole of agriculture. This investment included extensive irrigation works, imports of tractors and combine harvesters, coffee reno-vation, a sugar mill, palm oil plantations, intensive dairy and beef breeding units, as well as the recapitalisation of the new state farms ruined by their previous owners. It formed part of a long-term strategy discussed below and thus did not itself add much to production during the first five years, although it did help compensate declines in the large private production sector. Given the external terms of trade (which had deteriorated by 40 per cent between 1977 and 1983 [CEPAL, 1984]) and the gradual recovery of production, the agricultural sector was not in a position to generate a sufficiently large surplus to finance its own investment. Even though the sector generated three times more exports than it absorbed imports [MIDINRA, 1985], the foreign exchange thus released was needed to maintain basic consumption elsewhere in the economy. Similarly, food supplies over and above the requirements of the agrarian workforce were needed to maintain the rest of the population; there was no significant capital goods sector to absorb these wagegoods [FitzGerald, 1982]. Thus, this investment was basically financed from abroad, initially with long-term development loans from multilateral institutions, but as US agression increased these funds were cut off and replaced by commercial credits from both capitalist and socialist suppliers. This was economically justifiable in that the increment in exports (or substituted imports) would have a compensatory balance of payments effect within a few years. Eventually, however, a net exchange surplus would have to be generated so that agroexports should expand more rapidly than domestic foodstuffs rather than the reverse, as had been the case between 1980 and 1984, when popular living standards had a higher priority than the trade balance. None the less, the major shortcoming of this accumulation model was undoubtedly its almost exclusive concentration on the APP as the focus of modernisation. Large private farmers might not wish to invest, but the middle farmers and the co-operatives were also neglected in machinery assignment, cattle restocking, and irrigation equipment. The political objective of preventing the re-emergence of capitalist accumulation or the reconstruc-tion of a rural bourgeoisie (albeit on a petty scale) appears to have been the main justification. However, the cost in terms of production was high, and in any case such a sector could have been simply controlled through the existing fiscal, banking and commercial mechanisms, let alone the eventual application of the Agrarian Reform laws.

2013 ◽  
pp. 226-229
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Major Shortcoming ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
The Cost

People and their smartphones – mapping mobile interaction in the modern connected world

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Tsen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
User Study ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a balanced study group consisting of 152 participants interact with, operate, customize, and control their smartphone applications. Design/methodology/approach – This work uses a qualitative research methodology involving an online user study questionnaire, supported by e-mailed user screenshots and online conversations. Findings – In terms of smartphone age, 72 per cent of the participants’ smartphones were less than two years old. This high level of churn rate was anticipated and will please retailers and marketers alike. This study found that the majority of smartphone users regularly arrange their app icons and that their categorization principle was based primarily on application associated functionality and frequency of use. This group of users seemed less concerned about the risks of privacy and security, and even when they had lost or had their smartphone stolen, few (5.2 per cent) had suffered from fraud, in contrast to the general perception of risk. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies to have investigated the area of smartphone use from the users’ perspective, leading to important insights into application user behaviour and icon arrangement, and as well as alternative possible implications for launcher design.

scholarly journals Relationships of Adolescent and Young Couples with Violent Behaviors: Conflict Resolution Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Noelia Aguilera-Jiménez ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Franco ◽  
Paloma Rohlfs-Domínguez ◽  
Jose Ramón Alameda-Bailén ◽  
Susana G. Paíno-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Problematic Situations ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Resolution Strategies

