scholarly journals Pathological effects of ECHINOSTOMA PARAENSEI infection associated with pyogenic abscesses caused by PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA in swiss mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juberlan Silva Garcia ◽  
Raquel De Oliveira Simões ◽  
Ester Mota ◽  
Incerlande Soares dos Santos ◽  
Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Infectious Stage ◽  
Bacterial Coinfection ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Echinostoma Paraensei

The trematode Echinostoma paraensei is an intestinal parasite transmitted by ingestion of the infectious stage of metacercariae. For scientific purposes, its life cycle has been maintained in the laboratory, allowing analysis using various biological approaches. Different parasite isolates have revealed atypical patterns of migration and establishment in ectopic sites in Swiss-Webster mice. During the investigation of the biological life cycle of an E. paraensei isolate from the silvatic rodent Nectomys squamipes collected in the municipality of Rio Bonito (State of Rio de Janeiro), a bacterial coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed, which produced anatomopathological alterations, mainly in the liver, bile ducts, pancreas, and small intestine. The main macroscopic signs were the whitish suppurative pyogenic punctual lesions. The histological sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin showed an intense inflammatory reaction formed by mononuclear cells and macrophages surrounding the bile ducts, although the hepatic parenchyma still presented its normal aspect. Thus, pyogenic abscesses can be associated with E. paraensei infection depending on the strain and aggravating pathogenesis in the definitive host.KEY WORDS: Liver abscess; Swiss mice; trematode infection.

scholarly journals Enhanced Egress of Intracellular Eimeria tenella Sporozoites by Splenic Lymphocytes from Coccidian-Infected Chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 3465-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Dong ◽  
Ghada H. Abdelnabi ◽  
Sung H. Lee ◽  
Guangxing Li ◽  
Hong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Infected Host ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTEgress, which describes the mechanism that some intracellular parasites use to exit from parasitophorous vacuoles and host cells, plays a very important role in the parasite life cycle and is central toEimeriapropagation and pathogenesis. Despite the importance of egress in the intracellular parasite's life cycle, very little information is known on this process compared to other steps, e.g., invasion. The present study was conducted to investigate the interplay between the host adaptive immune system andEimeriaegression. Splenic lymphocytes or soluble immune factors were incubated with parasite-infected host cells for 3 or 5 h, and the percentage of egress was calculated according to an established formula. Viability of egressed parasites and host cells was tested using trypan blue exclusion and annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. We found that premature egression of sporozoites fromEimeria tenella-infected primary chicken kidney cells or from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred when the cells were coculturedin vitrowith spleen lymphocytes fromE. tenella-infected chickens but not when they were cocultured with splenocytes from uninfected chickens.Eimeria-specific antibodies and cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin-2 [IL-2], and IL-15), derived fromE. tenella-primed B and T lymphocytes, respectively, were capable of promoting premature egress of sporozoites from infected host cells. Both egressed parasites and host cells were viable, although the latter showed reduced reinvasion ability. These results suggest a novel, immune-mediated mechanism that the host exploits to interrupt the normalEimerialife cyclein vivoand thereby block the release of mature parasites into the environment.

scholarly journals Comparative histomorphological study of non affected and affected liver by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Reazul Islam ◽  
Md Najmul Hassan Parvez ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Sarder
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The purpose of this study was to comparative histomorphological investigation of the non affected and affected liver by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat. The average weight of affected livers was 511.20±14.10 gm which was significantly (p<0.001) higher than non affected livers (371.70±13.25 gm). The average length and girth of affected liver were 27.50 ±0.63 cm and 34.00±0.71 cm, respectively which were also significantly (p<0.001) higher than the length (21.80±0.61 cm) and girth (26.60±0.80 cm) of non affected liver of Black Bengal goat. The gross changes in acute form, affected livers were enlarged than normal. The livers were slightly swollen with rounded edges and the color became paler than normal. The capsule was more or less thick, opaque and rough than normal smooth thin capsule. The gross changes of the liver in chronic fascioliasis characterized by increase in the size of the organ due to inflammatory changes in the parenchyma and fibrosis of the bile ducts containing adult flukes. In acute cases microscopic changes were found mainly in the portal area. The grossly visible spots or tracks was represented by the presence of numerous eosinophils admixed with few lymphocytes and monocytes in the parenchyma of liver and accompanied by hemorrhage and edema. In chronic fascioliasis the hemorrhagic tracks or tunnels were represented by the areas infiltrated with fibroblasts admixed with neutrophils, lymphocytes and few mononuclear cells in the area previously migrated by young flukes. So it was concluded that liver of Black Bengal goats are mostly affected with fascioliasis which severely change the structure of that organ.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 424-433

scholarly journals PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATION OF BALI CATTLE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM INFECTED WITH FASCIOLA GIGANTICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-661
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi ◽  
I Ketut Berata ◽  
I Made Kardena ◽  
Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Bile Duct Wall ◽  
Hepatobiliary System ◽  
Bali Cattle

Liver fluke infections is an important parasitic disease that common attack cattle, buffalo and others ruminant. The disease in the tropics is caused by Fasciola gigantica trematodes. Fasciolosis found in Bali cattle besides causing high economic loss also has the opportunity infect humans. This study aims to determine the pathology changes of Bali cattle hepatobiliary system infected by F. gigantica. In January 2019 were examined a hundred of liver tissue Bali cattle. Based on the sex as many as 75 bali cattle are cows and 25 are bulls. On macroscopic examination was found fifteen bali cattles in gallbladder containing of F. gigantica. In positive Fasciolosis the surface of liver look uneven with enlargement of lymph nodes. The tissue of Bali cattle liver infected with F. gigantica is cut into 1x1x1 cm and put in a pot that has been filled with 10% neutral buffered formaline. The fixed tissue then processed in a tissue processor and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Microscopic examination was found bile ducts proliferation and blocked of the lumen accompanied by cholangio cirrhosis. Found longitudinal pieces of Fasciola gigantica liver fluke surrounded by fibrous connective tissue and multifocal coagulative necrosis with fibroblast proliferation. In some location the infiltration of neutrophil cells around the bile ducts can also be seen. Congestion, bleeding, and neutrophil infiltration are also seen in areas of necrosis. In the bile duct wall bleeding, adenomatus hyperplasia, infiltration of mononuclear cells with mild intensity and foci of calcification are found. It can be concluded that there was a change with severe intensity accompanied by chronic inflammation in the hepatobiliary system of Bali cattle with Fasciolosis.

Analysis of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of purified recombinant Azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Mohammadi-Barzelighi ◽  
Bahram Nasr-Esfahani ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Bahram Daraei ◽  
Sharareh Moghim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of recombinant Azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa against different bacterial species. Materials and Methods: The azurin gene was cloned in the pET21a vector. The pET21a-azurin construct was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. The recombinant Azurin was expressed and purified using affinity chromatography and con- firmed by Western blotting. The cytotoxicity of rAzurin was assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of rAzurin with different concentrations were determined by micro-broth dilution and crystal violet methods, respectively. The effect of rAzurin on bacterial species was statistically analyzed by t- test and spearman correla- tion. Results: The identity of purified protein was confirmed by blotting and distinguished as a 14 kDa band on 15% SDS-PAGE. The IC50 of rAzurin on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) was determined as 377.91±0.5 µg/mL in 24 h. Vibrio cholerae and Campilobacter jejuni displayed the most sensitivity to rAzurin (27.5 and 55 μg/mL, respectively) and the highest resistance (220 μg/mL) was displayed by P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The MIC for other species was 110 μg/mL. The Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration (MBIC) was determined as 220 μg/mL for Salmonella enterica and V. cholerae, 300 μg/mL for Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and P. aeruginosa and 440 μg/mL for the other species. The antimicrobial effect of rAzurin on bacterial species were significant (p value<0.05) and correlation coefficient was negative. Conclusion: The rAzurin appears to be an appropriate choice and a new strategy for prevention of bacterial infection. It inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation and candidates as antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals Rhesus rotavirus VP4 sequence-specific activation of mononuclear cells is associated with cholangiopathy in murine biliary atresia