Violence in adolescent and young couples is a major issue given its high prevalence and the serious consequences that it brings. For this reason, this research has stated two main objectives. In the first place, to ascertain the level of agreement between both members of the couple both with regard to occurrence and frequency of violence. Second, to ascertain the level of agreement on the frequency of use of conflict resolution strategies in problematic situations in 141 heterosexual couples. The age of the sample was between 17 and 30. The tools used were the DVQ-R questionnaire and the Spanish adaptation by Bonache, Ramírez-Santana, and González-Mendez (2016) of the Inventory of Conflict Resolution Styles (CSRI)The results indicate that of the 141 couples in the sample, 112 were identified as violent, thus indicating a high prevalence of violence within their partner relationships. Regarding the levels of agreement and accordance, statistically significant discrepancies are reflected in the perception of violence between men and women, analyzing both roles (aggression and victimization). Finally, also noteworthy is use of the strategy of negative involvement in conflicts, with significant differences in relation to sex; it is the girls who make the most use of this strategy, and the high level of agreement on the frequency of problem-solving is reflected on that strategy.

scholarly journals Behavior Bounding: An Efficient Method for High-Level Behavior Comparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 165-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Version Spaces ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level

In this paper, we explore methods for comparing agent behavior with human behavior to assist with validation. Our exploration begins by considering a simple method of behavior comparison. Motivated by shortcomings in this initial approach, we introduce behavior bounding, an automated model-based approach for comparing behavior that is inspired, in part, by Mitchell’s Version Spaces. We show that behavior bounding can be used to compactly represent both human and agent behavior. We argue that relatively low amounts of human effort are required to build, maintain, and use the data structures that underlie behavior bounding, and we provide a theoretical basis for these arguments using notions of PAC Learnability. Next, we show empirical results indicating that this approach is effective at identifying differences in certain types of behaviors and that it performs well when compared against our initial benchmark methods. Finally, we demonstrate that behavior bounding can produce information that allows developers to identify and fix problems in an agent’s behavior much more efficiently than standard debugging techniques.

Metadata

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 696-713
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Mayernik
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Information Sciences

Meta­data in various forms pervades our institutions, technologies, and daily lives. Meta­data is a distinct focus of academic research and professional practice for many people within the library and information sciences (LIS). This article is an exploration of the concept of “meta­data.” It presents a high-level introduction to the topic with analysis of key research problems and practical challenges. The paper discusses varying understandings of what “meta­data” means, the origin and evolution of meta­data as an important topic within information and data fields, and the central characteristics of that which gets called “meta­data.” Meta­data can be understood as both process and product and can result from both human effort and computational techniques. Given the central role meta­data have in the establishment of know­ledge, evidence, and truth, it is necessary for researchers and professionals within LIS to think critically about our meta­data practices and systems.

scholarly journals USING GPS TRECKS FOR ESTIMATION THE RECREATIONAL LOADS ON NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
E.S. Kashirina ◽  
◽  
E.I. Golubeva ◽  
A.A. Novikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Gps Tracks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The development of tourism and recreation in specially protected natural areas raises the problem of preserving natural landscapes, their biodiversity and unique properties. For this purpose, functional zoning of protected areas is carried out, tourist routes that combine the interests of tourists are laid and the stability of ecosystems are regulated. To assess the level of acceptable changes in the landscape, it is necessary to compare them with the number of tourists. The most effective method is a direct accounting of recreants, but it is labor-intensive and expensive. In this regard, indirect methods of accounting for recreational load have been widely developed: measuring the width and density of the tourist trails, counting the number of trampled markers, and using open civil (social) databases. The article considers the results of using GPS tracks to assess the recreational load of protected areas on the Crimean Peninsula. We analyzed 170 tracks of Hiking routes obtained from the GPSies service for the “Baydarsky” and “Cape Aya” reserves. According to the level of recreational load, tourist trails are ranked into 4 categories: high, medium, low and very low. High recreational load corresponds to more than 10 GPS tracks, medium – from 5 to 9, low – from 1 to 5. At a very low recreational load, GPS tracks are usually not available. The frequency of use of tourist routes on model reserves of the Crimea, estimated by the density of GPS tracks, indicates the localization of loads on some of the most popular trails. Among the selected 19 trails, 13 of them are characterized by a high level of recreational load and 6 – medium. Thus, data on the distribution and density of GPS tracks in the protected areas of the Crimean Peninsula showed their prospects for assessing the recreational load

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