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (6) ◽  
pp. G466-G474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Walther ◽  
Sujit K. Mohanty ◽  
Bryan Donnelly ◽  
Abigail Coots ◽  
Celine S. Lages ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newborn Mice

Biliary atresia (BA), a neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy, remains the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation in the United States. In the murine model of BA, Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) VP4 surface protein determines biliary duct tropism. In this study, we investigated how VP4 governs induction of murine BA. Newborn mice were injected with 16 strains of rotavirus and observed for clinical symptoms of BA and mortality. Cholangiograms were performed to confirm bile duct obstruction. Livers and bile ducts were harvested 7 days postinfection for virus titers and histology. Flow cytometry assessed mononuclear cell activation in harvested cell populations from the liver. Cytotoxic NK cell activity was determined by the ability of NK cells to kill noninfected cholangiocytes. Of the 16 strains investigated, the 6 with the highest homology to the RRV VP4 (>87%) were capable of infecting bile ducts in vivo. Although the strain Ro1845 replicated to a titer similar to RRV in vivo, it caused no symptoms or mortality. A Ro1845 reassortant containing the RRV VP4 induced all BA symptoms, with a mortality rate of 89%. Flow cytometry revealed that NK cell activation was significantly increased in the disease-inducing strains and these NK cells demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of cytotoxicity against noninfected cholangiocytes. Rotavirus strains with >87% homology to RRV's VP4 were capable of infecting murine bile ducts in vivo. Development of murine BA was mediated by RRV VP4-specific activation of mononuclear cells, independent of viral titers.

Developmental stages of Cyclospora talpae in the liver and bile duct of the mole (Talpa europaea)

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Mohamed ◽  
D. H. Molyneux
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultra Structure ◽  
Talpa Europaea

SUMMARYThe completed life-cycle of Cyclospora talpae, an extra-intestinal coccidian (Apicomplexa) of the liver of the mole (Talpa europaea). is reported. Oocysts sporulated within 12–14 days at room temperature (20–22 °C). Both macro- and micro-gametocytes developed independently within the nucleus of epithelial cells lining the bile duct as demonstrated by both light and electron microscopy. Merogony was seen in the mononuclear cells in the capillary sinusoids of the liver. Merozoites showed the typical ultrastructural features of the Apicomplexa. The life-cycle of C. talpae and the ultra-structure of the gametogonic and merogonic stages are reported; the ultrastructure of the merozoites is reported as the first description of this stage for the genus Cyclospora.

scholarly journals Flagellum-Mediated Biofilm Defense Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Host-Derived Lactoferrin

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 4559-4566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Leid ◽  
Mathias Kerr ◽  
Candice Selgado ◽  
Chelsa Johnson ◽  
Gabriel Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Chronic infection with the gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human patients, despite high doses of antibiotics used to treat the various diseases this organism causes. These infections are chronic because P. aeruginosa readily forms biofilms, which are inherently resistant to antibiotics as well as the host's immune system. Our laboratory has been investigating specific mutations in P. aeruginosa that regulate biofilm bacterial susceptibility to the host. To continue our investigation of the role of genetics in bacterial biofilm host resistance, we examined P. aeruginosa biofilms that lack the flgK gene. This mutant lacks flagella, which results in defects in early biofilm development (up to 36 h). For these experiments, the flgK-disrupted strain and the parental strain (PA14) were used in a modified version of the 96-well plate microtiter assay. Biofilms were challenged with freshly isolated human leukocytes for 4 to 6 h and viable bacteria enumerated by CFU. Subsequent to the challenge, both mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) and neutrophils, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were required for optimal killing of the flgK biofilm bacteria. We identified a cytokine cross talk network between mononuclear cells and neutrophils that was essential to the production of lactoferrin and bacterial killing. Our data suggest that TNF-α is secreted from mononuclear cells, causing neutrophil activation, resulting in the secretion of bactericidal concentrations of lactoferrin. These results extend previous studies of the importance of lactoferrin in the innate immune defense against bacterial biofilms.

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